2. AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
PROGRAM
› Hvilken funktion har literature review’et (LR) i ph.d.-
afhandlingen og hvilke krav stilles der til LR?
› Hvilke udfordringer oplever ph.d.-studerende når de
skal udforme LR?
› Hvilke meningsfulde krav kan vi stille til LR i ph.d.-
afhandlingen?
› Perspektiver
2
5. AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
FUNKTION
How to-
› “… the literature review is where you show that you
are both aware of and can interpret what is already
known and where eventually you will be able to point
out the contradictions and gaps in existing
knowledge.” (Jesson et al. 2011, s.10)
› “… it ensures the researchability of your topic before
‘proper’ research commences …” (Hart 1998, s.13)
5
6. AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
FUNKTION
Bedømmelses-
› ”… in most disciplines a significant section of a thesis will be
devoted to the literature to position the study within the
discipline or field.” (Holbrook et al 2007, s.342)
Debat-
› ”It sets the broad context of the study, clearly demarcates what
is and what is not within the scope of the investigation and
justifies those decisions.” (Boote & Beile 2005, s.3)
6
8. AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
MOST IMPORTANT POINT IN THE COURSE:
“Maybe Ph.D. students shouldn’t do literature
reviews. It’s a job for senior researchers.
But it is great with an overview of how “fuzzy”
information retrieval actually is.
Really informative.”
8
10. AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
KRAV TIL KOMPETENCER
How to-
› “time management, organization of materials, computer use,
information handling, on-line searching and writing.”
(Hart 1998, s.5)
› ”… to do a good systematic review takes time, resources and
ideally more than one researcher.” (Jesson et al. 2011, s.109)
› Debat
”To review the literature … is a very complex task. That requires
the integration and application of a variety of skills and
knowledge that few individual faculty members have
mastered.”
(Boote & Beile 2005, s.11)10
11. AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
KRAV TIL KOMPETENCER
Bedømmelses
› “- at forholde sig til kilder, kvalificere og indplacere og
afgrænse eksplicit …
- at foretage en grundig, begrundet litteratursøgning og
udvælgelse/inddragelse”
(Rienecker & Stray Jørgensen 2013, s.28)
How to-
› “Systematic searching of the social science literature requires a
range of search techniques including citation searching,
reference list checking and contact with experts.”
(Papaioaannou et al. 2009, s.114)11
13. AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
KRAV TIL LR
Debat
› “A literature review that meets high standards … indicates that
the doctoral candidate has a thorough, sophisticated
understanding of a field of study”. (Boote & Beile 2005, s.9)
› “I claim that relevance … and not comprehensiveness or
thoroughness, is the most essential characteristic of a good
dissertation literature review.” (Maxwell 2005, s.28)
› ”As the candidate better understands the literature, his or her
notion of relevance may shift or change entirely.”
(Boote & Beile 2006, s.34)
13
14. AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
KRAV TIL LR
How to
› As with any systematic review, subject searches needed to be
thorough, sensitive and transparent.
(Papaioaannou et al. 2009, s.115)
14
15. AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL &
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
› Ph.d-skolen, BSS: 250 studerende – 7 programmer
› Opstart F2013 – efter drøftelse med Ph.d.-skolen
Ikke-obligatorisk – ingen ects – sprog: engelsk
“Tværfagligt” – deltagere fra alle programmer
Tre lektioner + workshop
Systematisk emneordssøgning,
Kvalitetsvurdering af kilder,
Vidensorganisering – Reference-software
› 38 deltagere – 24 har evalueret
15
16. AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
TEMATIKKER – FRA EVALUERINGER
›Kompleksitet
informationsressourcer
mængder
overblik
›Diversitet
brug af IT
19: highly/very relevant
3: relevant/pretty relevant
17. AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
MOST IMPORTANT POINT IN THE COURSE:
“This is a bit of a wasp’s nest that I didn’t know
existed: all the different databases vs search
engines vs publishers etc.
Basically I have only searched through Proquest –
but now I can see that the basis of this method
isn’t good enough.”
18. AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
THIS I NEED TO KNOW MORE ABOUT:
›“I have been on more than one search course,
however I have still problems in making my
search so specific that I am not totally
overwhelmed by articles etc.”
›“….I still have some troubles with searching as I
experience that my search strategies offer more
articles than it is possible to read in a whole life”
19. AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
THIS I NEED TO KNOW MORE ABOUT:
“How to actually organize the review process.
