This document provides information on various tourism attractions and world heritage sites in India. It begins with tourism slogans used by different Indian states and regions to promote tourism. It then lists international tourism slogans. Next, it provides details on some of India's UNESCO World Heritage sites, including Kaziranga National Park, Manas Wildlife Sanctuary, Mahabodhi Temple Complex, Humayun's Tomb, Qutub Minar, Red Fort Complex, Churches and Convents of Goa, Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park, The Group of Monuments at Hampi, and The Group of Monuments in Pattadakal. For each site, it mentions the year of
The document outlines emerging areas of tourism including rural tourism which showcases rural life and benefits local communities economically and socially through activities like farm tourism and eco-tourism. It also discusses pilgrimage tourism which allows purification of mind, body and soul and is prominent in India. Medical tourism is described as well, with India offering cost-effective medical facilities, relaxation, and purification of the body through services like Ayurveda.
This document discusses tourism demand, including definitions and important data for measuring demand. Tourism demand is defined as expenditures by visitors during and related to trips outside their usual environment. Key data for measuring demand includes number of visitors, transportation method, length of stay, accommodations, and money spent. Demand is determined by lifestyle factors like income and age as well as the supply environment. Volume statistics measure arrivals and departures while value statistics measure expenditures. Visitor profiles provide additional details. Demand is measured based on propensity to travel and resistance factors like costs and cultural differences at potential destinations.
The document discusses definitions of tourism terms from international organizations. It describes how the League of Nations defined an international tourist in 1937 as someone who visits a country other than their own for at least 24 hours. The 1963 Rome conference recommended defining visitors and tourists to compile international statistics. A visitor is someone who travels for non-work reasons, while a tourist stays at least 24 hours for purposes like leisure, business, or religion. The document also examines holistic definitions of tourism and conceptual frameworks like Leiper's model, which outlines the three elements of tourism - the human (tourist), geographical (generating and destination regions), and industrial (tourism businesses).
The Mathieson and Wall model outlines a 5-stage process for tourist decision making: 1) problem recognition, where a need for travel is identified; 2) information search, where sources are consulted to learn about options; 3) evaluation of alternatives, where a destination is selected; 4) purchase/booking arrangements, where travel is planned; and 5) post-purchase experience, where satisfaction is evaluated. This linear model examines how internal and external factors influence each stage of a tourist's purchase process.
IATO is the national apex body of the tourism industry in India with over 4000 members. It represents all segments of the tourism sector and its members are approved by the Ministry of Tourism. IATO aims to promote ethical practices in tourism and encourage tourism development in India. It acts as a forum to address industry issues and presents problems to the government to help shape policy. IATO holds annual conventions around India to discuss topics relevant to the tourism sector.
The document discusses mountain tourism in India, focusing on the Himalayan region and Western Ghats. It provides details on the major hill stations in these areas, including Srinagar, Gulmarg, Kulu, Manali, and Shimla in the Himalayas as well as Mahabaleshwar, Lonavla, Coorg, Chikmagalur, and Kodaikanal in the Western Ghats. It describes the locations, attractions, activities and transportation access for each hill station. Mountain tourism is an important part of India's tourism industry, offering natural beauty, adventure opportunities, and escape from hotter lowland climates.
Thomas Cook (India) Ltd. is one of India's largest integrated travel and financial services companies. The student is completing an internship with Thomas Cook India in Hubli, where he is working on a project to find potential customers in different market segments, such as corporate clients and students, by promoting Thomas Cook's various travel, foreign exchange, and financial products and services. The intern aims to take personal responsibility for achieving the company's mission through pursuing excellence and honest, trustworthy customer service.
This document discusses tourism products in India. It defines a tourism product as the sum of a country's attractions, transportation, hospitality, entertainment, and infrastructure offered to tourists to provide consumer satisfaction. Tourism products are classified in three ways: by attraction type (natural, man-made, symbiotic), by destination (event-based, site-based), and by category (activity-based, event-based, site-based, destination-based, package-based, circuit-based). The basic components that make up tourism products are a location's natural beauty, climate, culture, people, and supporting infrastructure.
The document outlines emerging areas of tourism including rural tourism which showcases rural life and benefits local communities economically and socially through activities like farm tourism and eco-tourism. It also discusses pilgrimage tourism which allows purification of mind, body and soul and is prominent in India. Medical tourism is described as well, with India offering cost-effective medical facilities, relaxation, and purification of the body through services like Ayurveda.
This document discusses tourism demand, including definitions and important data for measuring demand. Tourism demand is defined as expenditures by visitors during and related to trips outside their usual environment. Key data for measuring demand includes number of visitors, transportation method, length of stay, accommodations, and money spent. Demand is determined by lifestyle factors like income and age as well as the supply environment. Volume statistics measure arrivals and departures while value statistics measure expenditures. Visitor profiles provide additional details. Demand is measured based on propensity to travel and resistance factors like costs and cultural differences at potential destinations.
The document discusses definitions of tourism terms from international organizations. It describes how the League of Nations defined an international tourist in 1937 as someone who visits a country other than their own for at least 24 hours. The 1963 Rome conference recommended defining visitors and tourists to compile international statistics. A visitor is someone who travels for non-work reasons, while a tourist stays at least 24 hours for purposes like leisure, business, or religion. The document also examines holistic definitions of tourism and conceptual frameworks like Leiper's model, which outlines the three elements of tourism - the human (tourist), geographical (generating and destination regions), and industrial (tourism businesses).
The Mathieson and Wall model outlines a 5-stage process for tourist decision making: 1) problem recognition, where a need for travel is identified; 2) information search, where sources are consulted to learn about options; 3) evaluation of alternatives, where a destination is selected; 4) purchase/booking arrangements, where travel is planned; and 5) post-purchase experience, where satisfaction is evaluated. This linear model examines how internal and external factors influence each stage of a tourist's purchase process.
