How SOA Can Help EA Yan Zhao, Ph.D Enterprise Architecture and IT Strategy Current Affiliation: Mitre Corporation Enterprise Architecture Conference 2008 The IT & Business Alignment Forum November 10 -13, 2008, Las Vegas, NV

Presentation Outline The current trend Enterprise Architecture, SOA, and their relationships Apply SOA to Enterprise Architecture – Service Oriented Enterprise Architecture Service Oriented Enterprise Service Oriented Applications and Systems Service Oriented Infrastructure EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

The current trend

Enterprise Architecture, SOA, and their relationships

Apply SOA to Enterprise Architecture – Service Oriented Enterprise Architecture

Service Oriented Enterprise

Service Oriented Applications and Systems

Service Oriented Infrastructure

Current Trend Internet Era Businesses are more agile, geographical limitations are diminishing Increasing needs in collaboration and information sharing to enable the “link” Old systems with stove-piped design need to be modernized Information Revolution Comparing to Industry Revolution age, we are in an Information Revolution age now Business relies more on information Need more organized and efficient ways for information processing and utilization SOA is the current state of art, is leading a new paradigm shift Promotes collaboration, service and info sharing, IT flexibility, and business agility EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

Internet Era

Businesses are more agile, geographical limitations are diminishing

Increasing needs in collaboration and information sharing to enable the “link”

Old systems with stove-piped design need to be modernized

Information Revolution

Comparing to Industry Revolution age, we are in an Information Revolution age now

Business relies more on information

Need more organized and efficient ways for information processing and utilization

SOA is the current state of art, is leading a new paradigm shift

Promotes collaboration, service and info sharing, IT flexibility, and business agility

The Purpose of Enterprise Architecture Have a blueprint and long-term guidance Facilitate decision making Support enterprise modernization efforts Enhance collaboration and interoperation Streamline business processes and technology implementations across the enterprise Enable resource sharing and cost efficiency by identify common and sharable components and services EA for an enterprise .vs. city plan for a city EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

Have a blueprint and long-term guidance

Facilitate decision making

Support enterprise modernization efforts

Enhance collaboration and interoperation

Streamline business processes and technology implementations across the enterprise

Enable resource sharing and cost efficiency by identify common and sharable components and services

EA for an enterprise .vs. city plan for a city

Enterprise Architecture in Context EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA Enterprise Architecture (Component-Based Service-Oriented) Business Operations Strategic Planning (Business & IT) Solution Architecture (SOA) Performance Management Capital Planning Investment Control Project & Program Management future current result-oriented

Enterprise Architecture Components and Enterprise Life Cycle Technical Reference Model (TRM) Data Reference Model (DRM) Service Component Reference Model (SRM) Business Reference Model (BRM) Performance Reference Model (PRM) Application/ System Architecture Business Architecture Performance Model Strategic Planning Capital Planning & Investment Control IT Initiatives FEA EA for an Enterprise Performance Measurement Enterprise IT Planning & Operation Life Cycle Technical Architecture Data Architecture How SOA Can Help EA EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D

What is SOA SOA is an architectural style and modeling approach that EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA Emphasizes well-defined, loosely coupled, reusable and shareable services Coarse-grained, business-centric services Layered technology services Componentized SOA, as a practical modeling approach, it suits enterprise architecture (EA) development very well It helps in bridging EA with solution architecture and implementation by layered service components across business models, application models, and technology implementation

SOA is an architectural style and modeling approach that

Emphasizes well-defined, loosely coupled, reusable and shareable services

Coarse-grained, business-centric services

Layered technology services

Componentized

SOA, as a practical modeling approach, it suits enterprise architecture (EA) development very well

It helps in bridging EA with solution architecture and implementation by layered service components across business models, application models, and technology implementation

Relationships: EA, SOA & Web Service Enterprise Architecture: It’s a subject domain that is independent of approaches and methodologies for its development and presentation. Service-Oriented Architecture: It’s a architecture style that describe businesses and systems with service-orientation. Web Services: It’s a technology that enables us to implement applications in a service-oriented way. EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

Enterprise Architecture: It’s a subject domain that is independent of approaches and methodologies for its development and presentation.

Service-Oriented Architecture: It’s a architecture style that describe businesses and systems with service-orientation.

