Lab 1 microcontroller

FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC
ENGINEERING

COMPUTER ADDED DESIGN LABORATORY

LABORATORY INSTRUCTION SHEET

DAE32203 / DEK3133
Subject Code and Name
MICROCONTROLLER

Experiment Code 01

Introduction to MPLAB, PROTEUS and
Experiment Title MikroC

Course Code DET/DEE/DEX

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Document Title LABORATORY Revision No. 1
PRACTICUM Effective Date JULY 2010
Amendment Date JULY 2010

MAKLUMAT MATAPELAJARAN

SUBJECT : DAE32203 / DEK 3133 MICROCONTROLLER

TITLE : LAB 1 – Introduction to MPLAB, Proteus and MicroC.

GOAL : To expose student with MPLAB, Proteus and MicroC software

1. OBJECTIVES

At the end of this lab session, students will :

(i) Understand the operation and the basic use of MPLAB, Micro C and Proteus.

(ii) Use MPLAB and Micro C to write program and assembly language for PIC Microcontroller.

(iii) Use MPLAB SIM and Proteus to simulate assembly and C language for PIC Microcontroller.

2. SINOPSYS

MPLAB and Micro C is a software package easy writing process and development of assembly and C
language program for PIC Microcontroller. In this lab, student will have the exposure on MPLAB and
Micro C software and learn how to manage project by using MPLAB starting and Micro C from assembly
and C language program until simulation by Proteus.

Disediakan Oleh: Disahkan Oleh:

Tandatangan : Tandatangan :

Nama : Mohamad Bin Hj. Md. Som Nama : Shamsul Bin Mohamad

Tarikh : July-2010 Tarikh : July-2010

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3. THEORY

A) MPLAB
MPLAB is comprehensive software that has editing, project management and design in it. It used in
development of embedded system application using microcontroller Microchip PICmicro and PIC.
Assembly language is a language that used for programming microcontroller. Before we programmed
these assembly language instructions into microcontroller memory, it has to convert to machine language
so that microcontroller easily understands. This conversion is done by software so called assembler in
MPLAB. This process is described in Figure 1.

Figure 1

In the MPLAB assembly language programming, numbers usually represent decimal, binary and
hexadecimal. For example, decimal number 240 is written by:
240 - decimal
0xF0 - hexadecimal
b’11110000’ - binary

Basic elements in assembly language are:
Label
Instruction
Operand
Comment

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B) PROTEUS
ISIS provides the development environment for PROTEUS VSM, our revolutionary interactive system
level simulator. This software combines mixed mode circuit simulation, micro-processor models and
interactive component models to allow the simulation of complete micro-controller based designs.
ISIS provides the means to enter the design in the first place, the architecture for real time interactive
simulation and a system for managing the source and object code associated with each project. In addition,
a number of graph objects can be placed on the schematic to enable conventional time, frequency and
swept variable simulation to be performed.

Major features of PROTEUS VSM include:
· True Mixed Mode simulation based on Berkeley SPICE3F5 with extensions for digital simulation
and
true mixed mode operation.
· Support for both interactive and graph based simulation.
· CPU Models available for popular microcontrollers such as the PIC and 8051 series.
· Interactive peripheral models include LED and LCD displays, a universal matrix keypad, an RS232
terminal and a whole library of switches, pots, lamps, LEDs etc.

MikroC is a powerful, feature rich development tool for PICmicros. It is designed to provide the
programmer with the easiest possible solution for developing applications for embedded systems,
without compromising performance or control.

C) MikroC IDE

PIC and C fit together well: PIC is the most popular 8-bit chip in the world, used in a wide variety
of applications, and C, prized for its efficiency, is the natural choice for developing embedded
systems. mikroC provides a successful match featuring highly advanced IDE, ANSI compliant
compiler, broad set of hardware libraries, comprehensive documentation, and plenty of ready-to-
run examples.

Features :

mikroC allows you to quickly develop and deploy complex applications:

• Write your C source code using the built-in Code Editor (Code and Parameter Assistants,
Syntax Highlighting, Auto Correct, Code Templates, and more…)
• Use the included mikroC libraries to dramatically speed up the development: data
acquisition, memory, displays, conversions, communications… Practically all P12, P16,

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and P18 chips are supported.
• Monitor your program structure, variables, and functions in the Code Explorer.
• Generate commented, human-readable assembly, and standard HEX compatible with all
programmers.
• Inspect program flow and debug executable logic with the integrated Debugger.

