This is a PowerPoint presentation about Ethiopia's lack of access to clean water and how household filters can provide a solution.

1. Clean Water for a
Healthy Ethiopia

2. Do you know unsafe water
is responsible…
Image source:tukurtukurfoundation.com
For the loss of 25,000 under-fives
per year in Ethiopia alone?

3. Why ?
 Many people lack
access to pure
drinking water
relayed on unsafe
water source.
Source: WASH, 2024
populati
on
accessin
g clean
water
57%
populati
on not
accessin
g clean
water
43%
PERCENTAGE OF WATER
SUPPLY COVERAGE IN
ETHIOPIA

4. Unawareness Dirty water
source
Improper
handling
Improper
waste
disposal
What brings this about?
60- 80% of Health problems are due to unsafe water
The cause of 14% of under-five deaths.
92%
88%
Rural areas Urban areas
Percentages
Water treatment Practice
in Ethiopia
Sources:
WHO, 2024
WASH, 2024
Atumo, 2024
CSA, 2016

5. How can we
solve it?
Image: creativecommons.org

6. Ceramic and bio-sand
filters(CF and BSF)
BSF removes pathogens, iron, turbidity, and
manganese from drinking water using sand
and gravel to filter water.
A ceramic filter uses tiny pores on a ceramic
surface to filter bacteria and sediment out of
drinking water.
Image: creativecommons.org

7. Effectiveness of ceramic
and bio-sand water filters
• Both CFs and BSF were found to
reduce contaminants in a laboratory
trial.
• Both methods were found to be
effective during field sampling to
reduce borne illnesses.
Sources:
Maropeng et al., 2018
Brown & Sobsey, 2009
Abebe et al., 2014
Stauber et al., 2006
93%
96%
80%
99%
DISEASE REDUCTION MICROBIAL REDUCTION
FILTERATION METHOD
CWFS AND BSFS BY
FILTERATION METHOD
CWFs BSFs

8. Beyond effectiveness,
feasibility?
Easily
available
Affordable Sustainable
Sources:
Freitas,2022
Ren,2013

9. Equipping the community
Collaboration Training the
community
Designing
projects

10. Take away
Let's turn water from a deadly
force into an ingredient for
survival for millions.

11. Thank
you

12. References
Abebe, L. S., Smith, J. A., Narkiewicz, S., Oyanedel-
Craver, V., Conaway, M., Singo, A., Amidou, S.,
Mojapelo, P., Brant, J., & Dillingham, R. (2014).
Ceramic water filters impregnated with silver
nanoparticles as a point-of-use water-treatment
intervention for HIV-positive individuals in Limpopo
Province, South Africa: A pilot study of technological
performance and human health benefits. Journal of Water
and Health, 12(2), 288–300.
https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2013.185
Ante, A. A., Bogale, G. A., & Adem, B. M. (2023).
Bacteriological and physicochemical quality of drinking
water and associated risk factors in Ethiopia. Cogent
Food & Agriculture, 9(1).
https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2219473
Bipin Dangol (Environment and Public Health Organization &
Dorothee Spuhler (seecon international gmbh). (n.d.).
Biosand Filter. SSWM - Find Tools for Sustainable

13. Brown, J., & Sobsey, M. D. (2009). Microbiological effectiveness
of locally produced ceramic filters for drinking water
treatment in Cambodia. Journal of Water and Health, 8(1), 1–
10. https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.007
CSA. (2016). Central Statistical Agency (CSA) [Ethiopia] and ICF.
Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. Addis Ababa. USA.
www.DHSprogram.com Damtew, Y. T., & Geremew, A. (2020).
Households with unimproved water sources in Ethiopia: Spatial
variation and point-of-use treatment based on 2016 Demographic
and Health Survey. Environmental Health and Preventive
Medicine, 25(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-020-
00921-1
Delaire, C., Peletz, R., Kumpel, E., Kisiangani, J., Bain, R., &
Khush, R. (2017). How much will it cost to monitor microbial
drinking water quality in Sub-Saharan Africa? Environmental
Science & Technology, 51(11), 5869–5878.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b06442 6
For every child, clean water! (n.d.). UNICEF Ethiopia.
https://www.unicef.org/ethiopia/everychild-clean-water
Freitas, B. L. S., Terin, U. C., Fava, N., Maciel, P. M. F.,
Garcia, L. a. T., Medeiros, R. C., De Oliveira, M. A.,
Fernández‐Ibáñez, P., Byrne, J., & Sabogal-Paz, L. P. (2022). A
critical overview of household slow sand filters for water
treatment. Water Research, 208, 117870.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117870

14. Moropeng, R. C., Budeli, P., Mpenyana-Monyatsi, L., & Momba, M. N. B. (2018). Dramatic
reduction in diarrhoeal diseases through implementation of cost-effective household
drinking water treatment systems in Makwane village, Limpopo province, South Africa.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(3).
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030410
Ren, D., Colosi, L. M., & Smith, J. A. (2013). Evaluating the sustainability of ceramic
filters for Point-of-Use Drinking Water treatment. Environmental Science & Technology,
47(19), 11206–11213. https://doi.org/10.1021/es4026084
Stauber, C. E., Elliot, M. A., Koksal, F., Ortiz, G. M., DiGiano, F. A., & Sobsey, M. D.
(2006). Characterisation of the biosand filter for E. coli reductions from household
drinking water under controlled laboratory and field use conditions. Water Science and
Technology, 54(3), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.440
Steven, J. a. C., Thorn, R., Robinson, G., Turner, D., Lee, J. E., & Reynolds, D. M. (2022).
The control of waterborne pathogenic bacteria in fresh water using a biologically active
filter. Npj Clean Water, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-022-00169-y
WASH. (2024, March 21). WHO | Regional Office for Africa.
https://www.afro.who.int/healthtopics/ethiopia-water-sanitation-and-hygine-wash
WHO. (2024, March 20). Household water treatment and safe storage.
https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/water-sanitation-
andhealth/water-safety-and-quality/household-water-treatment-and-safe-storage World Health
Organization. (2022). Surveillance. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality - NCBI Bookshelf.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK579449