This document discusses theories and concepts of personal development and personality. It defines personal development as improving one's life through goal setting, motivation, changing habits, and improving awareness. It outlines four main perspectives on personality theory: psychodynamic, which focuses on unconscious mental forces; behavioral, which emphasizes how experiences shape consistent behaviors; humanistic, which highlights personal freedom and potential; and biological, viewing personality as genetically determined. The document explores key thinkers within each perspective, such as Freud, Skinner, Rogers, and Eysenck.

1. CHILD DEVELOPMENT
THEORIES & CONCEPTS OF PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
ALIA NADIRAH DZULKIFLI
FLORINNA KENNEDY
1 PISMPTESL 1

2.  The study and practice of improving
one’s life
 common aspects of personal
development include :
 goal setting, motivation, changing
habits, improving awareness

3. WHAT IS PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT?

4. BASIC CONCEPT OF PERSONALITY
 Personality- individuality, characteristics or
role played by people.
 Translated from the English Language which
originally derived from Latin word, persona.

5.  According to Alder ( 1948)
: personality is an individual’s way of life ,
continuously striving for superiority.
 Gordon Allport (1961)
: personality is a dynamic psychological
system of organisation found in an
individual’s soul. This system will determine
his behavior characteristic and adjustment to
the environment.

6.  Wayne Weiten (1994), author of Psychology
:Themes and variations provides concise
definition for personality :
 “personality refers to an individual’s unique
constellation of consistent behavioral traits.”
 -the stability(consistency) in a person’s
behavior over time and across situation.
 -the behavioral differences among people
reacting to do the same situation.

7. THEORIES OF PERSONALITY
 can divided to four main perspectives.
I. psychodynamic
II. behavioral
III. humanistic
IV. biological

8. PSYCHODYNAMIC
 Focus on unconscious mental forces. This is
the result conducted by Sigmund Freud.
 Freud use the concept Id, ego and
superego.
 the three elements of personality work
together to create complex human
behaviours.

9. BEHAVIOURAL
 B.F. Skinner, American Psychologist
: people show certain consistent pattern
behaviour because they possessed some
stable response tendencies, which they
acquired from experiences.
 -the person would continue to repeat the
same response when similar situation occurs
in future.

10. HUMANISTIC
 Emphasizes the unique quality of humans,
especially their freedom and potential for
personal development.
 Carl Rogers ( 1980)
: viewed personality structure in terms of self-
concept, which is a collection of beliefs about
one’s own nature, unique qualities and
typical behaviour.
 To an individual, self-concept is his or her
own mental picture, a collection of self
perceptions.

12. BIOLOGICAL
 Hans Eyneck
: considers that personality is inherited and
generally determined by a person’s genes.
 three higher-order traits:
 -extroversion (sociable, lively, active,
assertive, sensation-seeking)
 -neuroticism (anxious, tense, moody, low in
self-esteem)
 -psychoticism (egocentric, impulsive, cold,
antisocial.)

13. THANK YOU