5. Early Axis Victories: 1939 Germany invades Poland: falls in less than 6 weeks USA begins Cash and Carry program: nations must pay first and provide own transport for goods After Poland…what’s next?
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7. France and England declare war on Germany: Set up defense instead of attacking
10. Early Axis Victories: 1940 After Poland, period of waiting known as sitzkrieg takes place. Early spring Denmark, Norway, Belgium and Netherlands (the lowlands) defeated…sitzkrieg over France defeated in 6 weeks British troops escape at Dunkirk; nearly defeated Japan successfully attacks French Indochina. Prime Minister Winston Churchill
21. Battle of Britain 1940-41 “Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few” British Royal Air Force (RAF) uses radar to great advantage Britain never invaded
23. Operation Barbarossa 1941-45 Hitler grows frustrated with Britain In need of Lebensraum: living space Seeks other prize: Soviet Union Great Breadbasket in order to remain healthy, species must continually expand the amount of space they occupy ...'
24. Breaks non-aggression pact Hitler unleashes Wehrmacht: uses most of best troops 3,000,000 Axis troops march into Soviet Union “when the attack on Russia starts the world will hold its breath.”
25. Overconfidence? “We have only to kick in the front door and the whole rotten Russian edifice will come tumbling down.” (Hitler)
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28. Costly Mistake Poorly planned operation Soviets caught by surprise, but able to defend: scorched earth policy announced by Stalin Hitler’s troops can’t handle Russian winter Soldiers froze, supply lines broke down, equipment wouldn’t operate Loses 50% his army
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31. American Neutrality Changes 1941 USA changes policy from Cash and Carry to Lend Lease Why? President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill agree upon Atlantic Charter: belief that war is being fought to preserve and ensure democratic ideals throughout world
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33. Axis in the Pacific Japan wishes to dominate all of Asia Japan led by Hidecki Tojo and Emperor Hirohito Tojo Hirohito
34. Pearl Harbor USA places embargo on Japan: oil and steel sales cut off Japan must knock out naval base in Hawaii Pacific will be theirs to dominate
50. The Allies Strike Back: 1943 Italian campaign begins in Sicily and works its way up the boot towards Rome Italy gives up and imprisons Mussolini; no longer in power, but German troops move in to fight. Fierce battle at Anzio Rome taken in June of 44’. Anzio.
51. The Allies Strike Back: 1943 Tehran (Iran) Conference held-FDR, Churchill, and Stalin meet and finalize plans: Agreed that the U.S. and Britain should attack across the English Channel USSR wanted immediate attack to help split German forces. Soviets felt they were being forced to bear excessive burden vs. Germany US and UK waited to build up forces. USSR promises to help versus Japan after Germany’s defeated Churchill, (U.K.) FDR, (U.S.A) Stalin, (U.S.S.R)
52. The Allies Strike Back: 1944 Operation Overlord (June 6th, ‘44) famously known as D-Day D stands for nothing…variable that depends on various factors like the weather to determine when a mission will take place Allies attack coast of France w/ 150,000 troops and 4,600 boats Operation aimed to liberate France and then defeating Germany itself. German army was taken by surprise, they expected the attack to come from further north in Calais. Deception campaign Inflatable tanks and planes, fake military orders leaked to Nazi’s etc. By July Allies had landed 1million men+
56. Battle of the Bulge: 1944 Last counterattack made by Germany in Dec, 1944 Luxembourg/Belgium border Surprised Allied forces Largest land battle of war…over 1 million soldiers!
57. The Allies Strike Back: 1945 Allies push towards Germany from all sides and horror over the Holocaust becoming very evident in Poland and Eastern Germany
59. Holocaust Who was involved? Jews, gypsies, mentally and physically disabled, communists, homosexuals, Jehovah Witnesses etc.
60. Holocaust What were the results? Estimated 12,000,000 people died 2/3 of all European Jews executed ½ of all executed were Jewish
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62. Holocaust Why is so much known about the holocaust? General Eisenhower carefully documented activities at camps Why?