IATO is the national apex body of the tourism industry in India with over 4000 members. It represents all segments of the tourism sector and its members are approved by the Ministry of Tourism. IATO aims to promote ethical practices in tourism and encourage tourism development in India. It acts as a forum to address industry issues and presents problems to the government to help shape policy. IATO holds annual conventions around India to discuss topics relevant to the tourism sector.
The document discusses mountain tourism in India, focusing on the Himalayan region and Western Ghats. It provides details on the major hill stations in these areas, including Srinagar, Gulmarg, Kulu, Manali, and Shimla in the Himalayas as well as Mahabaleshwar, Lonavla, Coorg, Chikmagalur, and Kodaikanal in the Western Ghats. It describes the locations, attractions, activities and transportation access for each hill station. Mountain tourism is an important part of India's tourism industry, offering natural beauty, adventure opportunities, and escape from hotter lowland climates.
Thomas Cook (India) Ltd. is one of India's largest integrated travel and financial services companies. The student is completing an internship with Thomas Cook India in Hubli, where he is working on a project to find potential customers in different market segments, such as corporate clients and students, by promoting Thomas Cook's various travel, foreign exchange, and financial products and services. The intern aims to take personal responsibility for achieving the company's mission through pursuing excellence and honest, trustworthy customer service.
This document discusses tourism products in India. It defines a tourism product as the sum of a country's attractions, transportation, hospitality, entertainment, and infrastructure offered to tourists to provide consumer satisfaction. Tourism products are classified in three ways: by attraction type (natural, man-made, symbiotic), by destination (event-based, site-based), and by category (activity-based, event-based, site-based, destination-based, package-based, circuit-based). The basic components that make up tourism products are a location's natural beauty, climate, culture, people, and supporting infrastructure.
The tourism product - characteristics of tourismKaren Houston
Tourism is a composite, service-based industry that provides a total experience for tourists visiting destinations. The tourism product consists of attractions, activities, amenities, and accessibility. Quality in tourism is important due to competition, and focuses on managing expectations, developing products/services, training employees, and implementing quality assurance standards.
The document discusses the concepts of e-tourism and the role of information technology in the tourism industry. It outlines how e-tourism can expand markets, empower employees, lower costs, and enhance distribution. Key strategies for e-tourism include micro-targeting, personalization, building stickiness, targeting segments, and integrating across channels. New technologies like collaborative filtering, profiling software, and electronic payments are changing the tourism industry value chain and benefiting businesses, customers, and the industry overall.
Tourism is defined as travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The UNWTO defines a tourist as someone traveling outside their usual environment for less than a year for leisure, business, or other purposes. Tourism has grown significantly in recent decades due to factors like increased leisure time, improved transportation infrastructure, and lifestyle changes. There are various types and classifications of tourists based on activities, interests, age, and other demographic factors. Sustainable tourism development aims to meet current economic and travel needs without compromising future generations' ability to do the same.
This document provides an overview of tourism marketing. It discusses key concepts like the marketing concept, target markets and segmentation. Tourism marketing aims to achieve growth in tourism by satisfying tourists and earning profits. The tourism product is complex as it involves many industries and consumer preferences vary widely. Marketing strategies for tourism consider characteristics like the product being intangible and consumption happening instantly. The document also covers SWOT and PEST analysis for tourism marketing and the economic importance of marketing.
This document discusses different types of tour operations including travel agencies, online travel agencies, tour operators, destination marketing organizations, and other organizations. It describes travel agencies as intermediaries between suppliers and travelers. Online travel agencies allow users to choose trip components based on price. Tour operators package and sell all or most trip components. Types of tour operators include inbound, outbound, domestic, ground, and receptive operators.
Tourism products are anything that satisfies a tourist's wants or needs during their travel, including attractions, accessibility, accommodation, amenities, and food. They have characteristics of being intangible, perishable, composite, unstable demand, and fixed supply in the short run. Types of tourism products include natural and man-made attractions, as well as culture, education, religion, traditions, entertainment, business, events, health, eco, rural, ethnic, and golf tourism. Tourism products are produced through a system using primary resources like land and labor, intermediate facilities and services, and result in final tourist experiences.
The students who have asked difficult questions, which have helped us clarify our own thinking, and the students from many countries who have provided us with interesting insights into the national and cultural differences in tourist behavior.
This document discusses medical and wellness tourism in India. It provides details on the various medical facilities and procedures available in India at significantly lower costs than other countries. India has world-class hospitals and doctors who provide treatments like heart surgery, joint replacements, dental care and cosmetic surgery. It also offers alternative therapies like Ayurveda and yoga. Medical tourism is a large industry in India due to the high quality care and huge cost savings compared to places like the US and UK.
The document discusses various themes related to sustainable tourism development including tourism development needs and opportunities, tourism's relationship with the environment, contemporary tourism planning approaches, sustainable tourism definitions and principles, community approaches, and case studies of tourism in different environments. It covers the synergies and conflicts between tourism and the environment as well as the relevance of sustainable development. Some of the opportunities discussed include promoting tourism in diverse areas and with minimal infrastructure investment while some constraints include tourism's sensitive nature and complex product creation through isolated efforts.
The Pacific Asian Travel Association (PATA) was founded in 1951 in San Francisco. PATA aims to develop, promote, and facilitate travel within the Pacific region and Southeast Asia. It operates primarily in the United States market and provides an important meeting point for tourism stakeholders. PATA assists smaller destinations, provides expertise on travel planning and operations, and shares up-to-date industry information with its members.
