The document discusses educational planning and types of plans. It defines educational planning as preparing for post-secondary education by making arrangements to facilitate learning and skill development. There are three main elements in educational planning: predetermined objectives, use of scarce resources, and decision making. Educational planning ensures coordination of the education system and helps achieve goals like universal primary education. Strategic plans define long-term goals and priorities over 3-5 years while financial plans help achieve life goals through proper investment and money management.

2. Submitted To:
Dr. Muhammad Iqbal
Submitted By:
Maryam Ikram 142306
Shazia 142319

3. EDUCATIONAL
PLANNING
&
TYPES OF PLANS

4. Educational Planning
 Educational planning is the process of preparing for your
post-secondary education. Effective educational planning
enables you to make a smooth transition from high school
or military service to college or further technical
education. A good educational plan will provide you and
your family with a map of your future education and
career goals.
 Educational planning is the process of making
arrangements or preparations to facilitate the training,
instruction or study that leads to the acquisition of skills
or knowledge, or the development of reasoning and
judgment.

5. Cont.
 Educational planning implies the taking of d
ecisions for future action with a view of Ach
ieving pre-determined objectives through
the optimum use of scarce resources there
are three main elements in this definition;
 pre-determined objectives
 use of scarce resources
 taking decisions

6. Nature and Scope of Educational
Planning
 Educational planning is an instrument for providing the needed
coordination and direction of the different
components of an educational system. It also ensures that
widely accepted long term goals, such as universal primary
education, are approached more objectively. It provides a
realistic appraisal of the country's resources (human, on-human
and institutional) which is an important factor in the successful
implementation of the plan.
 Through educational planning a country indicates its willingness
to effect an orderly change or reform in its educational system
by bringing into focus the short comings or needs that hit her to
had been ignored or unknown and so that appropriate action be
affected. Overall educational planning, either as a part of the
national development plan or as an independent plan is
characterized by:

7. Cont.
 An attempt to bring a balanced development of all sectors
of the educational system.
 The correlation of the educational effort with the
national policy for economic and social development.
 An effort to coordinate the quantitative expansion
necessitated by Demographic factors
and social demand with the quantitative improvement in
content, structure, and methods.
 The determination to ensure that the investment in
education brings good dividends in the form fulfilment of
manpower needs, the overall development of individual
and the national economic, social and cultural
development.

8. Role of Educational Planning
 From 1990s onward, educational reforms and reforms of
professional/training are taking place in both the developed
and developing countries. The public policies and governmental
programs which materialize these reforms commonly presented
in three main arguments.
 The technological innovations in the productive process and the
technical and organizational changes related to the last.
 The contemporary and future requirements of the use of work
force, especially the poverty alleviation in the third world
countries and its qualitative and quantitative composition.
 The organizational and curriculum adequacy of the work force,
in order to correspond satisfactorily to the new demands of the
process of work in times of the globalization of capital.

9. Emergence of Educational Planning
 Pakistan achieved independence from over a
century of British colonial rule in August 1947.
The colonial period did witness some progress in
education. However, the progress was largely
limited to what emerged as India. The regions
comprising Pakistan were relatively backward in
all respects, including in education. At
independence, 85 percent of the population was
illiterate and in the more backward regions of the
country, e.g., Balochistan, the literacy rate was
even lower, with the rate for rural women therein
being virtually zero.

10. Cont.
 It was realized then that the task of nation building would
not be achieved without an educated and skilled
manpower. And in recognition thereof, a National
Education Conference was convened the same year, which
recommended that universalization of primary education
should be achieved within a period of 20 years. Since
then, universal primary education has remained an
important objective of all governments. And to this end,
considerable resources have been expended in creating
new infrastructure and facilities and various projects and
schemes have been launched. Yet, the desired progress
has not been achieved, either quantitatively or
qualitatively.

11. Cont.
 Half a century down the road, Pakistan remains a largely
illiterate country. Close to two-thirds of the population
and over 80 percent of rural women are still illiterate.
More than a quarter of children between the ages of five
and nine do not attend school. And for those who do, the
quality of education is seriously wanting. One 1994 study
conducted arithmetic and urdu language tests to grade-3
school children in Lahore and found that only 33 percent
of students in government schools passed both the tests.
The same test conducted in 1996 to test grade-3 students
in 5 districts in Punjab found that only 22 percent of the
students in government schools passed both the tests. The
same test administered to the teachers did not elicit an
encouraging result either.

