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In the name of Allah, Most Merciful& Beneficial
Submitted by :
Ahmad Masood
Submited to :
Sir Nadir Mustafa
Date :
8-07-2018

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1. Executive summary
Duniya Television channel is a news channel and all its operations are based on providing the
audience with information, news, entertainment and educating them. In this internship report I
have describe about the working of the Duniya news channel in detail. This report highlights
how a news channel works, how it is managed and controlled. The daily operations of the
channel have been described as well, which ranges from collection of news to disseminating of
news or the final broadcast. In simple a full summary of the whole process that how the news is
made from where it comes from and how it is collected and who collects it ,to whom it is
forwarded ,where it reaches ,how it is treated ,what are the essential components of news through
what process it passes in to its final shape and up to the final broadcast has been included in this
report. . I have write-down about the different departments which works throughout 24 hours in
different shifts mainly in shift of three to bring about news for the audience.

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Sr# Description Page Number
1 Overview Of Organization………………….…………………04
2 Network………………………………………………………...05
(Bureau Offices)
3 Departments...………………………………………………….06
4 Working Process&details……………………………………… 07
(BROADCAST, PH, PCR, MCR , Switcher, NLE)
5 SourceDetail & working ………………………………………. 11
(DMNG ,DSNG, IRD)
6 Pcr1(Dunya News ) …………………………………………….15
7 Ingest Deparment ……………………………………………….. 18
8 Local PcrLahore News………………………………………….. 19
9 CAR……………………………………………………………….21
10 Conclusion……………………………………………………… 22

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Overview of the organization
Dunya News TV is an Urdu language news and
current affairs television channel from Pakistan. The
channel is governed and operated by National
Communication Services (SMC) Pvt. Ltd. Its head
office is situated at Lahore, Pakistan. Below is the
other basic information in this regardLaunched December 1, 2008
Owned By Mian Amer
Mehmood
Picture Format
4:3 (576i, SDTV)
Slagon Khabar Ki Dunya
Country Pakistan
Language Urdu
Broadcast Area South Asia
HeadQuater 8-A, Abbot Road,
Lahore
Website www.dunyanews.tv
Downlink Frequency
Satellite : Intelsat-20 68.5E
Frequency : 4006
Symbol Rate : 2990
Polarity: Horizontal

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Distribution
Network
Having its Headquarters in Lahore with Bureau Offices in following cities:
 Karachi
 Islamabad
 Quetta
 Peshawar
 Multan
 Gujranwala
 Faisalabad
 Muzaffarabad
 Sukkur
 Dera Ismail Khan
Bureaus Abroad
 US
 UK
 UAE
All bureaus are connected live 24/7 through satellite and fiber optics. A fleet of 20 DSNG Vans
with auto-locking satellite mobile links for instant News coverage
Competitors
 Express News
 Geo News
 Samma News
 AAJ TV
 ARY News
 Dawn News
 Din News
 News One
 PTV News
 Waqt New
Dunya News Live is highly accessible and witnessed news channel in diverse urban areas,
villages, towns, and regions of Pakistan.
FEC : 3 / 4

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Brief Introduction of all the departments
The current set up of Dunya TV networks
 News
 Current Affairs
 Creative
 BIT
 Archive and Ingest
 NOC
 IT
 Web content Development
 HR
 Sales & Marketing
 Accounts & Finance
 Administration
 Security
 Distribution

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Ch #2
Details
TV Channel:
 BroadcastTelevisionSystem:
Broadcasters using analog television systems encode their signal using NTSC, PAL or
SECAM analog encoding and then use RF modulation to modulate this signal onto a Very
High Frequency (VHF) or Ultra High Frequency (UHF) carrier. Each frame of a television
image is composed of lines drawn on the screen. The lines are of varying brightness; the
whole set of lines is drawn quickly enough that the human eye perceives it as one image. The
next sequential frame is displayed, allowing the depiction of motion. The analog television
signal contains timing and synchronization information so that the receiver can reconstruct a
two-dimensional moving image from a one-dimensional time-varying signal.
A practical television system needs to take luminance, chrominance (in a color system), and
synchronization (horizontal and vertical),audio signals and broadcast them over a
broadcasting transmission. The transmission system must include a means of television
channel selection.
However, there are three standards for the way to additional color information can be
encoded and transmitted. PAL's color encoding is similar to the NTSC systems. SECAM,
though, uses a different modulation approach than PAL or NTSC

