Allama Iqbal and Muhammad Ali Jinnah were influential figures who advocated for the Two Nation Theory, which argued that Hindus and Muslims in India constituted two separate nations based on their religious and cultural identities. Iqbal first presented the idea in 1930 that Muslims in India should have their own independent state based on Islamic principles. Jinnah initially supported Hindu-Muslim unity but changed his view after the 1928 Nehru Report, advocating for a separate homeland. At the 1940 Muslim League session in Lahore, Jinnah declared Hindus and Muslims as two separate nations. Pakistan was eventually established in 1947 with the aim of enforcing Islamic principles and protecting Muslim culture, identity, and political rights.

1. Name : M. Zubair Afaq
CMS # 15154
Topic : Ideology of Allama
Iqbal

2. ALLAMA MUHAMMAD
IQBAL
AND
TWO NATION THEORY

4. Introduction
Allama Muhammad Iqbal! A great poet,
thinker, philosopher, scholar and politician.
When Iqbal was born, it was the time of
troubles for Indian Muslims.
300 Years before the birth of Iqbal, his
family embraced Islam.
Iqbal’s grand father Shaikh Rafique used to
sell Shawls.

5. Introduction (Cont.)
Shaikh Rafique had a son known as Shaikh
Noor Muhammad
Noor Muhammad was married . He has six
children.

6. Noor Muhammad
Taleh Zainab
Karima Fatima
Ata Muhammad Muhammad Iqbal

7. Initial Life
Friday, November 9, 1877, Iqbal was born
at Sialkot.
Iqbal got his early education from Mission
School and did his F.A. from Murry
College, Sialkot and B.A. from Islamia
College, Lahore.
Then he did his M.A. Philosophy from
Islamia College, Lahore.

8. Life and Career
From 1899 – 1905, Iqbal served as Lecturer
(Philosophy) in Oriental College, Lahore.
In 1905, Iqbal went to Germany, where he
did his Ph.D. in Philosophy.

9. Political Career
In 1926, Iqbal started his political career
when he was elected as member of Punjab
Imperial Legislative Council (PILC).

10. Two Nation Theory
 Allama Iqbal was also a strong believer of Hindu-
Muslim unity but Congress extremism force him
to change his attitude.
 In 1930, Iqbal clearly discussed Two Nation
Theory as:
– Islam: as code of conduct and way of life.
– Muslims are separate nation.
– Demand of separate state.

11. Islam: as Code of Conduct
and Way of Life
“Islam is complete code of life; so Indian
Muslims should get assistance from Islam.
It will support them fully.

12. Muslims are Separate Nation
Allama Iqbal openly negated the concept of
one nation and said:
“Nations are based with religion; not with
territories. So we are separate nation
because we have our own ideology.”

13. Demand of Separate State
“If British Government is interested to
resolve Hindu-Muslim conflicts then India
should be divided into states.
NWFP, Sindh, Baluchistan, Punjab, Aasam
and Bengal should be converted into one
unit and authority should be given to
Indian Muslims.”

14. MUHAMMAD ALI
JINNAH and
Two Nation Theory /
Ideology of Pakistan

16. Jinnah Bai Poonja
Muhammad Ali
Sunday, December 25, 1876Sunday, December 25, 1876
Banda Ali
Rehmat Ali Fazal Ali
Ahmed Ali Maryam
ShereenShereen FatimaFatima

17. Initial Life
Muhammad Ali Jinnah got his early
education from Sindh Madrassa-tul-Islam.
In 1891, Jinnah was married to Sakeena bai.
Then Jinnah went to England.
He remained in England from 1891 to 1899.
After his arrival, he left Karachi and settled
in Bombay.

18. Political Career
In 1906, Jinnah started his political career
when he joined All India National
Congress.
In 1913, Jinnah joined All India Muslim
League on the request of Mollana
Muhammad Ali Johar.
In 1919, he became the President of All
India Muslim League.