This document discusses Ayurveda tourism in Kerala, India. It begins by defining tourism and noting the growth of health care holidays. It then provides background on Ayurveda as a medical system in India, particularly in Kerala. Kerala has developed Ayurvedic tourism by offering treatment packages at hotels, resorts, and hospitals. This has socioeconomic benefits and is a growing market. Research and different Ayurvedic treatments have contributed to its development in Kerala. Tourism provides economic and social benefits through employment, wealth, and development of attractive destinations.
This document defines and discusses tourism products. It provides definitions of tourism products from Kotler and Medlik and Middleton, describing them as bundles that satisfy consumer needs and packages that meet tourist needs from origin to destination. The document also outlines key features of tourism products, such as being perishable, requiring user presence, combining tangible and intangible elements, and having uneven demand. Tourism products are described as experiences of places and people that attract tourists and provide physical and psychological satisfaction during travel.
Tourism and Local Economic Development by Emeritus Professor Harold Goodwin discusses how tourism can be used to improve communities rather than just exploit them. The summary is:
1. Tourism should be used to improve places for residents to live rather than just cater to visitors.
2. Responsible tourism minimizes negative impacts, generates local benefits, and involves communities in decisions affecting them.
3. Unique local characteristics and culture give destinations competitive advantages and help attract visitors interested in authentic experiences.
The document discusses sustainable tourism principles and their implementation at Yellowstone National Park. It defines sustainable development and tourism, outlines principles like environmental protection and community well-being. It then describes Yellowstone National Park, its ecological importance, and partnership efforts between the National Park Service and concessionaires to implement sustainable practices like recycling, renewable energy use, and local sourcing to minimize environmental impacts while enhancing the visitor experience.
This document provides a timeline and overview of the history of tourism from ancient Greece to the 21st century. It discusses the origins of travel in ancient Greece through festivals and events like the Olympic Games. It then covers tourism in ancient Rome through their bathhouses and spas. The document moves through the Middle Ages, Renaissance, 19th century developments like the Grand Tour and Thomas Cook creating package tours, and concludes with a brief mention of modern 21st century tourism.
A travel agency helps arrange transportation, accommodations, tours, and trips for travelers. It makes arrangements for people who want to travel. A travel agency has several departments including marketing, sales, advertising, research and development, public relations, finance, accounting, international tourism, domestic travel, and documentation to help plan trips and deal with foreign exchange.
Tourism is defined as the activities, services, and industries that deliver travel experiences. The document discusses various types of tourism including mass tourism versus alternative tourism. It also discusses the different impacts of tourism including economic, socio-cultural, and environmental impacts. Tourism can positively impact economies through foreign exchange earnings and job creation, but it can also cause issues like inflation, seasonality, and leakage of spending outside the local area. Socio-culturally, tourism can help preserve cultural heritage but may also lead to loss of authenticity and commercialization. Environmentally, tourism increases environmental awareness but can damage habitats and wildlife if not managed responsibly.
Sustainable tourism encompasses a wide range of stakeholders and sectors. It aims to manage tourism's environmental, social, and economic impacts in a way that balances tourists' rights with responsibility towards nature and host communities. While some forms of tourism are more compatible with sustainability than others, the principles of sustainability can be applied to any type of tourism through awareness, training, and responsible practices across all sectors and functions of the tourism industry. The understanding and implementation of sustainable tourism varies globally and is more advanced in developed countries that prioritize long-term sustainable development over short-term economic gains.
The document categorizes different types of cultural and environmental activities. It divides cultural activities into indoor and outdoor categories. Indoor cultural activities include visiting museums, art galleries, and exhibitions, which attract many visitors. Outdoor cultural activities include festivals, visits to sites and monuments, and ceremonies. Environmental activities involve visiting gardens, natural attractions like lakes and mountains, and taking walks. Urban recreation includes shopping and special events in historic buildings and neighborhoods. The document also lists several categories of tourism experiences like rural, health, industrial, religious, and eco-tourism.
The tourism product - characteristics of tourismKaren Houston
Tourism is a composite, service-based industry that provides a total experience for tourists visiting destinations. The tourism product consists of attractions, activities, amenities, and accessibility. Quality in tourism is important due to competition, and focuses on managing expectations, developing products/services, training employees, and implementing quality assurance standards.
The document discusses the concepts of e-tourism and the role of information technology in the tourism industry. It outlines how e-tourism can expand markets, empower employees, lower costs, and enhance distribution. Key strategies for e-tourism include micro-targeting, personalization, building stickiness, targeting segments, and integrating across channels. New technologies like collaborative filtering, profiling software, and electronic payments are changing the tourism industry value chain and benefiting businesses, customers, and the industry overall.
Tourism is defined as travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The UNWTO defines a tourist as someone traveling outside their usual environment for less than a year for leisure, business, or other purposes. Tourism has grown significantly in recent decades due to factors like increased leisure time, improved transportation infrastructure, and lifestyle changes. There are various types and classifications of tourists based on activities, interests, age, and other demographic factors. Sustainable tourism development aims to meet current economic and travel needs without compromising future generations' ability to do the same.
This document provides an overview of tourism marketing. It discusses key concepts like the marketing concept, target markets and segmentation. Tourism marketing aims to achieve growth in tourism by satisfying tourists and earning profits. The tourism product is complex as it involves many industries and consumer preferences vary widely. Marketing strategies for tourism consider characteristics like the product being intangible and consumption happening instantly. The document also covers SWOT and PEST analysis for tourism marketing and the economic importance of marketing.
This document discusses different types of tour operations including travel agencies, online travel agencies, tour operators, destination marketing organizations, and other organizations. It describes travel agencies as intermediaries between suppliers and travelers. Online travel agencies allow users to choose trip components based on price. Tour operators package and sell all or most trip components. Types of tour operators include inbound, outbound, domestic, ground, and receptive operators.