Web Services: It’s a technology that enables us to implement applications in a service-oriented way.

Service Oriented Architecture Adoption in an Enterprise Service Oriented Enterprise How SOA affects enterprise Apply SOA to architectures and planning Apply SOA to enterprise service portfolio management Apply SOA to lifecycle, governance, and ROI Service Oriented Applications/Systems Apply SOA to application and system services Apply SOA to data services Apply SOA to federated Service Infrastructure Service Oriented Infrastructure Apply SOA to IT infrastructure -> SOI Service Oriented Infrastructure Framework Integrate SOI framework with ITIL *This indicates how SOA can be applied to EA EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

Service Oriented Enterprise

How SOA affects enterprise

Apply SOA to architectures and planning

Apply SOA to enterprise service portfolio management

Apply SOA to lifecycle, governance, and ROI

Service Oriented Applications/Systems

Apply SOA to application and system services

Apply SOA to data services

Apply SOA to federated Service Infrastructure

Service Oriented Infrastructure

Apply SOA to IT infrastructure -> SOI

Service Oriented Infrastructure Framework

Integrate SOI framework with ITIL

*This indicates how SOA can be applied to EA

Service Oriented Enterprise Architecture Service Oriented Enterprise How SOA affects enterprise Apply SOA to architectures and planning Apply SOA to enterprise service portfolio management Apply SOA to lifecycle, governance, ROI Service Oriented Applications/Systems Service Oriented Infrastructure EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

Service Oriented Enterprise

How SOA affects enterprise

Apply SOA to architectures and planning

Apply SOA to enterprise service portfolio management

Apply SOA to lifecycle, governance, ROI

Service Oriented Applications/Systems

Service Oriented Infrastructure

How SOA Affect Enterprise EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA SOA introduces a paradigm shift to enterprise Manage business functions into loosely coupled services to reduce complexities and lessen the impact of changes SOA introduces changes to traditional organization culture and management mechanisms Break stove pipes to enable collaboration Achieve long-term benefits instead of short-term ones SOA can optimize enterprise operational cost Shared services Enable separate business functions from IT infrastructure and technology improvement (via layered architecture) SOA can enhance enterprise lifecycle and governance by introducing service life cycle and governance Enable better scope for measurement and control

SOA introduces a paradigm shift to enterprise

Manage business functions into loosely coupled services to reduce complexities and lessen the impact of changes

SOA introduces changes to traditional organization culture and management mechanisms

Break stove pipes to enable collaboration

Achieve long-term benefits instead of short-term ones

SOA can optimize enterprise operational cost

Shared services

Enable separate business functions from IT infrastructure and technology improvement (via layered architecture)

SOA can enhance enterprise lifecycle and governance by introducing service life cycle and governance

Enable better scope for measurement and control

Apply SOA to Architecture and Planning EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA The Challenges in Enterprise Architecture Practice How SOA can mitigates EA challenges Modeling EA in a service-oriented manner – Service Oriented EA (SOEA) Simplify SOEA modeling via horizontal and vertical partition –> domain segmentation and service federation

The Challenges in Enterprise Architecture Practice

How SOA can mitigates EA challenges

Modeling EA in a service-oriented manner – Service Oriented EA (SOEA)

Simplify SOEA modeling via horizontal and vertical partition –> domain segmentation and service federation

EA Practice Challenge: Stakeholder participation Lack of Stakeholder Participation, due to Traditional culture Background of people Organization structure Competing priorities Value proposition Lack of clear guidance for collaboration in Target picture Work direction Roles and responsibilities Effective approach and methods Increase Stakeholder participation Easier communication through service-oriented concept Break organization boundaries via common services Reduce cost via shareable and reusable services Paint a Clear Picture for Collaboration by Common service infrastructure Common functional services Clarification of roles and responsibilities regarding to services Self-sufficient service components with manageable scope in organizational level Enterprise Architecture SOA EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

