Comparative Education as a Social System

1. Philippine Education System as a
Social System
Maricris Malamug | Randolf Cruz | Rozel Avila

2. Education is a social institution
through which a society’s children
are taught basic academic
knowledge, learning skills, and
cultural norms.

3. The education system has adopted a
combination of influences from its
colonial history

4. EDUCATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES
There are three educational agencies
that govern the levels of education
• Department of Education (DepEd)
• Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
• Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA)

6. K-12 in the Philippines has 3 levels:
• Primary School (Primary Education) – K to 6
• Junior High School (Lower Secondary
Education) – 7 to 10
• Senior High School (Upper Secondary
Education) – 11 to 12
• Higher Education
• >Undergraduate (Bachelor’s Degree)
• >Postgraduate (Master’s Degree)
• >Doctoral (PhD)

7. Triad Education
Learners
Teacher
s
Learning
System

8. Mode of Instruction
The medium of instruction is English
and Filipino.

9. Legal Foundation of Education
This law is known as the “Enhanced Basic
Education Act of 2013”. It was popularly called
K to 12 because the act, (RA 10533), enhanced
the Philippine Basic Education System by
strengthening its curriculum and increasing the
number of years for basic education

10. 1. The Philippines Constitution of 1987
2. The Educational Decree 6-A
3. The Educational Act of 1982, otherwise known as Batas
Pambansa Blg. 232
4. The Educational Act of 1994, otherwise known as Public
Act 7722
5. Republic Act 10533 –“Enhanced Basic Education Act of
2013″.

11. ARTICLE XIV: Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports
· Quality education accessible to all. (Section 1
· Complete, adequate, and integrated relevant education. (2.1.)
· Free public education in the elementary and high school level. (2.2.)
· Scholarship grants, loans, subsidies and other incentives to deserving
students in both private and public schools. (2.3.)
· Non-formal, formal, and indigenous learning systems. (2.4)
· Vocational training to adults, disabled and out of school youth. (2.5)
· Study of the constitution. (3.1)
· Study of values. (3.2.)

12. PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 6 – A
EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT DECREE OF 1972
Goals of the Educational system. (2, a – c)
1. To achieve and maintain an accelerating rate of economic
development and social progress.
2. To assure of maximum participation of all the people in the
attainment and enjoyment of the benefits of such growth.
3. To strengthen national consciousness and promote desirable
cultural values in a changing world.

13. BATAS PAMBANSA BLG 232 – “EDUCATION ACT
Goals
1. Achieve and maintain an accelerating rate of economic
development and social progress;
2. Assure the maximum participation of all people in the attainment
and employment of such growth, and
3. Achieve and strengthen national unity and consciousness and
preserve, develop and promote desirable culture, moral, and
spiritual values in a changing world.

14. EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 117, s. 1987 (REORGANIZATION OF DECS)
The Department shall be responsible for the formulation, planning, implementation,
and coordination of policies, plans, programs and projects in the areas of formal
and non – formal education at all levels: elementary, secondary, higher, technical –
vocational, non – formal, sports and culture.

15. RA 7722: HIGHER EDUCATION ACT OF 1994
An act creating the Commission on Higher
Education.

16. RA 7796: AN ACT CREATING THE TECHNICAL
EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
OF 1994
An act creating the Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority.

17. RA 9155: AN ACT INSTITUTING A FRAMEWORK OF
GOVERNANCE FOR BASIC EDUCATION,
ESTABLISHING AUTHORITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY,
RENAMING THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION,
CULTURE AND SPORTS AS THE DEPARTMENT OF
EDUCATION AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

18. Philosophical Foundation of Education
This philosophy emphasizes that educational
concern must be on the child's interests, desires
and the learner's freedom as an individual rather
than the subject matter. No structured curriculum.
Education should be life itself not a preparation for
life. The curriculum is child-centered and flexible.

19. Education Stakeholders and Partners
Local Government Units (LGUs) - e LSB controls the use of the
SEF - Special Education Fund, which is generated from the
local real estate or property tax (equivalent to 1%).
Commission on Higher Education (CHED) - CHED oversees
colleges and universities which produce graduates who become
teachers in the system. This relationship informs the CHED and
aligns the teacher education curriculum with the newly-
established Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers
(PPST).

20. Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA) - TESDA
oversees technical and vocational
education in the country where there is an
overlap with DepEd

21. Early Childhood Care and Development Council
(ECCD) - The ECCD Council is a government agency
mandated by RA 10410 or the Early Years Act (EYA)
of 2013 to act as the primary agency supporting the
government’s ECCD programs that cover health,
nutrition, early education, and social services for
children aged 0-4 years

22. National Government Line Agencies
Department of Public Works and Highways
(DPWH) - DPWH delivers fully constructed
school buildings and other facilities

23. Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD)
DSWD overseas ECCD (0-4 years old).
DSWD also manages the conditional cash
transfer program (4Ps), which has an
education component.

24. Department of Health (DOH) - DOH helps
DepEd with school health and nutrition
programs.

25. National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) -
NEDA works with DepEd to flesh out the basic
education section of the Philippine Development Plan
and provides assistance in monitoring the programs of
the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) related to
education.

26. Department of Budget and Management (DBM)
DepEd works with DBM on budget planning,
management, and accountability. Over the years, DBM
and DepEd (with Commission on Audit concurrence)
have designed and set up budget mechanisms to
facilitate and make efficient the usage and flow of
funds, such as the Direct Release System, where
funds for field units no longer had to pass through the
central office.

27. National Nutrition Council (NNC)
The NNC provides valuable data on the
state of nutrition of children essential for
the planning of school health and school
feeding programs.

28. National Commission on Indigenous People (NCIP)
NCIP provides information and contacts with IP
communities, many of which are in GIDA areas and
might be the subject of the Last-Mile-Schools program.

29. Private Sector in Education
Philippine Colleges and Universities and Schools
Philippine universities are grouped into associations
that interact with DepEd in different fora depending on
the issue. COCOPEA (Coordinating Council of Private
Educational Associations) is the umbrella organization
with five educational associations with over 2,500
educational and learning institutions among its
member schools.

30. The five associations are:
Philippine Associations of Colleges and Universities
(PACU);
Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines
(CEAP);
Association of Christian Schools, Colleges and
Universities (ASCU);
Philippine Association of Private Schools, Colleges
and Universities (PAPSCU);
Tech-Voc Schools Association of the Philippines
(TVSA).

31. Cost of Education in the Philippines
Public - free until tertiary level
Private - Elementary - Php 10000 to Php
15000
Secondary - Php 15000 to Php 30000
Tertiary - Php 70,000 to Php 100000