Tourism products are anything that satisfies a tourist's wants or needs during their travel, including attractions, accessibility, accommodation, amenities, and food. They have characteristics of being intangible, perishable, composite, unstable demand, and fixed supply in the short run. Types of tourism products include natural and man-made attractions, as well as culture, education, religion, traditions, entertainment, business, events, health, eco, rural, ethnic, and golf tourism. Tourism products are produced through a system using primary resources like land and labor, intermediate facilities and services, and result in final tourist experiences.
The students who have asked difficult questions, which have helped us clarify our own thinking, and the students from many countries who have provided us with interesting insights into the national and cultural differences in tourist behavior.
This document discusses medical and wellness tourism in India. It provides details on the various medical facilities and procedures available in India at significantly lower costs than other countries. India has world-class hospitals and doctors who provide treatments like heart surgery, joint replacements, dental care and cosmetic surgery. It also offers alternative therapies like Ayurveda and yoga. Medical tourism is a large industry in India due to the high quality care and huge cost savings compared to places like the US and UK.
The document discusses various themes related to sustainable tourism development including tourism development needs and opportunities, tourism's relationship with the environment, contemporary tourism planning approaches, sustainable tourism definitions and principles, community approaches, and case studies of tourism in different environments. It covers the synergies and conflicts between tourism and the environment as well as the relevance of sustainable development. Some of the opportunities discussed include promoting tourism in diverse areas and with minimal infrastructure investment while some constraints include tourism's sensitive nature and complex product creation through isolated efforts.
The Pacific Asian Travel Association (PATA) was founded in 1951 in San Francisco. PATA aims to develop, promote, and facilitate travel within the Pacific region and Southeast Asia. It operates primarily in the United States market and provides an important meeting point for tourism stakeholders. PATA assists smaller destinations, provides expertise on travel planning and operations, and shares up-to-date industry information with its members.
This document discusses Ayurveda tourism in Kerala, India. It begins by defining tourism and noting the growth of health care holidays. It then provides background on Ayurveda as a medical system in India, particularly in Kerala. Kerala has developed Ayurvedic tourism by offering treatment packages at hotels, resorts, and hospitals. This has socioeconomic benefits and is a growing market. Research and different Ayurvedic treatments have contributed to its development in Kerala. Tourism provides economic and social benefits through employment, wealth, and development of attractive destinations.
This document defines and discusses tourism products. It provides definitions of tourism products from Kotler and Medlik and Middleton, describing them as bundles that satisfy consumer needs and packages that meet tourist needs from origin to destination. The document also outlines key features of tourism products, such as being perishable, requiring user presence, combining tangible and intangible elements, and having uneven demand. Tourism products are described as experiences of places and people that attract tourists and provide physical and psychological satisfaction during travel.
Tourism and Local Economic Development by Emeritus Professor Harold Goodwin discusses how tourism can be used to improve communities rather than just exploit them. The summary is:
1. Tourism should be used to improve places for residents to live rather than just cater to visitors.
2. Responsible tourism minimizes negative impacts, generates local benefits, and involves communities in decisions affecting them.
3. Unique local characteristics and culture give destinations competitive advantages and help attract visitors interested in authentic experiences.
The document discusses sustainable tourism principles and their implementation at Yellowstone National Park. It defines sustainable development and tourism, outlines principles like environmental protection and community well-being. It then describes Yellowstone National Park, its ecological importance, and partnership efforts between the National Park Service and concessionaires to implement sustainable practices like recycling, renewable energy use, and local sourcing to minimize environmental impacts while enhancing the visitor experience.
This document provides a timeline and overview of the history of tourism from ancient Greece to the 21st century. It discusses the origins of travel in ancient Greece through festivals and events like the Olympic Games. It then covers tourism in ancient Rome through their bathhouses and spas. The document moves through the Middle Ages, Renaissance, 19th century developments like the Grand Tour and Thomas Cook creating package tours, and concludes with a brief mention of modern 21st century tourism.
A travel agency helps arrange transportation, accommodations, tours, and trips for travelers. It makes arrangements for people who want to travel. A travel agency has several departments including marketing, sales, advertising, research and development, public relations, finance, accounting, international tourism, domestic travel, and documentation to help plan trips and deal with foreign exchange.
Tourism is defined as the activities, services, and industries that deliver travel experiences. The document discusses various types of tourism including mass tourism versus alternative tourism. It also discusses the different impacts of tourism including economic, socio-cultural, and environmental impacts. Tourism can positively impact economies through foreign exchange earnings and job creation, but it can also cause issues like inflation, seasonality, and leakage of spending outside the local area. Socio-culturally, tourism can help preserve cultural heritage but may also lead to loss of authenticity and commercialization. Environmentally, tourism increases environmental awareness but can damage habitats and wildlife if not managed responsibly.
Sustainable tourism encompasses a wide range of stakeholders and sectors. It aims to manage tourism's environmental, social, and economic impacts in a way that balances tourists' rights with responsibility towards nature and host communities. While some forms of tourism are more compatible with sustainability than others, the principles of sustainability can be applied to any type of tourism through awareness, training, and responsible practices across all sectors and functions of the tourism industry. The understanding and implementation of sustainable tourism varies globally and is more advanced in developed countries that prioritize long-term sustainable development over short-term economic gains.
The document categorizes different types of cultural and environmental activities. It divides cultural activities into indoor and outdoor categories. Indoor cultural activities include visiting museums, art galleries, and exhibitions, which attract many visitors. Outdoor cultural activities include festivals, visits to sites and monuments, and ceremonies. Environmental activities involve visiting gardens, natural attractions like lakes and mountains, and taking walks. Urban recreation includes shopping and special events in historic buildings and neighborhoods. The document also lists several categories of tourism experiences like rural, health, industrial, religious, and eco-tourism.
