useful information about various ship types.

1. SHIP TYPES AND THEIRSHIP TYPES AND THEIR
CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS

2. Development of FloatingDevelopment of Floating
Vehicles and StructuresVehicles and Structures
Early years –wooden boats with ores and sailsEarly years –wooden boats with ores and sails
1780 to 1810 – Steam engines in ships – coal replaces1780 to 1810 – Steam engines in ships – coal replaces
woodwood
1800s – Use of paddles and screw propellers on ships.1800s – Use of paddles and screw propellers on ships.
1837 to 1858 – I K Brunnel: GREAT EASTERN, GREAT1837 to 1858 – I K Brunnel: GREAT EASTERN, GREAT
WESTERN and GREAT BRITAINWESTERN and GREAT BRITAIN
1820 to 1880 – iron ships and composit ships1820 to 1880 – iron ships and composit ships
1880 onwards – steel ships1880 onwards – steel ships
1900 onwards – oil replaces coal as ship energy source.1900 onwards – oil replaces coal as ship energy source.
1920 onwards – welding in ship construction1920 onwards – welding in ship construction
1892 – Invention of diesel engine1892 – Invention of diesel engine
1912 onwards – use of diesel engine in ships1912 onwards – use of diesel engine in ships

3. Development of FloatingDevelopment of Floating
Vehicles and StructuresVehicles and Structures (contd.)(contd.)
1954 – First nuclear ship Nautilus1954 – First nuclear ship Nautilus
1906 – First hydrofoil1906 – First hydrofoil
1955 – First jack – up drilling unit built1955 – First jack – up drilling unit built
1959 – First practical hovercraft1959 – First practical hovercraft
1958 – First time carriage of LNG by sea1958 – First time carriage of LNG by sea
1919 to 1938 – Ship types begin to appear1919 to 1938 – Ship types begin to appear
1945 to 1955 – post war replacement. Modest technical1945 to 1955 – post war replacement. Modest technical
advance.advance.
1955 to 1965 – Ship size and speed increase - advent of1955 to 1965 – Ship size and speed increase - advent of
modern scientific design practices.modern scientific design practices.
1965 to 1973 – Golden age of shipping – container1965 to 1973 – Golden age of shipping – container
ships, ro-ro, car carriers, chemical and gas carriers.ships, ro-ro, car carriers, chemical and gas carriers.
Ships increase in size – economy of scale – VLCC andShips increase in size – economy of scale – VLCC and
ULCC built. Demise of passenger transport by sea.ULCC built. Demise of passenger transport by sea.

4. Development of FloatingDevelopment of Floating
Vehicles and StructuresVehicles and Structures (contd.)(contd.)
Scientific procedures advance – structuralScientific procedures advance – structural
design, new production techniques etc.design, new production techniques etc.
1973 to 1982 – Rise in oil price, large tankers1973 to 1982 – Rise in oil price, large tankers
fade away. 1970 onwards – offshore oilfade away. 1970 onwards – offshore oil
exploitation in commercial scale – offshoreexploitation in commercial scale – offshore
platforms of various kinds–platforms of various kinds– Ocean engineeringOcean engineering
disciplinediscipline appears on the academic scene.appears on the academic scene.
1990 to 2000 – Sea as the Common Heritage of1990 to 2000 – Sea as the Common Heritage of
Mankind – Law of the Sea promulgated.Mankind – Law of the Sea promulgated.

5. Present trends in TechnologyPresent trends in Technology
SafetySafety
Pollution preventionPollution prevention
Computers and ITComputers and IT
Cargo handling EfficiencyCargo handling Efficiency
Fuel Alternatives and EfficiencyFuel Alternatives and Efficiency
Structural EfficiencyStructural Efficiency
Manning standards and levelsManning standards and levels
Scientific analysis – CFD, FEM etc.Scientific analysis – CFD, FEM etc.
Management practices – ISO, ISM, TQM etcManagement practices – ISO, ISM, TQM etc
DismantlingDismantling

