The document discusses how service-oriented architecture (SOA) can help enterprise architecture (EA) practices. It proposes a service-oriented enterprise architecture (SOEA) model that represents architectures in a modular, layered manner using loosely coupled services. Applying SOA principles can help address common EA challenges by simplifying modeling, increasing stakeholder participation, and enabling flexible architecture maintenance and governance.

1. How SOA Can Help EA Yan Zhao, Ph.D Enterprise Architecture and IT Strategy Current Affiliation: Mitre Corporation Enterprise Architecture Conference 2008 The IT & Business Alignment Forum November 10 -13, 2008, Las Vegas, NV

2. Presentation Outline The current trend Enterprise Architecture, SOA, and their relationships Apply SOA to Enterprise Architecture – Service Oriented Enterprise Architecture Service Oriented Enterprise Service Oriented Applications and Systems Service Oriented Infrastructure EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

3. Current Trend Internet Era Businesses are more agile, geographical limitations are diminishing Increasing needs in collaboration and information sharing to enable the “link” Old systems with stove-piped design need to be modernized Information Revolution Comparing to Industry Revolution age, we are in an Information Revolution age now Business relies more on information Need more organized and efficient ways for information processing and utilization SOA is the current state of art, is leading a new paradigm shift Promotes collaboration, service and info sharing, IT flexibility, and business agility EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

4. The Purpose of Enterprise Architecture Have a blueprint and long-term guidance Facilitate decision making Support enterprise modernization efforts Enhance collaboration and interoperation Streamline business processes and technology implementations across the enterprise Enable resource sharing and cost efficiency by identify common and sharable components and services EA for an enterprise .vs. city plan for a city EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

5. Enterprise Architecture in Context EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA Enterprise Architecture (Component-Based Service-Oriented) Business Operations Strategic Planning (Business & IT) Solution Architecture (SOA) Performance Management Capital Planning Investment Control Project & Program Management future current result-oriented

6. Enterprise Architecture Components and Enterprise Life Cycle Technical Reference Model (TRM) Data Reference Model (DRM) Service Component Reference Model (SRM) Business Reference Model (BRM) Performance Reference Model (PRM) Application/ System Architecture Business Architecture Performance Model Strategic Planning Capital Planning & Investment Control IT Initiatives FEA EA for an Enterprise Performance Measurement Enterprise IT Planning & Operation Life Cycle Technical Architecture Data Architecture How SOA Can Help EA EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D

7. What is SOA SOA is an architectural style and modeling approach that EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA Emphasizes well-defined, loosely coupled, reusable and shareable services Coarse-grained, business-centric services Layered technology services Componentized SOA, as a practical modeling approach, it suits enterprise architecture (EA) development very well It helps in bridging EA with solution architecture and implementation by layered service components across business models, application models, and technology implementation

8. Relationships: EA, SOA & Web Service Enterprise Architecture: It’s a subject domain that is independent of approaches and methodologies for its development and presentation. Service-Oriented Architecture: It’s a architecture style that describe businesses and systems with service-orientation. Web Services: It’s a technology that enables us to implement applications in a service-oriented way. EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

9. Service Oriented Architecture Adoption in an Enterprise Service Oriented Enterprise How SOA affects enterprise Apply SOA to architectures and planning Apply SOA to enterprise service portfolio management Apply SOA to lifecycle, governance, and ROI Service Oriented Applications/Systems Apply SOA to application and system services Apply SOA to data services Apply SOA to federated Service Infrastructure Service Oriented Infrastructure Apply SOA to IT infrastructure -> SOI Service Oriented Infrastructure Framework Integrate SOI framework with ITIL *This indicates how SOA can be applied to EA EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

10. Service Oriented Enterprise Architecture Service Oriented Enterprise How SOA affects enterprise Apply SOA to architectures and planning Apply SOA to enterprise service portfolio management Apply SOA to lifecycle, governance, ROI Service Oriented Applications/Systems Service Oriented Infrastructure EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

11. How SOA Affect Enterprise EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA SOA introduces a paradigm shift to enterprise Manage business functions into loosely coupled services to reduce complexities and lessen the impact of changes SOA introduces changes to traditional organization culture and management mechanisms Break stove pipes to enable collaboration Achieve long-term benefits instead of short-term ones SOA can optimize enterprise operational cost Shared services Enable separate business functions from IT infrastructure and technology improvement (via layered architecture) SOA can enhance enterprise lifecycle and governance by introducing service life cycle and governance Enable better scope for measurement and control