This document defines attractions and discusses their classification and management. An attraction is defined as a permanent establishment where the main purpose is sightseeing that must be open to the public. Attractions can be classified based on their physical environment, ownership, perception, admission policies, appeal, size, composition, and degree of performance. The success of attractions is influenced by management skills, the product offered, market demand, access, amenities, and the mood of visitors. Key themes in attraction management include demand factors, environmental impacts, seasonality, visitor numbers, diversification, and moving attractions towards more technology-based elements.
Tourist attractions are places that people visit for cultural, historical, natural or entertainment value. They include historical sites, monuments, zoos, parks, aquariums, theme parks, museums, living history museums, botanical gardens, and communities known for their ethnic culture. Natural attractions are geographic or geological features like mountains and beaches that have been formed by nature. Man-made attractions include historically significant or architecturally interesting buildings, forts, and theme parks. A site attraction appeals because of the destination itself, like a city or resort area. Event attractions draw tourists specifically to see festivals, exhibitions, sports competitions, or other activities taking place there.
The document discusses different types of tourist attractions and activities including natural attractions like beaches and parks, cultural attractions like historical and art sites, and special attractions like casinos and entertainment. It provides guidelines for planning and managing natural attractions, cultural attractions, and special attraction types. Specific topics covered include policy and planning approaches, managing park and site use, and planning for theme parks, conventions, and other facility types. The overall aim is to discuss attraction types and considerations for planning tourist destinations.
This document discusses classifications of visitor attractions. Visitor attractions are defined as sites open to the public that are the focus of visitor and management attention. They can be single units or small geographical areas focused on a key feature. Attractions are classified based on their physical environment, ownership, perception, admission policies, appeal, size and capacity, composition, volume of visitors, and organizational complexity. The success of attractions is also influenced by management skills, the type of attraction or product offered, market demand, access, hours of operation, on-site amenities, nearby amenities, quality of service, and value for money.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
There has been a global increase in tourism over the last 60 years due to factors like increased disposable income, more paid holidays, and cheaper travel. Popular destinations include cities, beaches, and mountain areas for their culture, recreation, and scenery. Tourism is important for many economies, but can negatively impact the environment if not managed properly. Ecotourism is an alternative that involves small-scale tourism to benefit local environments and communities in a sustainable way.
The document discusses concepts related to costing in the travel and tourism industry. It describes how full costing includes all fixed and variable costs to compute the total cost per unit of output. It then outlines the various components that make up the costs of a tour, including hotels, meals, transportation, guides and other miscellaneous expenses. Finally, it discusses how travel agents calculate pricing by adding a markup to the total costs.
The document discusses marketing strategies for tourism products. It outlines the 7 Ps of tourism marketing - product, price, place, promotion, process, people, and physical evidence. For each P, it provides details on key considerations. For example, it notes that the tourism product consists of attributes and benefits for customers. It also gives examples of SOTC's initiatives for people including training programs and developing employees.
Tourism is a complex multi-sector industry that involves the movement and accommodation of people traveling to destinations outside their home environment. It provides economic benefits through job creation and foreign exchange earnings, but can also impose social and environmental costs on host communities. The tourism industry comprises several operating sectors including transportation, accommodation, food services, attractions, and tour operators that work together to meet the needs of various types of visitors engaging in tourism for purposes like business, pleasure, and visiting friends and relatives.
The document discusses propaganda used during the Spanish Civil War by both sides of the conflict - the Republican side and the Nationalist side. Both sides created posters to promote their messages and convince the public to support their cause. The Republican posters promoted communism and workers rights, while Nationalist posters promoted Catholic values and a stronger, united Spain. Propaganda was an important way both sides tried to gain support during the divisive Spanish Civil War.
This document provides an overview of tourism in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It discusses major tourist attractions like temples, forts, beaches, and national parks. It notes that Andhra Pradesh has many religious pilgrimage sites including the wealthy Tirumala Venkateswara Temple. Major cities like Hyderabad, Visakhapatnam, and Warangal are highlighted for their historical and religious significance. Natural attractions include the Araku Valley, Borra Caves, and Godavari River gorge. The best time to visit is from November to January when the climate is tropical and monsoon season has ended.
heritage walk ahemdabad has changed the scenario and perspective of people looking at the heritage property of ahemdabad.
its just a part of my tour documentation.
and its my first upload.
so please add suggestions in comments.
10 Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in AustraliaTravel
It’s time to know about 10 Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Australia: the names are: Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, Sydney Opera House, Great Barrier Reef, Blue Mountains National Park, Sydney Harbour Bridge, Melbourne, Great Ocean Road, Broome and the Kimberley region, Fraser Island. These are the destinations you must visit in Australia.
Desert tourism resources of india sadique alialisdq550
The document summarizes desert tourism in India. It discusses the different types of deserts in India, including the Thar Desert in Rajasthan and Gujarat, the Jodhpur Desert, and the Kutch Desert. It outlines some of the key attractions and activities in major desert destinations like Jaisalmer. These include visiting cultural sites like Jaisalmer Fort, enjoying camel safaris and sand dune camping. The document also notes that deserts support unique biodiversity and that festivals celebrate the culture and traditions of desert communities. In conclusion, it states that desert tourism is an emerging concept in India and popular festivals attract domestic and foreign tourists to experience activities like camel riding and camping
Adventure Tourism Fundamental Workshops, Spring 2010Sandy Ratliff
The document advertises a series of free business workshops covering fundamental business skills like developing a business plan, financing options, marketing, hiring employees, and customer service. Experts will discuss topics important for starting a new business or improving an existing small business, including business models, requirements for financing, using social media, employee management obligations, and customer satisfaction. The workshops will be held twice weekly over four weeks in Norton, Virginia, with advanced registration required.
The importance of context markers element in developing bandung techno park a...Adrian Agoes
this presentation is explaining a paper with the same title. the paper discusses the context markers elements from a research on Bandung Techno Park potential to be developed as a tourist or visitor attraction.