6. Sizes of Cargo ShipsSizes of Cargo Ships
Mini BulkcarriersMini Bulkcarriers: < 10000t dwt: < 10000t dwt
Small Handy SizeSmall Handy Size carriers, 20000 to 28000 t dwtcarriers, 20000 to 28000 t dwt
Handy SizeHandy Size carriers 28000 to 40000 t dwtcarriers 28000 to 40000 t dwt
HandymaxHandymax carriers 40000 to 50000 t dwtcarriers 40000 to 50000 t dwt
SeawayMax -SeawayMax - St. Lawrence Seaway (B <= 23.16m)St. Lawrence Seaway (B <= 23.16m)
AframaxAframax tankers: 75000 to 115000t dwttankers: 75000 to 115000t dwt
Suezmax:Suezmax: Suez Canal – upto 150000t dwtSuez Canal – upto 150000t dwt
Panamax:Panamax: Panama Canal (B <= 32.2 m) upto 65000 to 80000t dwtPanama Canal (B <= 32.2 m) upto 65000 to 80000t dwt
MalaccamaxMalaccamax:: Strait depth 25m - VLCCsStrait depth 25m - VLCCs
Capesize:Capesize: Cape of Good Hope and Cape Horn – 80000 to 120000tCape of Good Hope and Cape Horn – 80000 to 120000t
VLCC (very large crude carrier)VLCC (very large crude carrier) - 150000 to 320000t dwt- 150000 to 320000t dwt
ULCC (ultra large crude carrier)ULCC (ultra large crude carrier) - 320000 to 550000t dwt- 320000 to 550000t dwt
VLBC (very large bulk carrier)VLBC (very large bulk carrier) upto 200000t dwt carrying capacityupto 200000t dwt carrying capacity

7. CLASSIFICATION OF MARINE VEHICLESCLASSIFICATION OF MARINE VEHICLES
& STRUCTURES& STRUCTURES
Inland WaterwaysInland Waterways
Sea goingSea going
TransportTransport
Industrial Vessels (owner operated)Industrial Vessels (owner operated)
General CargoGeneral Cargo
Break BulkBreak Bulk
UnitisedUnitised
Passenger VesselsPassenger Vessels
Dry BulkDry Bulk
Liquid BulkLiquid Bulk
Non-TransportNon-Transport
Service VesselsService Vessels
Military VesselsMilitary Vessels
IndustrialIndustrial
Tourism and sportsTourism and sports
Planing/ Hydrofoil vesselsPlaning/ Hydrofoil vessels
SES/ HovercraftSES/ Hovercraft
Hybrid vesselsHybrid vessels
YatchesYatches
Floating Tourism FacilitiesFloating Tourism Facilities

8. Typical Ship parts NomenclatureTypical Ship parts Nomenclature

9. Bulbous BowBulbous Bow

10. General Cargo shipsGeneral Cargo ships
Number has gone down with increase in specialisedNumber has gone down with increase in specialised
ships such as container ships and RORO ships.ships such as container ships and RORO ships.
Liners - sophisticated ships , speed upto 20 knotsLiners - sophisticated ships , speed upto 20 knots
Tramps – ‘workhorse’ ships calling at medium and smallTramps – ‘workhorse’ ships calling at medium and small
portsports
Multi deck ships – more floor space for cargoMulti deck ships – more floor space for cargo
Hold sizes and hatch sizes for variety cargo such asHold sizes and hatch sizes for variety cargo such as
containers and large steel products. Hatch width < B/2containers and large steel products. Hatch width < B/2
for single hatch ships or , 0.75B for twin or triple hatchfor single hatch ships or , 0.75B for twin or triple hatch
ships.ships.
Cargo handling by cranes/ derricks verticallyCargo handling by cranes/ derricks vertically
Standard Designs – Mariner Class, Freedom Class andStandard Designs – Mariner Class, Freedom Class and
Fortune ClassFortune Class