12. Apply SOA to Architecture and Planning EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA The Challenges in Enterprise Architecture Practice How SOA can mitigates EA challenges Modeling EA in a service-oriented manner – Service Oriented EA (SOEA) Simplify SOEA modeling via horizontal and vertical partition –> domain segmentation and service federation

13. EA Practice Challenge: Stakeholder participation Lack of Stakeholder Participation, due to Traditional culture Background of people Organization structure Competing priorities Value proposition Lack of clear guidance for collaboration in Target picture Work direction Roles and responsibilities Effective approach and methods Increase Stakeholder participation Easier communication through service-oriented concept Break organization boundaries via common services Reduce cost via shareable and reusable services Paint a Clear Picture for Collaboration by Common service infrastructure Common functional services Clarification of roles and responsibilities regarding to services Self-sufficient service components with manageable scope in organizational level Enterprise Architecture SOA EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

14. EA Practice Challenge: Architecture Modeling How to Model big picture Depth and breadth of architecture scope Model matches audience Not to jump into details too quickly and lost big picture Produce meaningful models and conceptual abstraction EA .vs. engineering process EA approaches and methodologies .vs. framework EA uniqueness for each enterprise Insight and vision Skilled architect for conceptual models SOA can simplify big picture description Atomic service components Loosely coupled, not hard-wired Depth and breadth are covered by flexible layered services SOA makes EA envisioning, planning, and modeling easier via Componentized and layered services Loosely coupling Iterative development Matching different skills to different Services in different layers Enterprise Architecture SOA EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

15. EA Practice Challenge: Architecture Usage Lack of EA product acceptance due to lack of Stakeholder participation Value proposition The relevance of EA to specific projects Gap analysis Need flexible EA framework that can Connect the EA products and components together Incorporate changes along the way Be flexible SOA increase EA products acceptance by Better facilitate stakeholders’ participation Enable better ROI estimate across full spectrum of SOA benefits in a composite way Help to fill the gaps between EA products and individual project by layered services SOA enables a flexible framework by Componentized services Components loosely coupling Dynamic service plug-in and update Enterprise Architecture SOA EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

16. EA Practice Challenge: Architecture Maintenance and Management Challenge in EA lifecycle management and governance Uniqueness and value for each organization Time and resource constraints Effective tools Challenge in Resources EA needs very special skill set The bias from either technical or business perspectives Need artistic ability with vision and insight to present reality via representational models Lack of EA curricula in Universities SOA based lifecycle management and service governance are easier by Incorporating architecture maintenance into service lifecycle Tools are developed rapidly for service lifecycle management and governance SOA can ease the EA resource pain by Matching skills to manageable service scopes and layers Ease the increasing demands for breadth in architecture competencies Enterprise Architecture SOA EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

17. Service Oriented Enterprise Architecture Model EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA Reference Architecture (FEA) EA for an Enterprise Service Oriented EA Performance Reference Model (PRM) Business Reference Model (BRM) Service Component Reference Model (SRM) Data Reference Model (DRM) Technical Reference Model (TRM) Performance Model Business Architecture Application /System Architecture Data Architecture Technical Architecture Service Performance Model Business Service Architecture Service Component Architecture Data Service Architecture Technical Service Architecture

18. EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA Organization A Unique Domain Federated Service Domain (Core) Organizational Domain One Service Segment across Organizations Organization B Unique Domain Organization C Unique Domain Organization D Unique Domain Service Segmentation and Federation Enterprise Architecture & Service Domain for Entire Enterprise Common Service Domain: Common Services for A and B Shared Services Across Agencies

19. Enterprise Service Portfolio Management EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA Enterprise service portfolio management should be built into strategy and governance The enterprise service portfolio should take input from enterprise architecture Evolve application portfolio management to service portfolio management with services being categorized and being described in layers Manage service portfolio lifecycle: planned services, current services, obsolete services

20. Enterprise Service Lifecycle Management EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA Service Planning & Architecture Service Development Service Deployment Service Operation Design Time Run Time ESOA Drivers: Business & IT goals, objectives , & requirements Enterprise Service Governance

21. Enterprise Service Governance EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA Enterprise Governance IT Governance Enterprise Service Governance Enterprise Governance Governance structure, roles, and responsibility Governance policies Governance processes Governance measurements IT Governance IT governance structure, roles, and responsibility IT governance policies IT governance processes IT governance measurements Enterprise Service Governance Cross enterprise and IT regarding to service planning & architecture, development, deployment and operation