The document summarizes some of India's World Heritage Sites as recognized by UNESCO. It discusses 29 total sites, including 23 cultural sites and 6 natural sites. Some of the sites highlighted include the Ajanta Caves, Agra Fort, Kaziranga National Park, Manas Wildlife Sanctuary, Mahabodhi Temple Complex, Humayun's Tomb, Qutub Minar, Red Fort Complex, Churches and Convents of Goa, Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park, Group of Monuments at Hampi, Group of Monuments in Pattadakal, Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka, Khajuraho
This document provides an overview of the rich architectural heritage found in the monuments of India, spanning various historical periods from 3300 BC to the present. It highlights some of the most prominent examples of architecture from the Indus Valley Civilization, Buddhist architecture during the Maha Janapadas period like the Sanchi Stupa, temples from the Middle Ages such as the Shore Temple and Sun Temple, iconic structures representing Indo-Islamic architecture including the Taj Mahal and Qutub Minar, as well as some examples of colonial-era architecture like India Gate. The monuments discussed serve as living artifacts that help explore India's long history and ancient cultures.
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) selects and helps countries protect world heritage sites from around the globe. It has registered 1007 sites total, including 779 cultural sites and 197 natural sites, across 195 member countries. World heritage sites are places of special cultural or physical significance that are protected by the UNESCO World Heritage Programme. Some famous sites include the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, the Great Wall of China, the Colosseum in Rome, and numerous forts and temples across India that showcase its rich cultural heritage.
This presentation discusses several important World Heritage Sites in India. It begins by outlining the significance of tourism and how it benefits various service industries. It then provides details on 32 World Heritage Sites within India, including their classifications as cultural or natural sites. Specific sites are discussed in further detail, including the Taj Mahal, Red Fort, Golconda Fort, Konark Sun Temple, Qutub Minar, Ellora Caves, and Ajanta Caves. Each summary highlights the historical significance and important architectural features of each site. In conclusion, it is noted that historic monuments and forts have played a major role in defining India's cultural heritage.
This document provides a summary of a presentation on World Heritage Sites. It discusses several important World Heritage Sites in India including the Taj Mahal, Red Fort, Golconda Fort, Konark Sun Temple, Qutub Minar, Ellora Caves, and the ruins of Hampi. It describes the main structures and highlights of each site, their history, when they were built, and importance as cultural or natural heritage locations.
India is the world’s seventh-largest country stretching from the high mountains of the Himalayas to the tropical greenery of Kerala, and from the sacred Ganges to the sands of the Thar desert. Its more than one billion inhabitants are divided into two thousand ethnic groups and speak over 200 different languages.
Conform its size and population, India has an almost endless variety of cultures, landscapes, monuments and places to explore. From the ancient ruins, fascinating religious structures, exotic cities and diverse landscape there is an endless collection of tourist attractions in India that will never cease to awe and fascinate the visitor.
- UNESCO is the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, established in 1946 and headquartered in Paris. It aims to encourage conservation of natural and cultural heritage around the world through initiatives like the World Heritage Convention.
- India has over 30 cultural sites and 7 natural sites inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, including the Taj Mahal, Ellora and Ajanta Caves, Sundarbans National Park, and Nanda Devi National Park.
- These sites represent outstanding examples of architectural, archaeological, and natural heritage, showcasing India's rich cultural traditions and biodiversity. UNESCO works to promote their protection for future generations.
The document provides information on several UNESCO World Heritage sites located in India. It discusses the World Heritage Convention of 1972 and lists 38 properties in India that are inscribed on the World Heritage List, including cultural sites like the Agra Fort, Taj Mahal, Ajanta Caves, Ellora Caves, and Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram. It provides brief summaries of these prominent Indian world heritage sites, noting their historical and architectural significance.
This 6-night, 7-day tour covers important cultural sites in Chennai, Mahabalipuram, Pondicherry, Thanjavur and Trichy in Tamil Nadu. Key attractions include the Shore Temple and Arjuna's Penance in Mahabalipuram, the Aurobindo Ashram and Notre Dame Church in Pondicherry, the Brihadeshwara Temple complex in Thanjavur, and temples such as the Rock Fort and Jambukeshwara in Trichy. The itinerary provides sightseeing tours and overnight stays in each city, allowing travelers to experience the exceptional heritage and architecture of these regions in South India.
The document provides information about the author's visit to Nepal from November 2nd to 9th, 2011. It includes brief descriptions of Nepal's geography, notable mountains like Mount Everest, and the country's appeal as a tourist destination due to its fascinating landscape. Specific locations mentioned include Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, Pashupatinath Temple, Lumbini, Pokhara, Manakamana Temple, a mountaineering museum, and Chitwan National Park.
The document provides information about various historical monuments located across India. It discusses notable North Indian monuments such as Hawa Mahal and City Palace in Jaipur, Umaid Bhawan Palace in Jodhpur, and Lake Palace in Udaipur. It also describes the Akshardham temple in Delhi and the ancient Nalanda University in Bihar. In South India, it mentions the large Bahubali statue at Shravanbelagola and the Konark Sun Temple in Odisha. The document concludes with a brief overview of how the Archaeological Survey of India works to conserve nationally important ancient monuments and archaeological sites across the country.
Explore India's UNESCO World Heritage Sites—Taj Mahal, Ajanta & Ellora Caves, Qutub Minar, and Amer Fort. Immerse in centuries-old history, marvel at architectural wonders, and witness India's rich cultural legacy.