11. Multipurpose Ship – Cargo ArrangementMultipurpose Ship – Cargo Arrangement

12. Sideport and Platform Elevator –Sideport and Platform Elevator –
General Cargo ShipGeneral Cargo Ship

13. Horizontal Loading in aHorizontal Loading in a
RORO/ General Cargo ShipRORO/ General Cargo Ship

14. Midship Section of a General Cargo ShipMidship Section of a General Cargo Ship

15. Midship Section of a Multi-deck ShipMidship Section of a Multi-deck Ship

16. Multipurpose ShipMultipurpose Ship

17. Dry Bulk Cargo ShipsDry Bulk Cargo Ships
Volume / weight based design – deadweight carrierVolume / weight based design – deadweight carrier
Single deckSingle deck
Bottom sloping tanks for easy cargo handlingBottom sloping tanks for easy cargo handling
Angle of repose and grain shifting – top side tanks /Angle of repose and grain shifting – top side tanks /
shifting boardsshifting boards
Alternate hold loading – BM and SF ProblemAlternate hold loading – BM and SF Problem
Heavy bulk carriage – ore carrier with high doubleHeavy bulk carriage – ore carrier with high double
bottombottom
Multiple cargo carriers - OBOsMultiple cargo carriers - OBOs
Slow speed vessels – full form, stern flow – wake controlSlow speed vessels – full form, stern flow – wake control
Automatic/ Otherwise Loading / UnloadingAutomatic/ Otherwise Loading / Unloading
Size has gone on increasing – Panamax, Suezmax andSize has gone on increasing – Panamax, Suezmax and
AframaxAframax

18. General Arrangement of a Bulk CarrierGeneral Arrangement of a Bulk Carrier

19. Midship Section of a Typical Bulk carrierMidship Section of a Typical Bulk carrier

20. Cutaway Section through a Bulk CarrierCutaway Section through a Bulk Carrier

21. Midship Section of a Deep Double BottomMidship Section of a Deep Double Bottom
Dry Bulk CarrierDry Bulk Carrier

22. Midship Section of aMidship Section of a
Self-Unloading Bulk carrierSelf-Unloading Bulk carrier

23. HANDYMAX BULKCARRIERHANDYMAX BULKCARRIER

24. CONTAINER SHIPSCONTAINER SHIPS
Standard size of cargoStandard size of cargo
Door to door movement conceptDoor to door movement concept
Liner – Movement as per time scheduleLiner – Movement as per time schedule
Container fittings – LASHINGS andContainer fittings – LASHINGS and
Cell guidesCell guides – cellular container ships– cellular container ships
Large Hatch openings – open deck ships – Torsion boxesLarge Hatch openings – open deck ships – Torsion boxes
Large cargo on deck, on hatch coversLarge cargo on deck, on hatch covers
Stability problems.Stability problems.
Reduced port time – Dedicated handling, quick turnaroundReduced port time – Dedicated handling, quick turnaround
Container ports – Hub ports and smaller portsContainer ports – Hub ports and smaller ports
Large container ships and feeder vesselsLarge container ships and feeder vessels
Hatchless container shipsHatchless container ships
Container ship size has increased - 8000 to 10000TEU.Container ship size has increased - 8000 to 10000TEU.

25. STANDARD CONTAINER SIZESSTANDARD CONTAINER SIZES
TEU: 20’ x 8’ x 8.5’,TEU: 20’ x 8’ x 8.5’,
empty wt 2.3 t, max load 21.7tempty wt 2.3 t, max load 21.7t
FEU: 40’ x 8’ x 8.5’,FEU: 40’ x 8’ x 8.5’,
empty wt 4.0 t, max load 26.5tempty wt 4.0 t, max load 26.5t
45’ x 8’ x 9.5’,45’ x 8’ x 9.5’,
empty wt 4.8 t, max load 25.7tempty wt 4.8 t, max load 25.7t