Even though it is not possible to do the optimal
search, writing down how the search was carried
out might be quite challenging then.”
20. AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
THIS I NEVER THOUGHT ABOUT BEFORE:
›“That there would be a tool like Refworks which
can save me a lot of time and boring work in the
future”
›“I checked out Mendeley after it was mentioned
on the course – it is an amazing tool!”
21. AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
THIS YOU SHOULD GIVE LESS PRIORITY TO:
“From my point of view the reference tool part but
I have a feeling others who are not familiar with
this might like this part to get more priority.”
23. AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
PERSPEKTIVER
› Vejleders rolle?
Rapporten: ”Kvalitet i ph.d.-forløb”, AU
12 % får omfattende vejledning
40% får nogen vejledning
49% får ingen vejledning
› Samarbejde med informationsspecialister?
› Er der brug for mere viden om hvad der
forventes af ph.d.-studerende mht. LR?
24. AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
LITTERATUR
* Boote, D. N., & Beile, P. (2005). Scholars before researchers: On the centrality of the
dissertation literature review in research preparation. Educational Researcher, 34(6),
3-15.
*Boote, D. N., & Beile, P. (2006). On "literature reviews of, and for, educational
research": A response to the critique by joseph maxwell. Educational Researcher,
35(9), 32-35.
* Brabazon, T. (2007). The university of google: Education in the (post) information
age. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
* Hart, C. (1998). Doing a literature review : Releasing the social science research
imagination. London: Sage Publications.
* Holbrook, A., Bourke, S., Fairbairn, H., & Lovat, T. (2007). Examiner comment on the
literature review in Ph.D. theses. Studies in Higher Education, 32(3), 337-356.
* Holbrook, AP (2007) Dalliance or intimate relationship?: Evidence of what
contributes to successful use of the literature in a doctorate, Proceedings of the
Postgraduate -State of the Art and the Artists - Conference, Stellenbosch, Western
Cape, South Africa (2007) [E3]
* Jesson, J. K., Matheson, L., & Lacey, F. M. (2011). Doing your literature review :
Traditional and systematic techniques. Los Angeles, Calif.: SAGE.
* Littell, J. H., Corcoran, J., & Pillai, V. K. (2008). Systematic reviews and meta-
analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
25. AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
LITTERATUR
* Lovitts, B. E. (2007). Making the implicit explicit : Creating performance
expectations for the dissertation. Sterling, Va.: Stylus Pub.
*Maxwell, J. A. (2006). Literature reviews of, and for, educational research: A
commentary on boote and beile's "scholars before researchers". Educational
Researcher, 35(9), 28-31.
* Papaioannou, D., Sutton, A., Carroll, C., Booth, A., & Wong, R. (2010). Literature
searching for social science systematic reviews: Consideration of a range of search
techniques. Health Information & Libraries Journal, 27(2), 114-122
* Ridley, D.,Dr. (2012). The literature review : A step-by-step guide for students.
London: SAGE.
* Rienecker, L., & Stray Jørgensen, P. (2013). Hvordan kan kriterier for ph.d.-
bedømmelser danne grundlag for ph.d.-uddannelse? : Pædagogiske perspektiver
af en analyse af 41 ph.d.-bedømmelser fra et humanistisk fakultet. Dansk
Universitetspædagogisk Tidsskrift, Årg. 8, nr. 15 (2013)
* Rienecker, L. (2013). Informationssøgning om universitetspædagogiske emner. In L.
Rienecker, P. Stray Jørgensen, J. Dolin & G. H. Ingerslev (Eds.),
Universitetspædagogik (pp. 457-467). København: Samfundslitteratur.
* Seldén, L. (1999). Kapital och karriär : Informationssökning i forskningens
vardagspraktik. Borås: VALFRID.
26. AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
SLOWING DOWN …?
›“I created a scaffold for learning which slowed
down the research process, creating time for
reflection and planning” (Brabazon 2007, s.31)
›“Narrowing down a topic can be difficult and can
take several weeks or even months, but it does
mean that the research is more likely to be
completed.” (Hart 1998, s.13)
27. AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
TAK FOR NU …
Kontaktoplysninger
Gina Bay
Bibliotekar, MBU,
AU Library, Bartholins Allé
Part of School of Business and Social Sciences
Aarhus Universitet
E-mail: gb@sam.au.dk