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64. What is being shown in the pictures? Why did the Nazi's take these items?
65. What is being shown in the pictures? Sacks of gold Why did the Nazi's take these items? Pay for war expenses
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68. Yalta Conference: 1945 Yalta Conference held—FDR, Churchill, and Stalin meet and finalize plans for end of war: Germany to be split into 4 zones Poland boundary redrawn, USSR gets Kurile Islands in exchange for help against Japan
70. Tragedy Strikes! Reluctantly ran for 4th term in office Physically and mentally tired April 1945, FDR dies suddenly after complaining of a headache in Warm Springs, GA retreat
71. Harry Who? Harry who? What am I getting myself into? Harry Truman takes office. New Vice President… replaced Henry Wallace “Hick from Missouri” Kept in dark of key ideas including: Manhattan Project
72. Germany Collapses Russians and Americans advance into Berlin Last days spent inside Berlin Bunker with Eva Braun and his dog Blondi I’m the luckiest girl in the world to be having dinner with a man like Hitler
76. War Ends in Europe V-E Day (May 8, 1945)-- Victory in Europe Day: Germany surrenders
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79. Bataan Death March Takeover of Philippines 15,000-20,000 American troops marched 65 miles Intense heat No provisions Listen to survivor’s experience!
86. Battle of Coral Sea: May 1942 Japan intends to invade Australia Engage in battle with USA 1st Carrier battle in history Removed threat to Oceania Admiral Chester Nimitz: Head of Pacific Fleet USS Lexington USS Yorktown
87. Carriers U.S.S. Yorktown Severely damaged: thought 90 days to repair Turned tide at Midway days later! Japanese hadn’t planned on Yorktown’s resources being available U.S.S. Lexington Destroyed
88. Battle of Midway: June 1942 (James) DoolittleRaids: bomb Tokyo from carrier based at Midway Japan’s 1st taste of war at home Psychological effect soon after Pearl Harbor Showed we are still a force and your day is coming Midway base destroyed but USA carriers destroy 4 Japanese carriers Turning point in Pacific Fighting Japanese offensive capability crushed: all carriers destroyed Elite unit Japanese Zero Fighters lost Unable to replace materials and skilled pilots, mechanics and commanders
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91. Island Hopping Campaign Victories provided key to launching attacks Random efforts to free Japanese held islands Cut off supplies from Japan Left to “die on the vine” War over for many years before some isolated soldiers realized Dug in in Iwo Jima and Okinawa Foreshadowed what invasion of Japan might be like Impacted our decision to use atomic bomb
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94. Raising the flag over Iwo Jima in the Marshall Islands (Part of the island hopping)
95. New Strategy Resources scarce: planes, fuel, bombs, pilots etc. Must maximize remaining stock Banzai and Kamikaze attacks begin Banzai-human suicide missions on the ground Kamikaze-planes used as bombs 9/11 was not an original idea
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97. Potsdam Conference: 1945 Potsdam Conference held-Truman, Churchill, and Stalin Agree to concept of United Nations Agree to use atomic bomb Issue vague warning to Japan to surrender or face “prompt and utter destruction”
98. Success: Manhattan Project Urged by Einstein letter Atomic bomb tested in NM Dr. Robert Oppenheimer in charge Moral dilemma for Truman Drop bomb or alternate plan?
99. Decision to drop the bomb Consider the following questions from the video: How big was the Manhattan Project? (people, $$, and locations) What options did Truman have to end the fighting? How were Nagasaki and Hiroshima chosen to be the targets? Who opposed the use of the atomic bomb and why?
100. War ends in the Pacific 2 atomic bombs are dropped over Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Little Boy (L) and Fat Man (R)
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103. War ends in the Pacific VJ Day: August 15th 1945 Day that Japan Surrenders
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105. Formal Treaty Signed Douglas MacArthur and Emperor Hirohito sign treaty aboard USS Missouri USA occupies Japan until 1951 New Constitution Education Reform Military deconstructed
