Brief Presentation about the opening and first battles of the Civil War. Followed by a little Common Core Practice. Accompanies section 11.1.

1. Section 11.1

2. Democrats struggle with their views on slavery
 Northern: Douglas prefers Platform of 1856
 Congressional noninterference with slavery
 Southern: Breckinridge gains Buchanan’s supporters
 Demand for federal protection for slavery in the
territories

4. Positioned themselves for unity and against slavery
 Condemned the actions of John Brown
 Reaffirmed their opposition to extending slavery into
the territories
 Supported a protective tariff
 More liberal naturalization laws (process by which a
non-citizen can become a citizen)
 Promoted internal improvements (including a Pacific
Railroad)

5. The last ditch effort by the remaining Whigs
 Their only platform:
“the Constitution of the Country, the Union of
the States, and the Enforcement of the Laws”

6. Sectionalism Reigns
 North was more about Lincoln v. Douglas
 South was more about Breckinridge v. Bell

8. Election of 1860
Political
Party Candidate
Popular
Vote
% Popular
Vote
Electoral
Vote
% Electoral
Vote
Republican
Abraham
Lincoln
1,865,593 39.8 180 59.4
Democrat
Stephen
Douglas
1,382,713 29.5 12 4.0
Democrat
John C.
Breckinridge
848,356 18.1 72 23.8
Constitutional
Union
John Bell 592,906 12.6 39 12.9

9. 39.8
29.5
18.1
12.6
% Popular Vote Election
of 1860
Abraham
Lincoln
Stephen
Douglas
John C.
Breckinrid
ge
John Bell
59.4
4
23.8
12.9
% Electoral Vote
Election of 1860
Abraham
Lincoln
Stephen
Douglas
John C.
Breckinrid
ge
John Bell

10. 1. November 1860
 Lincoln wins Presidency
2. December 20, 1860
 South Carolina Secedes
3. February 4, 1861
 Confederate States of American is formed (CSA)
4. February 9, 1861
 Jefferson Davis elected President of the Confederacy

11. 5. March 4, 1861
 Lincoln Inaugurated as the 16th President of the USA
6. April 12, 1861
 First shots of the Civil War fired on Ft. Sumter, SC

12.  Located in South Carolina
on an island in Charleston
harbor it was one of two
Southern forts that were
still Union but the Confederacy was demanding the fort to
surrender or face attack
 Lincoln’s decision
 he could reinforce the fort by force but then he would start armed
conflict and border states that had not seceded might then secede
 he could order an evacuation then it would look like he thought the
Confederacy a legitimate nation
 he decided to send in food for his soldiers and basically do nothing

13.  Jefferson Davis’ decision
 he could do nothing which would damage the image of the
Confederacy as an independent country
 declare war; he chose war
 Virginia would secede to the Confederacy which was a big
loss to the North as it was very populated and had good
ironworks and navy yard
 the western part of Virginia was anti-slavery so it would
form its own state and be admitted to the Union
 The fall of Fort Sumter united the North and increased
enlistment

14. Head of Union Forces
 Anderson
Head of Confederate Forces
 Beauregard
Outcome of the Battle
 Confederate Victory
Important Facts
 First Battle of the Civil War
 Increased northern enlistment
 Lincoln mobilizes troops
 South viewed as the aggressor

15.  North: (+) more resources,
more fighting power, more
factories, greater food
production, more extensive
railroads, good leadership in
Lincoln
 South: (+) “King Cotton”
brought in huge profits,
good generals, military
tradition, highly motivated
soldiers; (-) local/limited
government with resistance
to centralized authority,
states’ rights

16.  North called it the Anaconda
Plan (1) blockade Southern
ports to prevent cotton going
out and imports of
manufactured goods coming in
(2) move riverboats and armies
up and down the Mississippi to
split the Confederacy (3)
capture the Confederate capital
of Richmond, Virginia
 South: to defend itself and if
the possibility arose invade the
North
 http://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=nANJYQ9pd_Y

17.  The Union attempts to take the Confederate capital, both sides
are inexperienced
 Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson, aka Stonewall Jackson,
gained the upper hand and reinforcements arrived
 the Union army fled but the Confederates were to disorganized
to pursue more attacks
 The Confederates chose to stay at Manassas to defend their hard-
won position. Some deemed it a lost chance, believing the South
could have taken Washington DC.
 http://www.history.com/videos/first-battle-of-bull-run#first-
battle-of-bull-run

18. Head of Union Forces
 McDowell
Head of Confederate Forces
 “Stonewall” Jackson
Outcome of the Battle
 Confederate Victory
Important Facts
 Inexperienced troops on both sides
 Jackson earns his nickname
“Stonewall”
 North realizes the war will be more
difficult than originally thought

19.  After the defeat at Bull Run Lincoln increased his
enlistment and called for General George McClellan to
lead the Union army encamped near Washington
which would be known as the Army of the Potomac
 (February 1862) Union General Ulysses S. Grant, aka
Unconditional Surrender, Grant captured two
Confederate forts of Henry and Donelson
on strategic rivers

20.  Shiloh was a small
Tennessee church where
Confederate forces
surprised Grant but
reinforcements allowed a
counterattack
Head of Union Forces
 Grant
Head of Confederate
Forces
 Johnson & Beauregard
Outcome of the Battle
 Union victory or a draw
Important Facts
 The Union strategy to
take control of the
Mississippi may succeed
 The war will be deadly

21.  New Orleans (April 1862): Union General David
Farragut seized the Confederate’s largest city and
busiest port in spite of facing enemy guns and fire rafts
 Lessons: had to use scouts, dig trenches, build
fortifications, would be a bloody war
 Signal to the Union that their Anaconda Plan of using
the Mississippi to split the Confederacy might work
 Their campaign along the Mississippi would continue

22.  Ironclad ships
 the North’s Monitor and the
South’s Merrimack were the first
 they could splinter wooden ships,
withstand cannon fire and resist
burning
 Rifle
 could be loaded more quickly and
fire more rounds during battle
 they were more accurate than old
muskets
 Minie ball
 soft lead bullet that was more
destructive
 Primitive grenades and land mines
 Could kill more people and
fighting in trenches gave an
advantage

23.  General McClellan was slow and cautious and finally
decided to attack Richmond in the spring of 1862
 the Confederate army was under the lead of General
Joseph E. Johnston who was wounded then Robert E.
Lee took over (he did not want secession but was from
Virginia so fought for his state)
 Confederate Lee pursued McClellan in a series of
successful battles known as the Seven Days’ Battle to
save Richmond
 Confederate Lee won a second Battle of Bull Run,
crossed the Potomac and headed towards Washington,
DC

24.  Union McClellan had a corporal that discovered a copy
of Lee’s orders which revealed a plan for Lee and
Jackson to unite
 Union McClellan quickly moved and clashed with Lee
at a creek called Antietam and won but did not pursue
Lee which could have ended the war
 Bloodiest single-day battle in American history,
McClellan was fired by Lincoln

25. Head of Union Forces
 McClellan
Head of Confederate Forces
 Lee
Outcome of the Battle
 Union victory or draw
Important Facts
 Bloodiest single-day battle
in US History
 South lost 25% of its
soldiers

26. 1) Which had NOT occurred by the time the statement
above had been printed?
a) the Dred Scott Decision
b) John Brown’s raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers
Ferry, Virginia
c) the Lecompton Constitution
d) the beginning of Lincoln’s first term as president

27. 2) What initiated (began) the “revolution of 1860?”
a) South Carolina’s secession from the Union
b) the formation of the Confederacy
c) the firing on Fort Sumter
d) Virginia’s secession from the Union