Lack of Stakeholder Participation, due to

Traditional culture

Background of people

Organization structure

Competing priorities

Value proposition

Lack of clear guidance for collaboration in

Target picture

Work direction

Roles and responsibilities

Effective approach and methods

Increase Stakeholder participation

Easier communication through service-oriented concept

Break organization boundaries via common services

Reduce cost via shareable and reusable services

Paint a Clear Picture for Collaboration by

Common service infrastructure

Common functional services

Clarification of roles and responsibilities regarding to services

Self-sufficient service components with manageable scope in organizational level

EA Practice Challenge: Architecture Modeling How to Model big picture Depth and breadth of architecture scope Model matches audience Not to jump into details too quickly and lost big picture Produce meaningful models and conceptual abstraction EA .vs. engineering process EA approaches and methodologies .vs. framework EA uniqueness for each enterprise Insight and vision Skilled architect for conceptual models SOA can simplify big picture description Atomic service components Loosely coupled, not hard-wired Depth and breadth are covered by flexible layered services SOA makes EA envisioning, planning, and modeling easier via Componentized and layered services Loosely coupling Iterative development Matching different skills to different Services in different layers Enterprise Architecture SOA EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

How to Model big picture

Depth and breadth of architecture scope

Model matches audience

Not to jump into details too quickly and lost big picture

Produce meaningful models and conceptual abstraction

EA .vs. engineering process

EA approaches and methodologies .vs. framework

EA uniqueness for each enterprise

Insight and vision

Skilled architect for conceptual models

SOA can simplify big picture description

Atomic service components

Loosely coupled, not hard-wired

Depth and breadth are covered by flexible layered services

SOA makes EA envisioning, planning, and modeling easier via

Componentized and layered services

Loosely coupling

Iterative development

Matching different skills to different Services in different layers

EA Practice Challenge: Architecture Usage Lack of EA product acceptance due to lack of Stakeholder participation Value proposition The relevance of EA to specific projects Gap analysis Need flexible EA framework that can Connect the EA products and components together Incorporate changes along the way Be flexible SOA increase EA products acceptance by Better facilitate stakeholders’ participation Enable better ROI estimate across full spectrum of SOA benefits in a composite way Help to fill the gaps between EA products and individual project by layered services SOA enables a flexible framework by Componentized services Components loosely coupling Dynamic service plug-in and update Enterprise Architecture SOA EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

Lack of EA product acceptance due to lack of

Stakeholder participation

Value proposition

The relevance of EA to specific projects

Gap analysis

Need flexible EA framework that can

Connect the EA products and components together

Incorporate changes along the way

Be flexible

SOA increase EA products acceptance by

Better facilitate stakeholders’ participation

Enable better ROI estimate across full spectrum of SOA benefits in a composite way

Help to fill the gaps between EA products and individual project by layered services

SOA enables a flexible framework by

Componentized services

Components loosely coupling

Dynamic service plug-in and update

EA Practice Challenge: Architecture Maintenance and Management Challenge in EA lifecycle management and governance Uniqueness and value for each organization Time and resource constraints Effective tools Challenge in Resources EA needs very special skill set The bias from either technical or business perspectives Need artistic ability with vision and insight to present reality via representational models Lack of EA curricula in Universities SOA based lifecycle management and service governance are easier by Incorporating architecture maintenance into service lifecycle Tools are developed rapidly for service lifecycle management and governance SOA can ease the EA resource pain by Matching skills to manageable service scopes and layers Ease the increasing demands for breadth in architecture competencies Enterprise Architecture SOA EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

Challenge in EA lifecycle management and governance

Uniqueness and value for each organization

Time and resource constraints

Effective tools

Challenge in Resources

EA needs very special skill set

The bias from either technical or business perspectives

Need artistic ability with vision and insight to present reality via representational models

Lack of EA curricula in Universities

SOA based lifecycle management and service governance are easier by

Incorporating architecture maintenance into service lifecycle

Tools are developed rapidly for service lifecycle management and governance

SOA can ease the EA resource pain by

Matching skills to manageable service scopes and layers

Ease the increasing demands for breadth in architecture competencies

Service Oriented Enterprise Architecture Model EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA Reference Architecture (FEA) EA for an Enterprise Service Oriented EA Performance Reference Model (PRM) Business Reference Model (BRM) Service Component Reference Model (SRM) Data Reference Model (DRM) Technical Reference Model (TRM) Performance Model Business Architecture Application /System Architecture Data Architecture Technical Architecture Service Performance Model Business Service Architecture Service Component Architecture Data Service Architecture Technical Service Architecture

EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA Organization A Unique Domain Federated Service Domain (Core) Organizational Domain One Service Segment across Organizations Organization B Unique Domain Organization C Unique Domain Organization D Unique Domain Service Segmentation and Federation Enterprise Architecture & Service Domain for Entire Enterprise Common Service Domain: Common Services for A and B Shared Services Across Agencies

Enterprise Service Portfolio Management EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA Enterprise service portfolio management should be built into strategy and governance The enterprise service portfolio should take input from enterprise architecture Evolve application portfolio management to service portfolio management with services being categorized and being described in layers Manage service portfolio lifecycle: planned services, current services, obsolete services

Enterprise service portfolio management should be built into strategy and governance

The enterprise service portfolio should take input from enterprise architecture

Evolve application portfolio management to service portfolio management with services being categorized and being described in layers

Manage service portfolio lifecycle: planned services, current services, obsolete services

Enterprise Service Lifecycle Management EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA Service Planning & Architecture Service Development Service Deployment Service Operation Design Time Run Time ESOA Drivers: Business & IT goals, objectives , & requirements Enterprise Service Governance

Enterprise Service Governance EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA Enterprise Governance IT Governance Enterprise Service Governance Enterprise Governance Governance structure, roles, and responsibility Governance policies Governance processes Governance measurements IT Governance IT governance structure, roles, and responsibility IT governance policies IT governance processes IT governance measurements Enterprise Service Governance Cross enterprise and IT regarding to service planning & architecture, development, deployment and operation

Governance structure, roles, and responsibility

Governance policies

Governance processes

Governance measurements

IT governance structure, roles, and responsibility

IT governance policies

IT governance processes

IT governance measurements

ROI for business agility ROI for asset reuse ROI for Common Infrastructure ROI from reduced development and integration cost ROI from maintenance cost ROI from risk mitigation Establish ROI EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA Understand the full spectrum of SOA Benefits Objectives for each service Cost for each service implementation Direct and indirect returns from the service Additional ROI obtained from reuse Assess ROI iteratively and compositely IT Strategic Planning Reference Matrix for ROI Performance Measurement inputs inputs guidance guidance

ROI for business agility

ROI for asset reuse

ROI for Common Infrastructure

ROI from reduced development and integration cost

ROI from maintenance cost

ROI from risk mitigation

Objectives for each service

Cost for each service implementation

Direct and indirect returns from the service

Additional ROI obtained from reuse

Service Oriented Enterprise Architecture Service Oriented Enterprise Service Oriented Applications/Systems Apply SOA to application and system services Apply SOA to data services Federated Service Infrastructure Service Oriented Infrastructure EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

Service Oriented Enterprise

Service Oriented Applications/Systems

Apply SOA to application and system services

Apply SOA to data services

Federated Service Infrastructure

Service Oriented Infrastructure

Service Oriented Application Architecture EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA * from CBDI Journal

Composite Application EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA Source: IBM

Service Oriented Data Architecture: Data as a Service EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA User Interface Application Data ESB Functional Service 1 Data Data Service Functional Service 2 Service Composition Service Registry Portal Service Three-tier architecture: SOA with data service:

EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA Service Registry & Metadata Repository Service Consumer A Enterprise & Business Service Bus Orchestration & BPM Transformation Security Governance Policy Management Transport Content-based Routing Service Component A Service Consumer B Service Component B Service Component C Event Handling Middleware External Event Internal Event Federated Service Infrastructure

Service Oriented Enterprise Architecture Service Oriented Enterprise Service Oriented Applications/Systems Service Oriented Infrastructure The changing roles of IT and IT infrastructure Apply SOA to IT infrastructure -> SOI Service Oriented Infrastructure Framework Integrate SOI Framework with ITIL EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

Service Oriented Enterprise

Service Oriented Applications/Systems

Service Oriented Infrastructure

The changing roles of IT and IT infrastructure

Apply SOA to IT infrastructure -> SOI

Service Oriented Infrastructure Framework

Integrate SOI Framework with ITIL

The Changing Role of IT and IT Infrastructure IT in Business Past Operation support Individual project based decision Ad hoc and technology driven implementation Current Involved into business strategies and decisions (the agility of business depends heavily on the flexibility of IT for automation) Have long-term blueprint and big pictures as guidance (strategic plan and EA) IT Infrastructure Past: hardware, software, and network components Current: as a line of business separate functional areas from infrastructure commodity, move commonly shared services to infrastructure Enterprise Architecture for IT Infrastructure EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