4. EQUIPMENT LIST
(1) Personal Computer (PC)
(2) MPLAB Software
(3) Mikro C Software
(4) Proteus Software

5. PROCEDURE

5.1 WRITE ASSEMBLY CODE AND SIMULATE USING MPLAB.

(A) Starting New Project

1. Start MPLAB software. Click start > Microchip > MPLAB IDE
2. MPLAB work area will appear; shows in Figure 1-1.

Figure 1-1

3. To start a new project, click Project > new. New windows of New Project will appear; shows in
Figure 1-2.

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4. Fill in Project Name as Lab1 and Project directory with c:lab1 or use Browse to choose existence
directory.

Figure 1-2

5. To write PIC assembly language program, click File > New. New windows editing will appear.
6. Write down the program 1.1 below and save it by name as lab1.asm
;**************************************************************************
PORTA EQU 05h ;This tells the assembler where the address of PORTA,
PORTB EQU 06h ;PORTB, STATUS and ADCON1
TRISA EQU 85h ;This Tell the assembler where the address of ports Direction of,
TRISB EQU 86h ;TRISA and TRISB.
STATUS EQU 03h
ADCON1 EQU 9Fh ;Address of Type of data whether Digital/Analog at PORTA
RP1 EQU 6 ;Bit 6 and 5 for bank selection in STATUS register.
RP0 EQU 5 ;To select bank 0, RP1 = 0 and RP0 = 0 {PORTA and PORTB}
;To select bank 1, RP1 = 0 and RP0 = 1 {TRISA,TRISB & ADCON1}
;To select bank 2, RP1 = 1 and RP0 = 0
;To select bank 3, RP1 = 1 and RP0 = 1
;**************************************************************************
ORG 00h ;Assembler is now set to address 0 where the main
;program is placed

;********************PIC SETUP********************************************
BSF STATUS,RP0 ;Select bank 1(To use TRISA,B and ADCON1)
MOVLW B'00000110' ;Load literal value=6 into W register

MOVWF ADCON1 ;Move the literal value into ADCON1 register.
;Now PORTA is configured as digital input
MOVLW B'00000000' ;0 is loaded into W register
MOVWF TRISB ;Now all PORTB bits are set as OUTPUT

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MOVLW B'11111111' ;move binary value 11111111 to register W
MOVWF TRISA ;Now All PORTA bits are set as INPUT
;*******************START OF MAIN PROGRAM*************************
BCF STATUS,RP0 ;Back to bank 0;(To use PORTA and PORTB)
CLRF PORTB ;Set PORTB output is 0
LOOP BTFSS PORTA,4 ;Bit test PORTA bit 4, if SET skip next line
GOTO ON ;Goto ON if button is pressed
OFF BCF PORTB,0 ;LED is OFF when button at PORTA is not pressed.
GOTO LOOP ;Go back and test the button again
ON BSF PORTB,0 ;As PORTA input is 0, mean button is pressed so
;LED at PORTB bit 0 goes ON
GOTO LOOP ;Go back to LOOP and test the button again
END ;End of code.

7. Insert file programming into this project by clicking right button Source File which shows in Figure
1-3. Choose lab1.asm file that has written.

Figure 1-3

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8. To assemble the program, firstly we have to choose types of microcontroller by clicking Configure
> Select Device, choose 16F877A.

9. Select Configure > Configuration Bits and set as shown in a figure below.

10. Click Project > Built All to assemble the program. If there is no error, then BUILD SUCCEEDED
message will appear. If there is an error, then Error message and Location will appear.

(B) Project Simulation

1. To start Simulation, click Debugger > Select Tool > MPLAB SIM. Observe the changes at the
MPLAB interface. List down the changes.

2. Click View > Watch. Watch windows (Figure 1-4) will appear. First, from pull down menu, choose
PORTA and click Add SFR button. Then choose PORTB and click Add SFR button again.

Figure 1-4

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3. Click Debugger > Animate. Observe Watch window and also Lab1.asm program window. Explain
your observation.

4. Click Debugger > Halt to stop the simulation process. Click Debugger > Reset > MCLR to reset the
program.

5. Click Debugger > Stimulus Controller > New Workbook >Asynch. A window in Figure 1-5 will
appear. At Pin/SFR column, choose RA4 pin and at Action column choose Set Low. Observe any
changes at Watch window after Animate button and Fire button is pressed. Observe any changes.