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Production House:
Television studio is an installation in which video
productions take place, either for the recording of live
television to video tape, or for the acquisition of raw
footage for post-production. The design of a studio is
similar to, and derived from, movie studios, with a few
amendments for the special requirements of
television production. A professional television
studio generally has several rooms, which are kept
separate for noise and practicality reasons. These
rooms are connected via intercom and personnel will be divided among these workplaces.
Production Control Room:
The studio control room (SCR) is the place in which the composition of the outgoing program
takes place. (An SCR is also often the acronym for the Satellite Control Room from TV feeds
which sent & received from the local Satellite i.e used by the TV station. The production control
room is occasionally, also called a studio control room (SCR) or a "gallery" the latter name
comes from the original placement of the director on an ornately carved bridge spanning the
BBC's first studio at Alexandra Palace which was once referred to as like a minstrels' gallery.
Master control is the technical hub of a broadcast operation common among most over-the-air
television stations and television networks. Master control is distinct from a PCR in television
studios where the activities such as switching from camera to camera are coordinated. A
transmission control room (TCR) is usually smaller and is a scaled down version of central
casting.
MasterControl Room
The Master control room (MCR) is houses equipment that’s too noisy or runs too hot for the
Production control room (PCR). It also makes sure that coax cable and other wire lengths and
installation requirements keep within manageable lengths, since most high quality, wiring runs
only between devices in this room. This can include the actual circuitry and connections between

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·Character Generator
(CG)
·Camera Control units
(CCU)
·Digital video effects
(DVE)
·Video servers
·Vision mixer
(Video Switcher)
·VTRs
·Patch panels
The Master control roomin televisionstationisthe place where the on-airsignal iscontrolled.Itmay
include controlstoplay-outtelevisionprogramsandtelevisioncommercials,switchlocal ornetwork
feeds,recordsatellite feedsandmonitorthe transmitter(s),orthese itemsmaybe inan adjacent
equipmentrackroom.The term"studio"usuallyreferstoaplace where a particularlocal programis
originated.If the programisgoinglive,the signal goesfromthe PCRto MCR and thenout to the
transmitter.
Audio boards and consolesDesignedto do five things:-
1. Amplify incoming signals
2. Allow for switching and volume level adjustments for a variety of audio sources
3. Allow for creatively mixing and balancing multiple audio sources to achieve an optimum
blend
4. Route the combined effect to a transmission or recording device
5. Sophisticated audio boards or consoles also allow you to manipulate specific characteristics of
audio. These include the left-to-right "placement" of stereo sources, altering frequency
characteristics of sounds, and adding reverberation
For video field production, smaller units called audio mixers provide the most basic controls
over audio. The input selector switches at the top of each fader can switch between such
things as microphones, CDs, Video servers and satellite feeds. The selector switch at the
bottom of each fader typically switches the output of the fader between cue, audition and
program. Even though audio boards, consoles, and mixers can control numerous audio
sources, these sources all break down into two main categories:
• Mic-level inputs
• Line-level inputs
Switcher
Switcher is a device where all video sources are controlled and taken to air. Also known as, a
special effects generator audio mixing console and other audio equipment such as effects
devices Character generator creates the majority of the names and full screen graphics that are
inserted into the program. Digital video effects and/or still frame devices (if not integrated in
the vision mixer)Technical director's station, with waveform monitors, vector-scopes and the
camera control units or remote control panels for the camera control units (CCUs)VTRs may
also be located in the PCR, but are also often found in the central machine room.