26. Container DetailsContainer Details

27. Loading in a Container ShipLoading in a Container Ship

28. Midship Section of a Container ShipMidship Section of a Container Ship

29. CONTAINER SHIPCONTAINER SHIP

30. Container Ship at PortContainer Ship at Port

31. Midship Section of aMidship Section of a
Feeder Container VesselFeeder Container Vessel

32. General Arrangement of aGeneral Arrangement of a
Feeder Container VesselFeeder Container Vessel

33. BARGE CARRIERSBARGE CARRIERS
Intermodal TransportationIntermodal Transportation
Standard barges carried on ships across theStandard barges carried on ships across the
oceans. Barges are dropped and moved tooceans. Barges are dropped and moved to
inland/sheltered waters under their own powerinland/sheltered waters under their own power
Lighter aboard ship – LASH BargesLighter aboard ship – LASH Barges
SEABEE ships – SEABEE BargesSEABEE ships – SEABEE Barges
Most important item in these vessels is theMost important item in these vessels is the
handling arrangement.handling arrangement.
Tug-Barge SystemsTug-Barge Systems

34. Tug Barge SystemTug Barge System

35. RORO VESSELSRORO VESSELS
Roll on roll off vessels – carry standard vehicles onRoll on roll off vessels – carry standard vehicles on
wheelswheels
Cars etc. in ferriesCars etc. in ferries
Trucks and trailers on non-passenger RORO vesselsTrucks and trailers on non-passenger RORO vessels
Horizontal loading – Bow doors, Stern doors, Side doorsHorizontal loading – Bow doors, Stern doors, Side doors
Handling and Securing arrangement of doors/rampsHandling and Securing arrangement of doors/ramps
which are also closing deviceswhich are also closing devices
Large length of cargo space – difficult to provideLarge length of cargo space – difficult to provide
transverse watertight bulkheads, in case of damagetransverse watertight bulkheads, in case of damage
survivability is a problemsurvivability is a problem
High capacity cargoHigh capacity cargo
High value cargoHigh value cargo
Liner trading – high speed, quick manoeuvring systems;Liner trading – high speed, quick manoeuvring systems;
low port turn around linelow port turn around line

36. SHIP SIDE LOADINGSHIP SIDE LOADING

37. BOW LOADING OF CARSBOW LOADING OF CARS

38. BOW DOORBOW DOOR

39. Arrangement in RORO ShipsArrangement in RORO Ships

40. PASSENGER SHIPSPASSENGER SHIPS
High capacity cargoHigh capacity cargo
High value cargo – Liner serviceHigh value cargo – Liner service
High speed, high manoeuvring, low motions, visuallyHigh speed, high manoeuvring, low motions, visually
beautifulbeautiful
Large and high superstructure – CG at a higher levelLarge and high superstructure – CG at a higher level
reducing stability – so ship’s beam is generally highreducing stability – so ship’s beam is generally high
Short duration trips – sitting arrangement only withinShort duration trips – sitting arrangement only within
limited spacelimited space
Medium duration trips – sleeping accommodation withinMedium duration trips – sleeping accommodation within
limited spacelimited space
Both these types may have vehicle carrying capacity atBoth these types may have vehicle carrying capacity at
lower levels (RORO arrangement)lower levels (RORO arrangement)
Long duration trips –Long duration trips – Cruise shipsCruise ships
Luxury linersLuxury liners

41. RO RO PASSENGER FERRYRO RO PASSENGER FERRY

42. RO RO PASSENGER FERRYRO RO PASSENGER FERRY

43. TANKERSTANKERS
Crude oil carriers, Products tankers, Chemical tankersCrude oil carriers, Products tankers, Chemical tankers
In 50’s and 60’s tankers were safest ships –In 50’s and 60’s tankers were safest ships –
Single hull ships – Type A freeboard- high structural integrity-lowSingle hull ships – Type A freeboard- high structural integrity-low
value cargo- slow full form shipsvalue cargo- slow full form ships
Economy of scale – VLCCs and ULCCsEconomy of scale – VLCCs and ULCCs
in 70’s and 80’sin 70’s and 80’s −− Rise in oil price – drop in oil transportationRise in oil price – drop in oil transportation −− BigBig
ships went out of businessships went out of business
Major oil tanker disasters – Pollution at sea near ports – affectingMajor oil tanker disasters – Pollution at sea near ports – affecting
ecosystem and coastal lifeecosystem and coastal life
MARPOL - Protective locations of cargo and later, Double HullMARPOL - Protective locations of cargo and later, Double Hull
TankersTankers
Size reduced and then went on increasing till PANAMAX andSize reduced and then went on increasing till PANAMAX and
SUEZMAX sizesSUEZMAX sizes
Slow full form ships, BW and oil cargo saggregated, MoreSlow full form ships, BW and oil cargo saggregated, More
equipment for pollution prevention and fire hazard reduction, Type Aequipment for pollution prevention and fire hazard reduction, Type A
freeboard is difficult to attain.freeboard is difficult to attain.
Product tankers and Chemical Tankers - IMDG code satisfaction,Product tankers and Chemical Tankers - IMDG code satisfaction,
Cargo purity, Separate handling for all cargoes etc.Cargo purity, Separate handling for all cargoes etc.

