This includes information about two nation theory and it's pioneers.
Like Quaid e Azam, Allama IQbal , Sir Syed Ahmad khan, and Al Beruni.
By the way my university group name was The Doctors
2. What is Nation?
A nation is a territory or country as
political entity or a grouping of people
who share real or imagined common
history, culture, language or ethnic
origin, often possessing or seeking its
own government.
3. The two nation theory
• The phenomenon of Two-Nation theory
originated with the advent of Islam in the
Sub-Continent.
• People of south Asia believe that Islam
and Hinduism are not only two religious but
also two social orders that have given birth to
two distinct cultures with no similarities.
4. Cont….
• Inspire of living together for more than
a thousands years, they continued to develop
different cultures and traditions.
• Hindus and Muslims are to separate nations.
• They have different philosophies of life.
• Their beliefs, culture, political leaders and way of
living is different from each other.
5. There are a few factors which split the inhabitants of the
Sub Continent into two nations. Let us examine each of
them separately:
• Religious Differences
• Hindu Nationalism
• Cultural Differences
• Social differences
Factors that split sub-continent in two
Nations.
8. Al-Beruni (1001 A.D)
Ai-Beruni wrote in his famous book “Kitab-ul-hind”
as:
“The Hindu society maintained this peculiar
character over the centuries. The two societies,
Hindus and Muslims, like two streams have
sometimes touched but never merged, each
following its separate course.”
10. Introduction
• Syed Ahmad bin Syed Muhammad
Muttaqi (Urdu: خان احمد سید ;17 October 1817 – 27
March 1898), commonly known as Sir Syed, was
an Indian Muslim pragmatist, Islamic
reformist and philosopher of nineteenth
century British India. Born into a family with
strong ties with Mughal court, Syed studied
the Quran and sciences within the court. He was
awarded honorary LLD from the University of
Edinburgh.
11. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Two Nation
Theory
In a letter to Mr. Shakespeare the divisional commissior of
Benars Sir Syed said:
“I am convinced now that Hindus and Muslims
could never become one nation as their religion
and way of life was quite distinct from each
other.”
13. Personal Life of Iqbal
• Iqbal was born on 9 November 1877 in Sialkot within
the Punjab Province of British India (now in Pakistan). His
grandparents were Kashmiri Pandits, Brahmins of
the Sapru clan from Kashmir who converted to Islam.In the 19th
century, when the Sikh Empire was conquering Kashmir, his
grandfather's family migrated to Punjab. Iqbal often mentioned
and commemorated his Kashmiri lineage in his writings.
• Iqbal's father, Sheikh Noor Muhammad (died 1930), was a tailor,
not formally educated but a religious man.Iqbal's mother Imam
Bibi was evidently a Sialkoti Punjabi. Iqbal's mother Imam Bibi, a
local Punjabi Muslim, was described as a polite and humble
woman who helped the poor and her neighbours with their
problems. She died on 9 November 1914 in Sialkot
15. Allama Iqbal and Two-Nation Theory
• Allama Iqbal was a great poet, philosopher and a politician.
Iqbal had a sensitive heart and a deep-thinking inquisitive
mind. He was dismayed at the pathetic conditions of the
Muslims in general and of the Indian Muslims in particular.
• Allama Iqbal delivered historical address at Allahabad:
“The units of Indian society are not territorial
as in the European countries. India is a continent of
human groups belonging to different races speaking
different languages and professing different religions.
Their behavior is not at all determined by a common race
consciousness.”
16. Cont…
• Under such circumstances, Allama Iqbal proposed a
separate state of the Muslims. In his presidential address
to the Allahabad session of the Muslim League in 1930,
he said: “Personally I would go further…. I would like to
see the Punjab, Khyber Paktoon Khawa, Sindh and
Balochistan amalgamated into a single state.
• Self-government within the British Empire or without the
British Empire, the formation of a single consolidated North-
West Indian Muslim state appears to me to be the final
destiny of the Muslims at least of North West India.”
17. Cont…
Allama Iqbal claimed that the Muslims were a
separate nation in every respect. His own words
in this regard were as follows: “We have a
population of seven core among all nations of the
sub-continent, we are the most united. In fact, of
all the nations inhabiting the country, Muslims
are the only true nation according to the most
modern definition of the world.” In short the
prophecy of Iqbal acted as a spur for the Muslims
of India who craved out an independent state
Pakistan for themselves, Seventeen years later
(Allahabad Address 1930) on 14th August 1947.
19. Personal life of Quaid
• Quaid e Azam was born on Dec 25,1876 at Karachi,
Pakistan and died on September 11,1948.
• His father’s name was Jinnah bhai Poonja (born
1857 deid 1901).He was a prosperous Gujrati
Merchant.
• His mother’s name was Mithhibai jinnahbai.
• Muhammad Ali jinnah was married twice.(Ratti
jinnah & Emmibai jinnah )
21. Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Two-Nation Theory
Quaid-e-Azam said:
“Difference in India between the two major
nations, the Hindus and the Muslims are
thousand times greater when compared with
the continent of Europe.”
22. Cont…
Quaid-e-Azam further said:
“India is not a national state. India is not a country but
a Sub-continent composed of nationalities, the two
major nations being Hindus and the Muslims whose
culture and civilizations, language and literature, art
and architecture, names and nomenclature, sense of
value and proportion, laws and jurisprudence, social
moral codes, customs and calendar, history and
traditions, aptitudes and ambitions, outlook on life
and of life are fundamentally different. By all canons
of international law we are nation.”
23. Cont…
In 1940, Muslim League embraced the creed of Chaudhry
Rehmat Ali and the historic session on March 23, 1940
in Lahore demanded the establishment of Pakistan. On that
occasion, Quaid-e-Azam in his presidential address said:
“Islam and Hinduism are not religions in the strict sense of the
word, but are, in fact, different and distinct social orders… The
Hindus and Muslims belong to two different religious
philosophies, social customs, literatures. They neither inter-marry
nor inter-dine together and, indeed, they belong to two different
civilizations which are based mainly on conflicting ideas and
conceptions.”
24. Cont…
• He refuted the claim of All Indian Nation Congress
that India had only one single nation, in the name of
Indian by the following statement.
• The history of the last twelve hundred years has failed
to achieve the unity and has witnessed, India always
divided into Hindu India and Muslim India.
• Quaid-e-Azam made the English ruler realize the
fundamental deep rooted spiritual economic, social
and political differences. He said that their efforts
would frustrate which they were making to bind all
Indians through central Government.
25. Conclusion
• Hindus and Muslims were two separate nations.
• Our ancestors and great heroes worked very hard to
provide a separate homeland where we are living
and which is know as our beloved Country Pakistan.
• So, we should live here like a family and always
remember our heroes…..Pakistan Zindabad.
