The document discusses definitions of personality from various psychologists and authors. According to Atkinson and Hilgard, personality can be defined as distinctive patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior that make up an individual's style of interacting with their environment. Kline defines personality as relatively stable patterns of responding to different conditions. Recio, Mejico and Anonuevo define personality as consistency in a person's behavior under varying conditions. The document also examines different domains that comprise personality including the physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, social, and moral domains.
Concept of a man, individual differences, factors affecting individual differences, Influence of environment
• Personality and Attitude: Determinants of Personality, Personality Traits Theory, Big Five Model, Personality traits important for organizational behaviour like authoritarianism, locus of control, Machiavellianism, introversion-extroversion achievement orientation , self – esteem, risk taking, self-monitoring and type A and B personalities, Concept of understanding self through JOHARI WINDOWS, Nature and components of attitude, Functions of attitude, Ways of changing attitude, Reading emotions
Concept of a man, individual differences, factors affecting individual differences, Influence of environment
• Personality and Attitude: Determinants of Personality, Personality Traits Theory, Big Five Model, Personality traits important for organizational behaviour like authoritarianism, locus of control, Machiavellianism, introversion-extroversion achievement orientation , self – esteem, risk taking, self-monitoring and type A and B personalities, Concept of understanding self through JOHARI WINDOWS, Nature and components of attitude, Functions of attitude, Ways of changing attitude, Reading emotions
The field of personality psychology studies the nature and definition of personality as well as its development, structure and trait constructs, dynamic processes, variations (with emphasis on enduring and stable individual differences), and maladaptive forms.
Personality determinants & attributesIsha Joshi
The term ‘personality’ is derived from the Latin word ‘persona’ which means a mask. According to K. Young, “Personality is a …. patterned body of habits, traits, attitudes and ideas of an individual, as these are organised externally into roles and statuses, and as they relate internally to motivation, goals, and various aspects of selfhood.” G. W. Allport defined it as “a person’s pattern of habits, attitudes, and traits which determine his adjustment to his environment.”
According to Robert E. Park and Earnest W. Burgess, personality is “the sum and organisation of those traits which determine the role of the individual in the group.” Herbert A. Bloch defined it as “the characteristic organisation of the individual’s habits, attitudes, values, emotional characteristics……. which imparts consistency to the behaviour of the individual.” According to Arnold W. Green, “personality is the sum of a person’s values (the objects of his striving, such as ideas, prestige, power and sex) plus his non- physical traits (his habitual ways of acting and reacting).” According to Linton, personality embraces the total “organised aggregate of psychological processes and status pertaining to the individual.”
Personality means how a person affects others and how he understands and views himself as well as the pattern of inner and outer measurable traits and the person-situation interaction.
Chapter 2I. Individual and Multicultural Differences.docxwalterl4
Chapter 2
I. Individual and Multicultural Differences
A. Psychological Study of Human Differences
1. Early Work- emphasized individual traits, such as intelligence, memory, and various personality traits.
a. Developed precise testing instruments and corresponding theoretical and mathematical formula used to quantify various traits
b. Measuring individual differences has expanded to form another area of study, psychometrics
2. During the first 80 years of the discipline’s existence, psychologists were not active in cross-cultural or multicultural research.
3. Psychologists may have been slow to expand their focus to include sociocultural influences, but once the expansion occurred in the 1960s and 1970s the field has moved rapidly to recognize cultural and individual differences.
4. The study of individual differences began in psychology with the aim of applying research in the areas of education, industry, and therapy. During the 1970s and 1980s psychologists became quickly and intensely interested in cross-cultural and multicultural research.
B. Assumptions Regarding Average and Normal
1. NORMAL
a. The term normal is less precise in that it does not have a statistical definition.
b. We frame normal in personal terms, based on our life experiences
(1) As childrennormal is often characterized by familiar, familial, and local customs.
(2) As we get older and our experiences broaden, we learn to appreciate a wide range of accepted thoughts and behaviors as normal within our society.
(3) We also realize with age that what is normal is changing. e.g., American male with an earring.
4. ABNORMAL
a. In addition to developing a sense of normal, we may also develop a sense of abnormal.
(1) It is easy to begin to dichotomize these terms such that thoughts or behaviors are either normal or abnormal: e.g., stranger approaches; that person is either normal (and I’m comfortable) or abnormal (and I’m on guard and suspicious).
(2) This perspective doesn’t allow for thoughts or behaviors to simply be different.
b. It is important to be reminded to WATCH OUR ASSUMPTIONS.
C. Closer Analysis of the Aging Population
1. It is also important to analyze data beyond the summary statements of the large group in order to find trends and differences among individuals and subgroups.
2. Consider the finding by the U.S. Census Bureau (2008) that of the 35 million Americans 65 years or older in 2005, 56.6% were married.
a. A closer look at the data reveals important yet hidden information in these figures.
b. Of the 15 million males 73.3% were married and only 13.1% were widowed. Of the 20 million females 43.8% were married and 42.5% were widowed.
c. By exploring the data with gender as the focus it becomes clear that the population 65 years and older in 2006 was .
The field of personality psychology studies the nature and definition of personality as well as its development, structure and trait constructs, dynamic processes, variations (with emphasis on enduring and stable individual differences), and maladaptive forms.