44. OIL TANKEROIL TANKER

46. Midship Section of a TankerMidship Section of a Tanker

47. Typical OBO Midship SectionsTypical OBO Midship Sections

48. LNG/LPG CARRIERSLNG/LPG CARRIERS
Technology intensive vessels.Technology intensive vessels.
Liquefaction (LPG) byLiquefaction (LPG) by
(i) high pressure at normal temperature and(i) high pressure at normal temperature and
(ii) low temperature at normal pressure(ii) low temperature at normal pressure
LPG is carried at -64 deg.C temperature andLPG is carried at -64 deg.C temperature and
LNG at -161deg C if not pressurized.LNG at -161deg C if not pressurized.
Materials, handling, propulsion, etc. are special.Materials, handling, propulsion, etc. are special.

49. LNG Carriers-(i) prismatic free standingLNG Carriers-(i) prismatic free standing
(ii) membrane (iii) spherical tanks(ii) membrane (iii) spherical tanks

50. Midship Sections of LNG CarriersMidship Sections of LNG Carriers

51. LNG CarrierLNG Carrier

52. LNG CarrierLNG Carrier

53. AIRCRAFT CARRIER – Charles de GaulleAIRCRAFT CARRIER – Charles de Gaulle
Nuclear shipNuclear ship

54. SUPPORT VESSELSSUPPORT VESSELS
TugTug:: River/harbour/ocean going operationRiver/harbour/ocean going operation
Supply Vessel:Supply Vessel: Service to offshore installations.Service to offshore installations.
Ice BreakersIce Breakers
Ocean Research VesselOcean Research Vessel
Dredgers:Dredgers: Capital dredging, maintenanceCapital dredging, maintenance
dredging, land reclamation, beach nourishment,dredging, land reclamation, beach nourishment,
harvesting material, sea-bed mining, removal of trashharvesting material, sea-bed mining, removal of trash
and debris.and debris.
Dumb/ poweredDumb/ powered
Suction/ Bucket/ Grab/ Pneumatic DredgingSuction/ Bucket/ Grab/ Pneumatic Dredging
Trailing/ Cutter Suction DredgingTrailing/ Cutter Suction Dredging

55. A Tug Boat turning a Big ShipA Tug Boat turning a Big Ship

56. TUG – firefighting supportTUG – firefighting support

57. Drill Ship with Offshore Support VesselDrill Ship with Offshore Support Vessel

58. Oceanographic Research VesselOceanographic Research Vessel

59. Crane Ship - AAGL (India) builtCrane Ship - AAGL (India) built

60. Cutter Suction DredgerCutter Suction Dredger

61. FISHING VESSELSFISHING VESSELS
Based on size of vesselBased on size of vessel
Large fishing vessels operate in open seasLarge fishing vessels operate in open seas
Medium sized vessels operate in EEZMedium sized vessels operate in EEZ
Small vessels operating in coastal and brackishSmall vessels operating in coastal and brackish
waterswaters
Based on fishing gearBased on fishing gear
Trawlers - Vessels using trawls as fishing gearTrawlers - Vessels using trawls as fishing gear
SeinersSeiners - Vessels using surrounding gear- Vessels using surrounding gear
and seine netsand seine nets
Dredgers - dragging nets on the bottomDredgers - dragging nets on the bottom
Lift netters - using large lift nets using outLift netters - using large lift nets using out
riggersriggers
Trap setters - Setting trapTrap setters - Setting trap
etc.etc.