IT in Business

Past

Operation support

Individual project based decision

Ad hoc and technology driven implementation

Current

Involved into business strategies and decisions (the agility of business depends heavily on the flexibility of IT for automation)

Have long-term blueprint and big pictures as guidance (strategic plan and EA)

IT Infrastructure

Past: hardware, software, and network components

Current: as a line of business

separate functional areas from infrastructure commodity,

move commonly shared services to infrastructure

Enterprise Architecture for IT Infrastructure

EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA Business Evolution Associated with IT Business Online Integrated Business Business On Demand Web access via static web pages -Web access with web applications -Online transactions with connections to backend applications Online Presentation Integration of both business and IT Backend IT system integration (interoperation across Systems, e.g. EAI) Business integration (Business process across organizational stove pipes, SOA) The Evolution Path Collaborative and dynamic business Flexible IT infrastructure (SOI, IPv6, mobility, virtualization) Dynamic and adaptive business processes (EDA, service on demand) Enhanced IT Role in Business

SOI and SOI Framework SOI is to apply SOA to IT Infrastructure SOI facilitates the implementation and operation of SOA-based applications and shared services SOI Framework Provide reference for IT infrastructure segment enterprise architecture Provide practice reference for SOI Provide IT strategic and tactical plan input regarding to IT infrastructure Provide foundation for IT infrastructure modernization EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

SOI is to apply SOA to IT Infrastructure

SOI facilitates the implementation and operation of SOA-based applications and shared services

SOI Framework

Provide reference for IT infrastructure segment enterprise architecture

Provide practice reference for SOI

Provide IT strategic and tactical plan input regarding to IT infrastructure

Provide foundation for IT infrastructure modernization

Service Oriented Infrastructure Framework EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA Service Planning Service Systems Service Management Service Stakeholders (Strategy, Architecture) (System Design & Implementation) (Deployment & Operation) (Cross All Services) Service Oriented Infrastructure External and Internal drivers Strategies and objectives Economics and business cases Business plan and models LoB Enterprise Architectures Performance measurement model Governance System operation management IT service management (ITIL) IT service lifecycle management Business transformation and change management Contractual management Business processes and services Application services Data services Infrastructure services Servers, storages, networks Data center facilities Business decision makers Service providers Service consumers Elected officials and regulatory bodies Industry associations and standards groups Security

External and Internal drivers

Strategies and objectives

Economics and business cases

Business plan and models

LoB Enterprise Architectures

Performance measurement model

System operation management

IT service management (ITIL)

IT service lifecycle management

Business transformation and change management

Contractual management

Business processes and services

Application services

Data services

Infrastructure services

Servers, storages, networks

Data center facilities

Business decision makers

Service providers

Service consumers

Elected officials and regulatory bodies

Industry associations and standards groups

Service Systems Support Layered Services For example, for the systems to support business collaboration service, its layered service description could be : Business service: enterprise collaboration service Application services: video conferencing service, enterprise messaging service, voice service, web-based collaboration, etc. Infrastructure services: unified communications, server virtualization, security, etc. Physical level services: network, servers, data center, etc. EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

For example, for the systems to support business collaboration service, its layered service description could be :

Business service: enterprise collaboration service

Application services: video conferencing service, enterprise messaging service, voice service, web-based collaboration, etc.

Infrastructure services: unified communications, server virtualization, security, etc.

Physical level services: network, servers, data center, etc.

Conclusion Following topics are discussed, which provides a reference for how SOA can help Enterprise Architecture Practice: EA and SOA background How SOA can help EA via a SOEA model SOEA context and content SOEA practice in enterprise, applications and systems, infrastructure services SOEA management: lifecycle, governance, ROI EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

Following topics are discussed, which provides a reference for how SOA can help Enterprise Architecture Practice:

EA and SOA background

How SOA can help EA via a SOEA model

SOEA context and content

SOEA practice in enterprise, applications and systems, infrastructure services

SOEA management: lifecycle, governance, ROI