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Nonlinear Video Editing Method
The nonlinear video editing method is a way of random access editing, which means instant
access to whatever clip you want, whenever you want it. So instead of going in a set order, you
are able to work on any segment of the project at any time, in any order you want. In nonlinear
video editing, the original source files are not lost or modified during editing. This is done
through an edit decision list (EDL), which records the decisions of the editor and can also be
interchanged with other editing tools. As such, many variations of the original source files can
exit without needing to store many different copies, allowing for very flexible editing. It is also
easy to change cuts and undo previous decisions simply by editing the EDL, without having to
have the actual film data duplicated. Loss of video quality is also avoided due to not having to
repeatedly re-encode the data when different effects are applied

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CH # 3
Sources Detail
DSNG
DSNG stands for Digital Satellite News Gathering. DSNG system is used as mobile earth station.
To perform live broadcasting from a remote place where any physical link like optical fiber,
transmission wire, radio link are not available, then the satellite link is the only way to send the
raw footage to the main TV station. The DSNG system is approximately similar to the earth
station system together with a mini program control system. The signal flow in the DSNG
system as like as
below.
TV station can use the same satellite or different satellite for main up-link and DSNG system.
After transmitting the raw footage by DSNG, main station receives that signal. Now it comes to
the base band section, processed and then made ready for final on-air through the main up-link.

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Digital Mobile News Gathering
Digital Mobile News Gathering) system is the most advanced and comprehensive video hybrid
contribution platform. Using the system, broadcasters and other video professionals can
flawlessly capture and broadcast live HD or SD video, leveraging available 3G/4G cellular
wireless, Wi-Fi, Ethernet, and satellite networks.
In the broadcast industry, time is of the essence. People want to know the news as and when it
happens. To deliver breaking news and live events with speed and agility, broadcasters need
portable, cost-effective, and reliable video solutions that can be used from any location around
the world.
Video quality and efficiency are also important. As consumer demand for HD content increases,
broadcasters require video solutions that enable the delivery of high-quality video content at the
lowest possible bit rates over networks that may be congested or impacted by weather
conditions.
DMNG systems have been deployed by a number of international, national, and local TV
channels, news agencies and video service operators to cover breaking news, conduct interviews,
and produce live television shows. They are the perfect solution for broadcast and online media
applications based on their compact design; increased flexibility, reliability, and affordability;
and ability to provide crystal-clear video despite varying or poor network conditions.

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IRD(Integrated ReceiverDecoder)
IRD stand for Integrated Receiver Decoder. This is ultimately a signal receiver. The operational
sequence of IRD is reverse than that of the earth station. The received RF signal by LNB (low
noise blocker) is converted to low band frequency that is operational for IRD.The IRD process
this low band frequency then demodulate it and then decode it according to the encoding system
(while transmitted). And thus the desired base-band signal is recovered.
A professional IRD commonly used in satellite TV channel is Proview 7000 of Harmonic brand.

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Ch # 4
PCR1 (Production ControlRoom Of Dunya News)
SCREEN 1 Screen2
Screen3 Screen4
Screen 5 Screen6
Production Control Room has 6 External Sources and 2 ings for grabbing the data
Facilities in a PCR 1 include:
 Video monitor wall
A video monitor wall, with monitors for program, preview, videotape machines, cameras,
graphics and other video sources
 Audio Consule
 Media Deck
 Switcher
 Prompter
 Router
Ext1 Ext2 Ext3 Ext4
Ext6 IN1 Ing2Ext5
ME1 ME2
M1 M2 M4 Scan2
Play1 Play2 Play3/4
Prompter1 Prompter 2
PVW
Cam1 Cam2 Cam3 Cam4
Cam5 Cam6 Cam7 Recut
er
Vcam1 Vcam3 Vca
m4
Vcam2
Vcam4 Gfx CG