19. Two Nation Theory
Upto the 1928, Jinnah was also true
believer of Hindu Muslim unity.
But Nehru report of 1928, dishearted
Jinnah.
So after Nehru report, Jinnah also talk on
Two Nation Theory.
“Pakistan was created the day the 1st
Indian
National entered the fold of Islam”

20. SUGGESTIONS OF
NEHRU REPORT
 1 . Ending of Separate Electorate.
2 . Ending of more Muslim Seats than Population .
3 . Ending of more Seats than Population .
4 . Refusal to give 1/3 Representation to Muslim in the
center .
5 . Hindi should be introduced as an official language
 6-separation of Sind From bombay (Mumbai)
7. Suggestions of Reforms in N.W.F.P province and
Aviodness from Balouchistan .
8 . Demand of Strong Central government .

21. 1st
Round Table Conference
“Now we on position, from where, if Indian
Muslims are not consulted about the future
of India; then the proposals of British
Govt. would not be run-able more than
weeks.”

22. Annual Session of Muslim
League
 In 1938, Jinnah presided at Pattna:
“British Govt. wanted to rule India; while
Congress wanted to rule Indian Muslims.
It would not be possible during our life.”

23. Annual Session of Muslim
League
 In 1940, Jinnah presided at Lahore:
“The Hindus and Muslims belong to two
different religious philosophies, social
customs and literature. They neither
intermarry nor inter dine together and
indeed they belong to two different
civilizations. So they are separate nation.”

24. Open Speech 1944
“We did not demand Pakistan simply to
have a piece of land but we wanted a
laboratory where we could experiment on
Islamic principles.”

25. General Election 1945-46
“Now Pakistan is our aim and we will
reach there on every cost and every
condition.”

26. Aims and objectives of the
Establishment of Pakistan
• Following factors can be said to be the
objective of the establishment of Pakistan
 Enforcement of the sovereignty of God Almighty
 Established of Islamic Democracy
 Revival of Muslim image and identity
 Protection of Muslim Culture and Civilization
 liberation from the harmful Hindo majority
 Establishment of Balance Economic System
 Two Nation Theory

27. 1-Enforcement of the
sovereignty of God Almighty
Quaid Azam Said:
“ We did not demand Pakistan to acquire a
piece of land, but we wanted a homeland
where we could introduce Islamic
principles”

28. 2-Established of Islamic
Democracy
 Every thing is equal in Islamic democratic system
 The Khalifa is Naib of God on the earth.
 “The Almighty thought us that our decision in the
state affairs shell be guided by mutual
consultation” (Quiad –e-Azam)

29. 3-Revival of Muslim image and
identity
The Hindo had adopted a harmful attitude
which blocked all channels to wealth and
progress to Muslims
 The National Identity of Muslim was in
great danger under the extremes Hindo
after British ruler

30. 4-Protection of Muslim
Culture and Civilization
The Hindo always tried to crush Muslims as
Nation and Ultimately merge them in Hindo
Society.
They Started several Movement for this
purpose, Hindi-Urdu controversy was result
of this movement.
Protection from Hondu was the main
motivating point for Pakistan movement

31. 5-liberation from the harmful
Hindo majority
The British and the Hindus adopted a
unkind policy of mass elimination against
Muslims in order to erase them as a nation
and merge them in Hindu Society.
The demand of Pakistan was based on this
feeling that Muslim should be liberate from
the hold of the eternal Hindus domination

32. 6-Establishment of Balance
Economic System
 Muslim was not in position to entre in business and trade
because of biased policy of Government.
 After the war of the independence 1857, British
Government had banned Muslims entre into Government
services.
 All high level jobs were reserved for Hindu
 The agricultural land mostly owned by Hindus who fully
exploited Muslims cultivator. The Government policy
provided no shelter to Muslims for earning

33. 7-Two Nation Theory
Two Nation Theory based on religion,
Economic & political system, cultural &
social value, civilization & literature
 The religion of Islam is based on the
concept of Toheed