Figure 1-5

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5.2 SIMULATION THE HEX FILE USING PROTEUS

1. Open Proteus by clicking START > ALL PROGRAM > PROTEUS 7 PROFESIONAL > ISIS 7
PROFESIONAL .

Figure 1-6

2. Proteus work area will appear; shows in Figure 1-7. Select button “ P” and follow the next instructions.

Figure 1-7

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3. A window in Figure 1-8 will appear.

Figure 1-8

4. Select instruction bellows and doudle click your left mouse to input components inside category
window as shown in figure 1-9.

a) MICROPROCESSORS > PIC16F877A
b) RESISTORS > 3 WATT1K
c) OPTOELECTRONICS > LED-BIBY
d) SWITCHES & RELAYS > BUTTON

Figure 1-9

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5. Drag and drop components by clicking at “DEVICES” window to working window as shown at
figure 1-10.

Figure 1-10

6. Right click mouse and select properties for rotate the components to your suitable positions as shown at
figure 1-11.

Figure 1-11

7. Connect and wiring all components.

8. Click “Terminals Mode” button to input ‘POWER’ and ‘GROUND’ to your working space as shown at
figure 1-12.

Figure 1-12

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9. Arrange your components to suitable position and completed your work with the correct connections as
figure 1-13.

Figure 1-12

10. Save your project at different folder and named it Projek1_circuit as figure 1-14.

Figure 1-13

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Figure 1-14

11. From your working space, double click your PIC16F877A and follow the instructions number inside
figure 1-15. Setting your Edit Component window by following the step given. 1st setting frequency
to 4 MHz, 2nd click at browse button and select the hex file from the project folder created by
compiler (MPLAB or Micro C ) . 3rd click “OK”.

Figure 1-15

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11. Click DEBUG > EXECUTE to simulate your program and click DEBUG > STOP ANIMATION to
stop the program. From your window project, you can animate your program by clicking suitable
button as shown in figure 1.16. Explain your observation.

Figure 1-16

12. The complete circuit as shown as Figure 1-17.

Figure 1-17
13. To see detail what happen to PORTA, PORTB and others register, go to Debug>watch window and
add the register that you want to watch like a figure below.

Figure 1-18

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5.3 PROGRAMMING USING C LANGUAGE

1. Open Mikro C compiler as shown in figure 1-18.

Figure 1-18

2. Create a new project

• Project wizard dialog will appear – fill the dialog with
appropriate settings for your project
• Enter a name for your new project
• Choose project path,
• Enter short text which describes your project
(this is optional)
• Choose the microcontroller from drop-down menu
• Set the device clock by entering the value in edit box
(set to 4Mhz)
• Set configuration bits (device flags) by clicking default
• After you have set up your project, click OK to continue.

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3. Write the code:

‐ Compiler will create the project file and an accompanying source file, named same as your
project. This source file will be automatically opened in the code editor, so you can write the
source code. Picture below is the code editor.

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4. Type the source code below into the code editor:

5. Save the file by clicking on the save icon. To compile the source code select Project->Build from
the drop-down menu, or click the Build Icon.

6. Compiler will generate output files in the project folder. There should be 4 new files:
project1.asm, project1.lst, project1.mcl and project1.hex. The file name with *.hex file will be
used to burn into PIC flash memory or can be load into simulation software (Proteus) to simulate
the output.

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6. REPORT PREPARATION AND SCHEMA.

(1) 2 persons for 1 report.

(2) Due date to send report is 1 weeks after lab date.

(3) Report schema following below requirements:
• Lab report cover sheet for 1st page.
• Objective, theory, equipments for the 2nd page. (5) ( 5 Mark )
• Procedure lab sheet . (30)
1. Program 1.1 by MPLAB. ( 5 Mark )
2. Proteus - Circuit diagram ( 10 Mark )
3. Program 1.2 by Micro C. ( 5 Mark )
4. Flow chart of Mikro C code. ( 10 Mark )

• Observations. (35)
1. Observations when using MPLAB software. ( 15 Mark )
2. Observations when using Proteus software. ( 10 Mark )
3. Observations when using Micro C software. ( 10 Mark )

• Discussions. (20)
1. Result by using MPLAB software ( 10 Mark )
2. Result by using Proteus software ( 5 Mark )
3. Result by using Micro C software ( 5 Mark )

• Conclusions. (10) ( 10 Mark )

Lab 1 microcontroller

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