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Audio Consule
Model : Pm5d
Company : Yamaha
Mixing Channels : 48 Mono , 8 Stero
Aux : 24 Mix
I/o : Mic Input 48
Power : +48v dc On/Off per Channels
System #1
Media Deck (Play 1,Play3/4 ) Also this this is used for grabing the ingus 1 and ingus 2
In this system we have 4 player 2 for media deck and 2 for grabbing
Software used in this system is Clip Tool
System #2
TelePrompter
A teleprompter is a device used by people Speaking on television or at a public Event, which
displays words for them to read.
Software Used : Win Plus
Switcher
Company : Ross Carbonite Black
Direct Acess Cross Point Button : 24/32
Number of ME Rows : 3
ME Effect Memory Key Board : Yes

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Custom Control Macro Buttons : 96/256
System # 3
Software Used : Dnps (DunyaNewsProductionSystem)
RundownpublishfromthisSystem
System # 4:
In thisyouget the videosandrunduringthe BreakigsSoftware Used :OTA
System # 5
Thisis the orad systeminhere theyaddthe graphic cg and tickers
Router
Dnps
Prompter
(text)
Cg/grap
hics

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INGEST DEPARTMENT
IRD
Dsng
DMNG
Ingest is a term used in broadcast that refers to the process of transferring content to a digital
editing or storage system. In consumer speak, it means recording video material on to a hard disk
recorder. The whole process includes of data stored and finally, storing the data as a file on a
hard disk. Often additional data is added to the file - program identifiers and time stamps, for
example. The ever increasing automation of broadcasting means that more and more content is
stored on video servers, ready to be played out on demand by transmission scheduling systems.
Video ingest is a big activity right now as broadcasters transfer thousands of hours of tape to
compressed, digital harddisk storage.
Local Pcr
Local pcr has 7 Dmngs and 4 links majority 6 of them are used but they have only 4 ings to
grab the video they can only grab 4 dmngs at a time when ever ingest want to grab the dmng
theyuse links
Ing1 Ing2
Ing3
Ing4
Software : Nexio Remote Software used
Software for sharing : Ftp File share Software Used
INGEST Media IN NLE Media Out
PCR
PCR1
MCR
ON AIR

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Local Pcr Systems Overview
system 1 System 2 System 3
System4
System 5 System 6 System 7 System 8
Audio Consule
Company Yamaha
System 1
Software Used Nexio Remote
This System Is also used For grabbing
System #2
Prompter runs here
Software used : Win Plus
Audio Consule Nexio Software Prompter Switcher Lnps
OTA Orad
System for
Grabbing
System for
Skype
Orad System
Backup
System9

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System 3
2 layer Switcher ross Carbonite
System 4
Lahore News Production System In this they publish the run down and text goes to prompter and
cg goes to orad system of relevant to text
System 5
In this System On the air Software Is installed during the breaking or news the videos/Packaages
runs from this system
System 6
This System is used for cg or trickes or transition and this system is under orad department

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Central Apparatus Room (CAR)
All the Broadcast Terminal Equipment, Processing and Distribution Equipment should be
Centrally managed with standard broadcast 42U Rack in CAR.
• Play-out Servers, Transmission Equipment, Encoders, Decoders, External Feeds, SNG Signals,
Should be managed with separate Broadcast Standard Rack.
• Separate UPS should be deployed with parallel Backup for CAR.
• Air Condition, Fire Safety equipment with Access Control facility must be in place.
• Equipment should be powered with standard MDU/PDU with IEC to IEC standard connector
and Separate MCB should connected with each MDU.
• SOP must be followed for CAR Operation and Maintenance.

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Conclusion
The good thing in this organization was the learning atmosphere. The atmosphere was really
friendly and work oriented dedicated, energetic and motivated youths are working day and night
to make this channel a leading channel . Dunya TV is fully digitalized with the state of art
automation systems that controls digitizing, production, post production, transmission and
archiving undoubtly puts Dunya News as being Pakistan’s most modern broadcast facility to
date. The environment of this organization was quit professional and all people were very co-
operative and friendly. It was a good experience for me to work in Dunya TV and I got much in
the shape of knowledge. I learned professionalism & objectivity.
Reference & Sources used
WEBSITE:http://www.Dunyanews.tv/