VR and AR technologies can be used to improve safety in the construction industry. They allow for: 1) Visualizing construction projects through 3D models to identify risks and prevent issues like excavation damage to underground pipelines. 2) Serious gaming approaches that make safety training more engaging through competitive design challenges and scoring systems. 3) Augmented reality applications that overlay digital information onto the real world, such as using AR to provide work instructions or design projects directly on a table top.