The document discusses the large problem of access to clean drinking water and sanitation in India, noting statistics on water-borne diseases and the hundreds of millions of people without access. It then provides details on various technologies and approaches that could help address this issue, such as rainwater harvesting techniques, water filters, and monitoring water quality. A group of 5 people aims to help solve this problem through their discussion on the topic.

1. Manthan Topic : Providing clean drinking water and proper
sanitation facility to all
Team Details
1) Ajinkya Shirbhate (coordinator)
2) Jhapendra Rana
3) Vikas Agrawal
4) Suresh Choudhary
5) Shivshankar Gupta
Towards Cleaner India

2.  1.7 million (22% of world total) of the Under-5
children that died in 2010 were Indian.
 Diarrhea in one among the largest killer
diseases (13% deaths).
 Worldwide over 80% of diarrheal deaths are
due to unsafe water, inadequate sanitation
and poor hygiene.
 India has around 81.4 crore people without
safe sanitation.
 Over 50% of India or 63.8 crore people
defecate in the open, as against 7% in
Bangladesh.
 9.7 crore people in the country lack access to
safe drinking water.
 Water-borne diseases have been claiming the
lives of about 15 lakh children annually.
 During the course of the 20th century, global
water consumption rose six fold, more than
double the rate of population growth. India is
expanding by 200 million people every year.
 A report by the Indian Urban Development
Ministery shows that as many as 4,861 of the
5,161 cities across the country do not have
even a partial sewage network.
Global Child Mortality: Estimates of Levels and
Causes for 2000-2010 (preliminary results)-
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns
Hopkins University.
Why Clean Water And Sanitation ?

3. How Bigger The Problem is ?
WATER
 88 per cent of the population of 1.2 billion
has access to drinking water from
improved sources in 2008, as compared to
68 per cent in 1990.
 Only a quarter the total population in
India has drinking water on their premise.
 Women, who have to collect the drinking
water, are vulnerable to a number of
unsafe practices. Only 13 per cent of adult
males collect water.
 Sixty seven per cent of Indian households
do not treat their drinking water, even
though it could be chemically or
bacterially contaminated
SANITATION
 Only 31 per cent of India’s population use
improved sanitation (2008)
 In rural India 21 per cent use improved
sanitation facilities (2008)
 One Hundred Forty Five million people in
rural India gained access to improved
sanitation between 1990-2008
 Two hundred and Eleven Million people
gained access to improved sanitation in
whole of India between 1990-2008
 India is home to 638 million people
defecating in the open; over 50 per cent
of the population.
 In Bangladesh and Brazil, only seven per
cent of the population defecate in the
open. In China, only four per cent of the
population defecate in the open.

4. MDG Sanitation Target

5. To Provide Safe Drinking Water
 Planning at country level to achieve the target
─ Ownership and governance / Promotion of political will
 Providing safe drinking water supply
─ Full use of traditional system and site-specific technologies
 Maintenance of existing systems
─ Rehabilitation and improved operation and maintenance of existing
systems
 Compulsory rain water harvesting in for each and every Building of every
city.
 Proper Rain water Collection planning.
 Capacity building
─ Human resources and institutional building
─ Synergy among partners

6. Rain Water harvesting Techniques
a) Open well method b) Bore well method c) Percolation / Recharge pit
e) Percolation/Recharge pit with bore d) Roof water pipe to well
f) Recharge trench
g) Recharge trench with bore
h) Recharge well cum bore
I ) Recharge shaft

7. Climate,
Culture,
Public
Acceptance
Socio-
economics
Technology
Water
Resources,
Natural
Environment
Keys to Sustainable Progress in Sanitation
To Improve Sanitation
 Expanding & improving
sanitation services which should be
affordable and socially and
culturally acceptable.
 Promoting safe hygiene,
Education & Practices.
 Develop Technical and Financial
Capability
Flush or pour –flush to:
- piped sewer system
- septic tank
- pit latrine

8. Water Quality Monitoring
“Stages”
Online Water
Quality Monitoring
Water Quality Monitoring

9. Good Governance and Broad Participation
Government
Citizen
Private
Sector
Schools
NGOs
Community
Leaders
Other Stakeholders
Health
Workers
Mass Media
 Policy Making and Public Awareness
Institutional/Financial/Technological Arrangement
Technical
Advisors

10. 1) Life Straw
 The Life straw is a small cigar-shaped tube packed
with some truly innovative engineering.
 The Life straw is an inexpensive way to deliver
potable water to Those in need.
 This clever design purifies water from potential
pathogens like typhoid, cholera, dysentery And
Diarrhea-all Before they Reach your lips.
3) Water Purifying Bicycle
2) Ceramic Water Filters
 In 2008 UNICEF and the Water and Sanitation Program were given the
Project Innovation Award Grand Prize by the International Water
Association for providing Cambodia with ceramic water filters.
 Developed in a joint effort between WSP and UNICEF, the filters are made
from fired clay, and the tiny pores of the ceramic material are small
enough to remove virtually all bacteria and protozoa.
 The Design Utilizes
gravity to facilitate
the filtration process
resulting flow rate
1-3 liter per hour.
 Japan’s Nippon Basic Company recently introduced what they are calling, the
“Cycloclean,” a water-purifying bike initially designed for use in remote villages and
disaster zones. The Cycloclean harness kinetic energy to purify water, and users can
ride the bike to any nearby body of water for immediate access to a source of
potable drinking water.
6 Water-purifying Devices for Clean Drinking Water

11. 4) Life Sack
6) Hamster Ball-Shaped Solar ball
5) “Pure” Water Bottle Filters Water with UV Rays
 This Device Life Sack Not only does this clever
design purify water — it also doubles as a
container for shipping grains and other food
staples
 the Life sack uses SODIS (Solar Water
Disinfection Process) technology: UV-A-
radiation and the bag’s thermal treatment
process work together to kill deadly
microorganisms and bacteria in water.
 A device that is capable of filtering soiled water in two minutes by
using a combination of 4 micron-sized water filters and a wind-up
ultraviolet light system. This combinations removes up to 99.9% of
impurities from any water source, and it could be a valuable asset
for people in developing nations.
 Designed by Jonathan Liow, a graduate student at Monash University, the Solar
Ball is a cylindrical shaped device that utilizes the power of the sun to purify
water.
 When placed in the sun, the Solar ball uses evaporation to separate dirt and
contaminants. The resulting condensations yields just over three quarts of
potable water per day.
 The ball is inexpensive and relatively small in size, making it easy to transport.

12. Appendix
References
 Ministry of Rural Development
 Sites of Unicef, WHO & MDG
 Surat Municipal corporation
Third World Academy of Sciences
Naandi.org
Inhabitat.com