12. Cont.
The emergence of educational planning was through the following plans and policies:
 National Education Conference: 1947
 First Five Year Plan: 1955-60
 Second Five Year Plan: 1960-65
 Third Five Year Plan: 1965-70
 The New Education Policy: 1970
 The Education Policy: 1972-80
 Fifth Five Year Plan: 1978-83
 Sixth Five Year Plan: 1983-88
 National Literacy Plan: 1984-86
 Nationwide Literacy Programme: 1986-90
 Nai Roshni Schools: 1986-90
 Seventh Five Year Plan: 1988-93
 National Education Policy: 1992
 Eight Five Year Plan: 1993-98
 National Education Policy: 1998-2010

13. Objectives of Educational Planning-
National and Regional Levels
Planning is the formal process of making decisions for future of
individuals and organizations. Planning involves dealing on aims and
objectives, selecting to correct strategies and program to achieve the
aims, determining and allocating the resources required and ensuring
that plans are communicated to all concerned.
 Marco Planning
Macro planning deals with broad entities having such large magnitude,
aggregates and averages as National Income per Capital Income, National
Expenditure on consumption and income; Balance of Trade and Balance
of Payment, National Population, Total Enrolment, Enrolment Ratios, Age
Structure etc. Thus, macro-planning deals with broad plans not taking
note of breakdown between skills or scheme implementation at grass
root level.

14. Cont.
 Micro Planning
As against macro theory, micro economic theory analysis
consumption and investment of households, prices of
particular goods, output, sales and purchase decisions of
individual firms and industries. Micro planning in education
starts from grass root level.
 Decentralized Planning
Decentralization implies distribution of administrative
powers and functions among local constituents.

15. Cont.
 Rolling Plan
A long term plan that is revised regularly and each revision is
projected forward again for the same period as the original
plan.
 Contingency Planning
A planning technique, which determines actions to be taken
by individuals and groups at specific places and times if
abnormal threats or opportunities arise.

16. Factor Affecting
Educational Planning
Economic
Political
Administrative

17. Economic Factor
Economic conditions and Economic system
are the important factors that constitute
educational Environment.

18. If the Economic condition is poor
education becomes backward in many
aspect.
While if the economy of a country is
strong, then educational aims and the
curriculum are given a special direction for
making the country prosperous.

19. Economic Factor and
Education
Funding for Education
Investment in Education
Strategies for resources mobilization
Loans for higher studies and educational
institutions economic change.

20. Political Factor
This discussion is primarily concerned with the
effects of development politics on the processes
and responsibilities of educational planning.

21. Government Policies in education are based
on prevailing environment.
Politics involve the rules and the regulation
of power, influence and authority,
especially in the allocation of ‘goods’-the
things which people want.

22. It is our politicians who determine
economic and educational legislation.
The government in power decides on both
the economic and educational policies of
our country, so obviously the both factors
are intertwined.

23. Administrative Factor
It is the administration or management of institutions
designed to foster teaching and learning
These institutions include:
public and private schools
technical education colleges
special education institutions
public and private universities

24. Educational Administration is
not only a field of practice but
is also a field of study
The task of administration is to view these
problems and issues from a new perspective,
that of an administrator who must see the
organization as a whole, and not just as a
teacher/lecturer in a classroom situation

25. The basic purpose of
educational administration is
to enhance teaching and
learning
Administration serves an instrumental or
supportive role and not a primary role

26. Shared vision and involve
others in setting the goals
S/he should evaluate and monitor the efficiency and
effectiveness of institutional operations

27. Functions of an Educational Administrator
Administering meaning
Administering community
Administering excellence

28. Types of Plans
Strategic Plan
Financial Plan

29. STRATEGIC PLAN
Is defining and prioritizing long-term plans that
includes examining an organization’s purpose,
mission, philosophy and goals in the light of its
external environment
It is proactive and future-oriented, focuses on a
3-5 year operation of the organization
It generally aims at creating an image of the
desired future and design ways to make plans a
reality

30. Scope of strategic planning
ANN MARRINER TOMEY
External assessment :opportunities and threats
Internal assessment :strengths and weaknesses
Vision, mission, values, philosophy
Policies and procedures
Implementation
Evaluation :production/operations
finance
marketing

31. STEPS IN STRATEGIC PLANNING
MARQUIS & HUSTON,KELLY- HEIDENTHAL, & TOMEY
Analyze the organization’s internal and external
environment.(SWOT analysis)
Define the purpose of the organization
Clarify values important to the organization
Set the goals and objectives
Communicate the goals and objectives to the constituents
Identify strategies – set time lines and tasks
Estimate and allocate resources

32. Financial Planning
What is Financial Planning?
Financial planning is the process of achieving your life
goals by using different investment options with your
current resources through proper and disciplined money
management.
So Financial Planning is not only about money, but it is
all about life, about fulfilling your wishes, dreams,
aspirations and your enjoyment in achieving them.

33. Define the Financial Goals
Specifically define and write down your financial goals and its
priorities. Then the planner analyses your current financial
situation, monitoring it regularly.
Attach a cost to each goal.
Set a date for when the money is needed to accomplish the goal.

34. There are only 3 major
components in the Financial
Planning process:
Current Resources
Investment Options
Financial Goals