Basics of Information Systems

1. Information System
Part I
Manahari Pemarathna
B.Sc. Business Information System (Special) Degree

2. Content
What is Information Technology
What Is Information System
Component of Information System
Classification of Information System
Discussion Question

3. Is There Difference Between IT and IS?
?

4. What Is IT?
 IT Refers Information Technology
 Hardware + Software + Database + Telecommunication
 IT facilitates the acquisition and collection, processing, storing, delivery, sharing and
presentation of information and other digital content, such as video and voice.
 IT refers specifically to technology, essentially hardware, software and telecommunications
networks, including devices of all kinds: computers, sensors, cables, satellites, servers,
routers, PCs, phones, tablets; and all types of software: operating systems, data management,
enterprise and social applications and personal productivity tools

5. What is an IS?

6. Information System
“Information System (IS) is the study of complementary networks
of hardware and software that people and organizations use to
collect, filter, process, create, and distribute data”

7. Cont.…
“Information systems are interrelated components working
together to collect, process, store, and disseminate information to
support decision making, coordination, control, analysis, and
visualization in an organization.”

8. Cont.…
Information systems (IS) are the means by which people and
organizations, increasingly utilizing technology, gather, process,
store, use and disseminate information.

9. Components of IS
Basically there are five components,
Data + Hardware + Software + Process + People
Technology Process People

10. 1. Technology
Hardware
Software
Data

11.  Hardware
Information systems hardware is the part of an information system you can touch – the physical components of the technology.
Computers, keyboards, disk drives, iPads, and flash drives are all examples of information systems hardware.

12.  Software
Software is a set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do.
Software is not tangible – it cannot be touched.
When programmers create software programs, what they are really doing is simply typing out lists of instructions that tell the hardware what to do.
There are several categories of software, with the two main categories being operating-system software, which makes the hardware usable, and application software, which does something useful.
E
xamples of operating systems include Microsoft Windows on a personal computer and Google’s Android on a mobile phone.
Examples of application software are Microsoft Excel and Angry Birds.

13.  DATA
The third component is data. You can think of data as a collection of facts. For example, your street address, the city you live in, and your
phone number are all pieces of data. Like software, data is also intangible. By themselves, pieces of data are not really very useful. But
aggregated, indexed, and organized together into a database, data can become a powerful tool for businesses.

14. 2. People
From the front-line help-desk workers, to systems analysts, to
programmers, all the way up to the chief information officer
(CIO), the people involved with information systems .

15. 3. Process
A process is a series of steps undertaken to achieve a desired outcome or
goal.
Information systems are becoming more and more integrated with
organizational processes, bringing more productivity and better control to
those processes.
But simply automating activities using technology is not enough –
businesses looking to effectively utilize information systems do more.

16. Factors impact towards on pace and effectiveness of
progress in using IT/IS and in delivering Business
Benefits
The capabilities of the technology
The economics of deploying the technology
The skills and abilities available
 The skills and abilities within the organization to use the
applications and information
The pressures on the particular organization or its industry

17. Classification of Information Systems
Information system can be classified by
1. organizational levels
2. Type of support provided

18. 1. Classification by Organizational Level
IS
Functional IS
Enterprise IS
Interorganizational
IS

19. a) Functional IS
The Functional Information systems also called as
departmental information systems and they are
structured around conventional departmental
functions such as Finance, Accounting, Marketing,
production, human resource, And Administrative etc.
Example Financial Information System
Accounting Information System
Marketing Information System
The use of Information systems differs from the
function to function in the organization. In instance
finance and accounting function use information
systems to forecast revenue and business activities,
to create financial reports with accuracy but in
human resource function want to IS to recruiting
process, analyze the job applicants and hire new
employees.

20. b) Enterprise IS
Functional information system is often developed as
standalone system and usually related to a functional
area. It has created communication gap among the
functions in the organization to resolve this problem
it has introduced enterprisewide information systems
which serve different departments or entire
enterprise. One of the most popular enterprise
systems is enterprise resource planning (ERP),
which enables to companies to plan and manage the
resources of an entire organization. In example
ORACLE, SAP systems are most popular ERP
systems in the current market.
The Transactional Processing System is a special
enterprise system that crosses several departments. It
supports the monitoring, collection, storage and
processing of data from the organization basic
business transactions, each of which generates data.
The TPS automates routine and repetitive tasks that
are critical to the operations of the organization.

21. c) Interorganizational IS
Interorganizational information system can be
identified as a system between organizations, or
shared information system among group of
companies. For Example, Dell Company has
connected their customers, suppliers, business
functions to the system for giving satisfied service to
the consumer. As well as Walmare Retailer link
system connect suppliers to the Walmart.
Interorganizational IS support complex international
or global operations. It has played a vital role in
supply chain management and e-commerce.

22. Departmental , corporate, and interorganizational IS

23. 2. Classification by the type of support provided
Transaction Processing System (TPS)
Management Information Systems (MIS)
Office automation systems (OAS)
Word processing systems
CAD/CAM
Communication systems
Desktop publishing systems
Document management systems

24. Decision support system (DSS)
 Executive Support system (ESS)
Group support System(GSS)
Expert System (ES)
Knowledge work system(KWS)
Data Warehouse
 Business intelligence
Mobile computing System

25. Application
An application is a computer program designed to support a
specific task or a business process (such as execute the payroll)
or, in some cases, another application program

26. Applications can be ;
Purchased, pre‐written software programs for a particular business
activity
or
Developed ‘in‐house’ to provide particular functionality
 Applications delivered via ;
Mobile devices
Cloud computing (SaaS, LaaS, PaaS)
 App is designed for a single purpose

27. Thank You