1) Batas Pambansa Blg. 232 of 1982 established an integrated system of education in the Philippines, trifurcating management of basic education, post-secondary non-degree education, and higher education between DECS, TESDA, and CHED respectively. 2) Executive Order No. 117 of 1987 reorganized the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, structuring it with bureaus and regional offices to formulate education policies and plans at all levels. 3) The Higher Education Act of 1994 and the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority Act of 1994 established CHED and TESDA as independent commissions responsible for higher education and technical education/skills development respectively.