Padmavathi Travels arrages for the best Chennai to mahaballipuram tour package at best price. In this Chennai to Mahabalipuram travel packages, we include car rental, driver bata, tollgate, parking. On the way sightseeings are included in this package. Padmavathi Travels Pledge ourselves to Provide the delightful Chennai to Mahabalipuram packages. We have Well Experienced Drivers to make the trip hassle free
The document provides information on World Heritage Sites in India. It begins by defining what a World Heritage Site is and the categories of sites. It then discusses the criteria for a site to be included on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Next, it provides details on the 39 cultural, 7 natural, and 2 mixed sites currently designated in India. It gives a brief introduction and images for some of the prominent cultural sites, including Agra Fort, Ajanta Caves, Ellora Caves, Fatehpur Sikri, and Group of Monuments at Pattadakal.
Is it finally time for that first holiday you’ll be taking ? If so, then most likely you’ll be looking for a reasonably cheap destination where you can have all the fun in the world and enjoy your newfound independence.Here it is: I'm presented about a best holiday destination.
This document lists and provides brief descriptions of major museums and palaces in India. It outlines 10 prominent museums, including the National Museum in Delhi, Indian Museum in Kolkata, and Salar Jung Museum in Hyderabad. Details are also provided on the National Rail Museum in Delhi and Napier Museum in Trivandrum. The document then lists 9 major palaces, such as the City Palace and Hawa Mahal in Jaipur, Maharaja's Palace in Mysore, and Umaid Bhawan Palace in Jodhpur, providing 1-2 sentences on each.
DISCOVER INDIA ON THE BASIS OF ARCHITECTURAL WONDERSAntilog Vacations
India is a land of several architectural wonders with an amazing blend of Buddhist, Hindu, Persian, Afghan, Dutch, Britishers, French and Portuguese structures.
Ancient History (1st to 9th centuries) – Tamil Nadu was ruled by Early Cholas between 01st to 04th century. During later half of 04th century Pallavas emerged into prominence and dominated for 400 years.
Medieval History (9th to 15th centuries) – Cholas rose as a strong power in 09th century. Pandyas emerged in early 14th century and in later 14th century a new kingdom was built called Vijayanagr empire.
Modern History (17th -19th century) -The British, under the British East India Company, established a settlement further south, in present day Chennai, in the year 1639.
The document traces the evolution of information and communication technologies from ancient abacuses through modern computers and the internet. It discusses the development of early mechanical calculators and computers using vacuum tubes. The introduction of transistors, integrated circuits, and microprocessors led to smaller, more powerful computers. Significant developments included the first microprocessor in 1971, the IBM PC in 1981, and the introduction of graphical user interfaces. The World Wide Web was developed in 1991, allowing for widespread internet connectivity. The document provides an overview of the key innovations that have shaped the digital age.
The document provides an overview of the timeshare industry, including:
1) It discusses the origins and evolution of timeshare, beginning in the US in 1968 and spreading to other countries like India in the 1980s.
2) It describes the three main types of timeshare - deeded interests, right-to-use, and leasehold agreements.
3) It summarizes the current state of the timeshare industry in India, noting there is significant potential for growth but it remains relatively untapped currently. The industry is dominated by a few major players like Club Mahindra.
The document summarizes current Indian tourism initiatives. It discusses how the Indian tourism ministry's budget has increased each year to promote tourism development. It outlines several projects to boost tourism infrastructure, promote cultural circuits, and provide training to improve tourism workforce skills. The ministry aims to establish India as a global filming destination and expand its visa on arrival program to attract more visitors.
Climate change poses threats to many types of tourism including mountain, winter, island and coastal tourism. Rising global temperatures are causing glaciers and snowpacks to melt, threatening winter sports. Sea level rise also endangers coastal and island destinations. While some areas may see longer summer seasons, warmer conditions could discourage tourists from visiting destinations known for cooler climates. The tourism industry will need to adopt new strategies like artificial snowmaking to adapt to climate change impacts.
Market segmentation involves dividing the total market into subgroups with similar needs and characteristics. It allows companies to target specific groups and focus their marketing efforts. The key benefits are increased marketing effectiveness, greater customer satisfaction, and the ability to design tailored marketing mixes. Some common bases for segmentation include demographics, behaviors, lifestyles, benefits sought, and geographic factors. Effective segmentation provides guidelines for resource allocation and helps organizations develop more focused strategies.
The document discusses online marketing portals. It defines a web portal as a website that aggregates information from different sources in a uniform way, with each source getting its own dedicated display area. Examples given are AOL, Excite, MSN, Yahoo. The document then discusses the history of web portals, how they gained popularity in the late 1990s, and classifications such as horizontal, vertical and personal portals. It describes different types of portals such as news, government, cultural, corporate, stock, search and tender portals. The engineering aspects of portals and how they aggregate content from other servers is also summarized.
This document discusses several legal and ethical issues related to online marketing and e-commerce. It covers topics such as privacy laws regarding collection and use of consumer data, monitoring of employee internet usage, intellectual property laws, taxation of online sales, and revenue recognition standards for internet companies. Specific acts and laws addressed include the Financial Services Modernization Act, the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, and standards from the Financial Accounting Standards Board regarding internet business accounting.
This document discusses knowledge development in online marketing. It begins by noting that the world is increasingly connected through networks of individuals and organizations. It then discusses the benefits of knowledge development, such as profitable growth through innovation and efficiency. It also notes that knowledge development can create an attractive workplace. The document goes on to discuss challenges of knowledge databases, such as them becoming outdated quickly. It advocates connecting people to collaborate and share ideas to create knowledge. Finally, it discusses the role of communities in knowledge development, such as creating, organizing, disseminating and embedding knowledge.
The document discusses Internet protocols and TCP/IP. It describes how the Internet protocols were developed in the 1970s to facilitate communication between different computer systems. The key protocols are TCP and IP. TCP provides reliable data transmission and IP provides best-effort delivery of packets across networks. The document outlines the TCP/IP protocol stack and key concepts like IP addressing, ARP, routing, ICMP, TCP connection establishment and sliding windows.