22. ROI for business agility ROI for asset reuse ROI for Common Infrastructure ROI from reduced development and integration cost ROI from maintenance cost ROI from risk mitigation Establish ROI EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA Understand the full spectrum of SOA Benefits Objectives for each service Cost for each service implementation Direct and indirect returns from the service Additional ROI obtained from reuse Assess ROI iteratively and compositely IT Strategic Planning Reference Matrix for ROI Performance Measurement inputs inputs guidance guidance

23. Service Oriented Enterprise Architecture Service Oriented Enterprise Service Oriented Applications/Systems Apply SOA to application and system services Apply SOA to data services Federated Service Infrastructure Service Oriented Infrastructure EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

24. Service Oriented Application Architecture EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA * from CBDI Journal

25. Composite Application EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA Source: IBM

26. Service Oriented Data Architecture: Data as a Service EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA User Interface Application Data ESB Functional Service 1 Data Data Service Functional Service 2 Service Composition Service Registry Portal Service Three-tier architecture: SOA with data service:

27. EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA Service Registry & Metadata Repository Service Consumer A Enterprise & Business Service Bus Orchestration & BPM Transformation Security Governance Policy Management Transport Content-based Routing Service Component A Service Consumer B Service Component B Service Component C Event Handling Middleware External Event Internal Event Federated Service Infrastructure

28. Service Oriented Enterprise Architecture Service Oriented Enterprise Service Oriented Applications/Systems Service Oriented Infrastructure The changing roles of IT and IT infrastructure Apply SOA to IT infrastructure -> SOI Service Oriented Infrastructure Framework Integrate SOI Framework with ITIL EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

29. The Changing Role of IT and IT Infrastructure IT in Business Past Operation support Individual project based decision Ad hoc and technology driven implementation Current Involved into business strategies and decisions (the agility of business depends heavily on the flexibility of IT for automation) Have long-term blueprint and big pictures as guidance (strategic plan and EA) IT Infrastructure Past: hardware, software, and network components Current: as a line of business separate functional areas from infrastructure commodity, move commonly shared services to infrastructure Enterprise Architecture for IT Infrastructure EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

30. EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA Business Evolution Associated with IT Business Online Integrated Business Business On Demand Web access via static web pages -Web access with web applications -Online transactions with connections to backend applications Online Presentation Integration of both business and IT Backend IT system integration (interoperation across Systems, e.g. EAI) Business integration (Business process across organizational stove pipes, SOA) The Evolution Path Collaborative and dynamic business Flexible IT infrastructure (SOI, IPv6, mobility, virtualization) Dynamic and adaptive business processes (EDA, service on demand) Enhanced IT Role in Business

31. SOI and SOI Framework SOI is to apply SOA to IT Infrastructure SOI facilitates the implementation and operation of SOA-based applications and shared services SOI Framework Provide reference for IT infrastructure segment enterprise architecture Provide practice reference for SOI Provide IT strategic and tactical plan input regarding to IT infrastructure Provide foundation for IT infrastructure modernization EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

32. Service Oriented Infrastructure Framework EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA Service Planning Service Systems Service Management Service Stakeholders (Strategy, Architecture) (System Design & Implementation) (Deployment & Operation) (Cross All Services) Service Oriented Infrastructure External and Internal drivers Strategies and objectives Economics and business cases Business plan and models LoB Enterprise Architectures Performance measurement model Governance System operation management IT service management (ITIL) IT service lifecycle management Business transformation and change management Contractual management Business processes and services Application services Data services Infrastructure services Servers, storages, networks Data center facilities Business decision makers Service providers Service consumers Elected officials and regulatory bodies Industry associations and standards groups Security

33. Service Systems Support Layered Services For example, for the systems to support business collaboration service, its layered service description could be : Business service: enterprise collaboration service Application services: video conferencing service, enterprise messaging service, voice service, web-based collaboration, etc. Infrastructure services: unified communications, server virtualization, security, etc. Physical level services: network, servers, data center, etc. EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA

34. Conclusion Following topics are discussed, which provides a reference for how SOA can help Enterprise Architecture Practice: EA and SOA background How SOA can help EA via a SOEA model SOEA context and content SOEA practice in enterprise, applications and systems, infrastructure services SOEA management: lifecycle, governance, ROI EAC 2008, Yan Zhao, Ph.D How SOA Can Help EA