62. FISHING VESSELSFISHING VESSELS
Based on size and mode of fish handlingBased on size and mode of fish handling (mainly trawlers)(mainly trawlers)
Wet fish trawlers (short trip)Wet fish trawlers (short trip)
Freezer trawler (medium duration)Freezer trawler (medium duration)
Factory trawler - gutting, filleting, freezing, storage etc. (long trip)Factory trawler - gutting, filleting, freezing, storage etc. (long trip)
Mother shipMother ship
Based on type of trawlingBased on type of trawling
Stern TrawlerStern Trawler
Side TrawlerSide Trawler
Fishing Vessel CharacteristicsFishing Vessel Characteristics
-- Fishing Gear arrangementFishing Gear arrangement
-- Handling arrangement of net – ‘A’ bracket, winch for hauling etc.Handling arrangement of net – ‘A’ bracket, winch for hauling etc.
-- Enough Pull for hauling netsEnough Pull for hauling nets
-- Propeller designed for free running as well as pulling netsPropeller designed for free running as well as pulling nets
-- Large deck are for fish handlingLarge deck are for fish handling
-- Large storage area for fish and associated arrangements.Large storage area for fish and associated arrangements.

63. NAVAL VASSELSNAVAL VASSELS
Carries offensive/defensive weapons and accessoriesCarries offensive/defensive weapons and accessories
Guns of various sizes and rangesGuns of various sizes and ranges
Mines/depth chargesMines/depth charges
Guided missiles (Anti-aircraft warfare – AAW)Guided missiles (Anti-aircraft warfare – AAW)
Torpedoes (Anti-submarine torpedoes)Torpedoes (Anti-submarine torpedoes)
Surface to Air, Surface to Surface missilesSurface to Air, Surface to Surface missiles
Nuclear missilesNuclear missiles
Capable of different oceanic operationsCapable of different oceanic operations
Surveillance and detection (radar, sonar etc.)Surveillance and detection (radar, sonar etc.)
Reconnaissance and rescueReconnaissance and rescue
High speed and manoeuvrabilityHigh speed and manoeuvrability
Range – short/ medium/ longRange – short/ medium/ long
Carriage of helicopters/aircrafts with platform at seaCarriage of helicopters/aircrafts with platform at sea
Support services such as troop, tanks, FO supplySupport services such as troop, tanks, FO supply

64. NAVAL VASSELS – Design ed for..NAVAL VASSELS – Design ed for..
Carriage of personnelCarriage of personnel −− large accommodationlarge accommodation
Sonar domes at the bottomSonar domes at the bottom
Electronic detectionElectronic detection
Stealth (radar visibility and noise)Stealth (radar visibility and noise)
carriage and operation of weapons -carriage and operation of weapons -
shock/impact loadingshock/impact loading
Multi-speed operation -Multi-speed operation -
High speed/cruising speed withHigh speed/cruising speed with
Propulsion different from merchant vesselsPropulsion different from merchant vessels −−
GT, ST, DE and combinations.GT, ST, DE and combinations.

65. Types of NAVAL VASSELSTypes of NAVAL VASSELS
Patrol CraftPatrol Craft
CorvettesCorvettes
FrigatesFrigates
−− stealth technologystealth technology −− minimum radarminimum radar
cross-sectioncross-section
−− High speed deploymentHigh speed deployment
−− Works normally in a fleet/convoy dutyWorks normally in a fleet/convoy duty
Destroyer/ BattleshipDestroyer/ Battleship
CruiserCruiser
Aircraft CarriersAircraft Carriers

