The document provides examples of how to report statements, questions, commands, requests, advice and warnings that were spoken by others. It explains that reported speech often involves changing pronouns, verb tenses, places and time expressions. Examples are given for direct and reported speech versions of statements with different tenses, questions, and commands/requests with advice to use "to + infinitive verb" or "not to + infinitive verb".

1. REPORTING Reporting statements, questions and commands

2. Reporting Statements RMB Elena Benito Ruiz http://firstcertificate.wordpress.com Type Example direct speech “ I speak English.” reported speech (no backshift) He says that he speaks English. reported speech (backshift) He said that he spoke English.

3. Reporting Statements RMB Elena Benito Ruiz http://firstcertificate.wordpress.com You may have to change the pronoun depending on who says what. You may have to change the tense (1 step back: ‘backshift’) 3. You may have to change place & time expressions.

4. Your turn… She said, "I went to the cinema yesterday.“ He said, "I am writing a test tomorrow.“ He said, "I will have finished this paper by tomorrow.“ They said, "We have never been here before." RMB Elena Benito Ruiz http://firstcertificate.wordpress.com

5. Reporting Questions RMB Elena Benito Ruiz http://firstcertificate.wordpress.com

6. Your turn… “ What time does the train arrive?” she asked. “ When can we have dinner?” she asked. “ Why didn’t you come?” He asked me. “ Do you speak English?” “ Have you been to Liverpool before?” “ Can you type?” “ Will you come to my party tonight?” RMB Elena Benito Ruiz http://firstcertificate.wordpress.com

7. Reporting Commands/Requests/Advice/Warnings Tenses are not relevant for requests: simply put “to”+ infinite verb. She said, “Say hello to your mum.“ She asked me to say hello to my mum. For negative requests: “ not to” + infinite verb. He said, “Don’t give up, Bob.“ He advised Bob not to give up . RMB Elena Benito Ruiz http://firstcertificate.wordpress.com

8. Your turn… Nelly: "Help Peter's sister." Teacher: "Do your homework." Yvonne: "Don't talk to your neighbour." Denise: "Don't open this door." Job interviewer: "Fill in the form, Sir” Father: “You shouldn’t go out with strangers” RMB Elena Benito Ruiz http://firstcertificate.wordpress.com