7. Protein Kinase O
Protein OH + ATP Protein O P O + ADP
O
Pi H2O
Protein Phosphatase
8. PKA
• Direct protein phosphorylation
• PKA directly either increases or decreases
the activity of a protein (Rapid)
• Protein synthesis
• PKA first directly activates CREB, which
binds the cAMP response element (CRE)
(Slow)
9.
10.
11. Inactivation
Catalyticsubunit itself can be down-
regulated by phosphorylation.
A feedback mechanism: One of the
substrates that are activated by the
kinase is a phosphodiesterase.
12. Anchorage
A-kinase anchor protein (AKAP)
As a localizer:
Regulatory subunits
Cytoskeleton
As a signal modulator:
Catalytic subunits
Phosphodiesterase
14. Adipocytes and hepatocytes
Adrenaline and glucagon
Phosphorylationof acetyl-CoA carboxylase and
pyruvate dehydrogenase
Inhibition
of lipogenesis and promoting net
gluconeogenesis
Insulin
decreases the level of phosphorylation of
these enzymes
15. Nucleus accumbens
Helps transfer/translate the dopamine signal into
cells
Reward and motivation
Smokers
16. Principal cells in kidney
• V2 receptor
• Exocytosis of aquaporin 2 to apical membrane
• Synthesis of aquaporin 2
• Phosphorylation of aquaporin 2