66. MILGEM class Corvette – Turkish NavyMILGEM class Corvette – Turkish Navy

67. Corvette Braunschweig – German NavyCorvette Braunschweig – German Navy

68. Frigate – USS Vandegrift, USAFrigate – USS Vandegrift, USA

69. Frigate – HMS Chatham, UKFrigate – HMS Chatham, UK

70. Destroyer – USS McFaulDestroyer – USS McFaul

71. Cruiser – USS Port Royal, USACruiser – USS Port Royal, USA

72. AIRCRAFT CARRIER – Future Carrier (RN)AIRCRAFT CARRIER – Future Carrier (RN)

73. Landing CraftLanding Craft

74. SUBMARINESSUBMARINES
To go down and come up: The capability isTo go down and come up: The capability is
known byknown by
(i) depth to which it can dive and(i) depth to which it can dive and
(ii) how long it can stay underwater.(ii) how long it can stay underwater.
Multiple propulsion plants and manoeuvringMultiple propulsion plants and manoeuvring
devices in 3-dimension.devices in 3-dimension.
Ballasting/deballasting arrangementsBallasting/deballasting arrangements
Arrangement for living in confinedArrangement for living in confined
environmentenvironment
Torpedoe carrying and firing capability.Torpedoe carrying and firing capability.

75. SUBMERSIBLESSUBMERSIBLES
Small manned submersiblesSmall manned submersibles
Remotely operated vehicles – ROVRemotely operated vehicles – ROV
(connected with mother ship by(connected with mother ship by
umbilical chord supplying commandsumbilical chord supplying commands
for operation)for operation)
Automatic Underwater VehicleAutomatic Underwater Vehicle −− AUVAUV
(independent robotic operation with(independent robotic operation with
preprogrammed s/w). It has a motherpreprogrammed s/w). It has a mother
ship for launching and retrieval.ship for launching and retrieval.

76. Submarine Control SurfacesSubmarine Control Surfaces

77. Submarine – USS VirginiaSubmarine – USS Virginia

78. Submarine – Alvin, 1978Submarine – Alvin, 1978

79. Submersible – Deep Flight ISubmersible – Deep Flight I
Crew: One person, prone position
Life Support: 18 Hours
Flight Endurance: 1-4 Hours
Dimensions: 13 ft. long, 8 ft. wide, 3 ft. high
Weight: 2,860 pounds
Operational Depth: 3,300 fsw
Speed:Max: 12 knots (estimated)
Cruise: 4-8 knots Minimum: 2 knots

80. Submersible - TRIUMPHSubmersible - TRIUMPH

81. ROV Jason heading to workROV Jason heading to work

82. ROV Tiburon ventures to oceanROV Tiburon ventures to ocean

83. AUV at MIT, USAAUV at MIT, USA

84. AUV – Sea Surveyor IAUV – Sea Surveyor I

85. Concept AUV - NSTLConcept AUV - NSTL

86. Concept AUV in water - NSTLConcept AUV in water - NSTL

87. High Performance and other vesselsHigh Performance and other vessels
Yachts (Sailing or powered)Yachts (Sailing or powered)
CatamaransCatamarans
SWATHSWATH
TrimaranTrimaran
PentamaranPentamaran
Planing VesselsPlaning Vessels
Hydrofoil BoatsHydrofoil Boats
Hovercraft/ SESHovercraft/ SES
WIGWIG
Hybrid VesselsHybrid Vessels
Floating FacilitiesFloating Facilities

88. Sailing YachtsSailing Yachts

89. Modern Motor YachtModern Motor Yacht

90. Training on CatamaranTraining on Catamaran

91. CATAMARAN - FerryCATAMARAN - Ferry

92. Catamaran - FerryCatamaran - Ferry

93. Trimaran – Artist’s ImpressionTrimaran – Artist’s Impression

94. Planing CraftPlaning Craft

95. HydrofoilHydrofoil

96. Hover CraftHover Craft

97. A Passenger HovercraftA Passenger Hovercraft

98. Hybrid Hydrofoil Boat - FerryHybrid Hydrofoil Boat - Ferry

99. FOILCAT Prototype Vessel – NSTL & IITFOILCAT Prototype Vessel – NSTL & IIT
KharagpurKharagpur

100. Floating Restaurant – Jumbo Kingdom,Floating Restaurant – Jumbo Kingdom,
HongkongHongkong

101. A Floating Tourist Complex – An Artist’sA Floating Tourist Complex – An Artist’s
ImpressionImpression