Personality determinants & attributesIsha Joshi
The term ‘personality’ is derived from the Latin word ‘persona’ which means a mask. According to K. Young, “Personality is a …. patterned body of habits, traits, attitudes and ideas of an individual, as these are organised externally into roles and statuses, and as they relate internally to motivation, goals, and various aspects of selfhood.” G. W. Allport defined it as “a person’s pattern of habits, attitudes, and traits which determine his adjustment to his environment.”
According to Robert E. Park and Earnest W. Burgess, personality is “the sum and organisation of those traits which determine the role of the individual in the group.” Herbert A. Bloch defined it as “the characteristic organisation of the individual’s habits, attitudes, values, emotional characteristics……. which imparts consistency to the behaviour of the individual.” According to Arnold W. Green, “personality is the sum of a person’s values (the objects of his striving, such as ideas, prestige, power and sex) plus his non- physical traits (his habitual ways of acting and reacting).” According to Linton, personality embraces the total “organised aggregate of psychological processes and status pertaining to the individual.”
Personality means how a person affects others and how he understands and views himself as well as the pattern of inner and outer measurable traits and the person-situation interaction.
Chapter 2I. Individual and Multicultural Differences.docxwalterl4
Chapter 2
I. Individual and Multicultural Differences
A. Psychological Study of Human Differences
1. Early Work- emphasized individual traits, such as intelligence, memory, and various personality traits.
a. Developed precise testing instruments and corresponding theoretical and mathematical formula used to quantify various traits
b. Measuring individual differences has expanded to form another area of study, psychometrics
2. During the first 80 years of the discipline’s existence, psychologists were not active in cross-cultural or multicultural research.
3. Psychologists may have been slow to expand their focus to include sociocultural influences, but once the expansion occurred in the 1960s and 1970s the field has moved rapidly to recognize cultural and individual differences.
4. The study of individual differences began in psychology with the aim of applying research in the areas of education, industry, and therapy. During the 1970s and 1980s psychologists became quickly and intensely interested in cross-cultural and multicultural research.
B. Assumptions Regarding Average and Normal
1. NORMAL
a. The term normal is less precise in that it does not have a statistical definition.
b. We frame normal in personal terms, based on our life experiences
(1) As childrennormal is often characterized by familiar, familial, and local customs.
(2) As we get older and our experiences broaden, we learn to appreciate a wide range of accepted thoughts and behaviors as normal within our society.
(3) We also realize with age that what is normal is changing. e.g., American male with an earring.
4. ABNORMAL
a. In addition to developing a sense of normal, we may also develop a sense of abnormal.
(1) It is easy to begin to dichotomize these terms such that thoughts or behaviors are either normal or abnormal: e.g., stranger approaches; that person is either normal (and I’m comfortable) or abnormal (and I’m on guard and suspicious).
(2) This perspective doesn’t allow for thoughts or behaviors to simply be different.
b. It is important to be reminded to WATCH OUR ASSUMPTIONS.
C. Closer Analysis of the Aging Population
1. It is also important to analyze data beyond the summary statements of the large group in order to find trends and differences among individuals and subgroups.
2. Consider the finding by the U.S. Census Bureau (2008) that of the 35 million Americans 65 years or older in 2005, 56.6% were married.
a. A closer look at the data reveals important yet hidden information in these figures.
b. Of the 15 million males 73.3% were married and only 13.1% were widowed. Of the 20 million females 43.8% were married and 42.5% were widowed.
c. By exploring the data with gender as the focus it becomes clear that the population 65 years and older in 2006 was .
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The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
Personality
1.
2. - In understanding the meaning of the term
personality it would be helpful to examine the
various definitions made by psychologists.
1.According to Atkinson and Hilgard (2003)
2.For Kline (2005)
3.Recio, Mejico and Anonuevo (2004)
4. Dr.Enriquez (2009)
4. Paul Kline
- personality is usually
defined as relatively stable
patterns of responding to
environmental conditions
that vary from individual to
individual.
5. Recio, Mejico and Anonuevo
- defined personality as a
consistency in a person’s
behavior that remains
stable under varying
conditions.
10. As well as the appropriateness and
condition that comprise the
physical appearance of a person.
This domain is highly related to the
Filipinos’ notion panlabas na anyo.
14. One can infer personality by judging
how one presents and expresses his
ideas and opinions.
15. - A person’s emotional make up is
shown by his likes and dislikes ,
whether he or she is aggressive or
docile, how he responds when things
become difficult,
Emotional/Affective
Domain
16. How quickly he gives up to anger,
whether he can handle stress in job,
what kind of sense of humor he
possesses, and the like.
17. *Spiritual Domain
- This is the consciousness of the
higher values in life. Religion
expresses spiritual value.
21. Rules of Etiquette
It is how the
person conducts
himself with other
people and how
well he or she
observe
22. * Moral Domain
- This has to do with the person’s
awareness of the difference between
what is wrong and right, his positive
and negative adherence to the dos
and dont’s of the society.
23. Submitted to:
Prof. Agnes Montalbo
Rizal Technological University
Submitted by:
Anva Kirsten I. del Mundo.
The End