The document discusses best practices for designing an effective homepage. It recommends that a homepage should clearly communicate the site's purpose and value, show major site options above the fold in limited text, and ensure easy access back to the homepage from anywhere on the site such as through a consistent logo link. The homepage is the first impression of a site so it needs to be limited in length and professionally designed to attract visitors.
The document discusses online marketing opportunities in the global market. It begins by explaining how the internet flattens the world by allowing marketers to more easily do business internationally. It then discusses several opportunities for global online marketing, such as expanding into new markets and territories without boundaries, forming global partnerships, and providing worldwide customer service.
The document then examines some challenges for online marketers expanding into emerging markets, such as differences in language, internet infrastructure issues like slow connection speeds and high costs, and lack of credit card usage. It stresses the importance of analyzing country markets for similarities and differences to determine strengths and weaknesses. The document also discusses using alternative payment methods besides credit cards in some countries.
Finally, the document notes
This document discusses e-commerce and its evolution. It defines e-commerce as the use of the internet and web to conduct business transactions digitally. Key points made include:
- E-commerce differs from e-business in that e-commerce involves a commercial transaction, while e-business is digital enablement within a firm.
- Features of e-commerce include ubiquity, global reach, interactivity, and personalization.
- E-commerce has evolved through three stages - innovation, consolidation, and current reinvention through social media and web 2.0.
- Major limitations include access to technology and overcoming social/cultural barriers to digital shopping.
- Common revenue models for
E-business represents the use of electronic technology, especially the internet, for business purposes. It allows companies to connect with suppliers, distributors, and business partners through tools like data warehousing and networks. E-business also allows companies to participate in larger online business communities. The document then defines several common e-business terms and discusses infrastructure requirements, costs, and marketing strategies for e-business.
The document discusses various aspects of e-marketing. It begins by explaining how businesses are increasingly using the internet and e-marketing strategies to promote their products and services. It then describes different types of e-marketing like banner ads, email marketing, affiliate marketing, online classifieds, and search engine marketing. For each method, it provides examples and discusses their benefits such as low cost, tracking ability, and targeting capabilities. The document also covers e-marketing costs, common questions about e-marketing strategies, and tips for using e-marketing effectively.
This document discusses differentiation and positioning strategies for online marketing. It defines differentiation as adding meaningful differences to distinguish a product from competitors. Companies can differentiate along dimensions like product, services, personnel, channel, and image. Specific internet differentiation strategies include site environment, making intangibles tangible, building trust, efficient order processing, pricing, and customer relationship management. Positioning involves creating a desired image in the public's mind based on relevant attributes, benefits, user categories, competitors, or an integrator role. The document provides examples of how companies have implemented various differentiation and positioning strategies online.
This document discusses consumer behavior in online marketing. It begins by defining consumer and business markets, and consumer buying behavior. It then covers the consumer decision-making process, which involves problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase, and post-purchase evaluation. Influences on consumer behavior include personal characteristics, psychological factors, and environmental influences. The document also discusses types of online shoppers and compares online versus traditional consumers in terms of technology adoption, convenience, loyalty and trust, products versus services, and site design.
This document provides an overview of key considerations for website design and development. It discusses the importance of planning, including researching users and business objectives. Good design principles like navigation, layout, visual identity and credibility are covered. The document also outlines important technical aspects like accessibility, usability, search engine optimization and social sharing. Key terms are defined and the planning and design process is broken down step-by-step from initial research to final layout. Overall, the document emphasizes starting with users and having strong foundations through planning as essential to creating high-quality digital assets and websites.
The document outlines 9 types of online marketing: display advertising, search engine marketing, search engine optimization, social media marketing, email marketing, referral marketing, affiliate marketing, inbound marketing, and video marketing. Each type is briefly defined.
This document discusses the 7 P's of marketing and the e-marketing mix. It explains how the internet is changing how products and services are sold by allowing consumers to research and purchase items online. As a result, organizations need online strategies to attract and retain customers. The e-marketing mix considers how to present the traditional marketing mix elements (product, price, place, promotion) online. Specific e-strategies discussed include providing detailed product information, competitive online pricing, delivering products directly to consumers, placing promotional links and ads strategically online, and using email marketing, surveys, online communities and affiliate programs. The goal of an e-marketing strategy is to engage customers and drive sales through the various digital marketing channels.
This document discusses the advantages and barriers of online marketing as well as opportunities and challenges. It provides an overview of key advantages such as low cost reach of large audiences, donor retention and cultivation opportunities. Barriers include costs, staff resistance, and technological issues. Opportunities discussed include mobile, social network and tablet advertising. Challenges include short attention spans, global competition and low conversion rates. Critical success factors and reasons for the slower evolution of online marketing in India are also examined, including infrastructure, cultural, and regulatory issues.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
2. Tourism slogans
• Indian Tourism-Atithi Devo Bhava.
• Kerala-God's Own Country.
• AP-The Kohinoor of India, unending
discovery, essence of Incredible india
• MP-The Very Heart of India.
• Chattisgarh-Full of Surprises.
• Rajasthan-Simply Colorful/The Grand
Canvas.
• Pondicherry-Give time a break, peaceful
• Himachal Pradesh-The Perfect Host, A
destn 4 all reasons & all
seasons, unoforgotable himachal
• Orissa -The soul of India.
• Tamil Nadu-Experience
yourself, enchanting tamilnadu
• UP-Amazing Heritage, Grand Experience.
• West Bengal-Complete
Destination, beautiful bengal
• Goa- 365 days on a holiday.
• Lakshadweep – 99% fun 1% land, 100
thousand islands
• Jammu & kashmir – Heaven on Earth,
Chalo kashmir
• Punjab – the smiling face of India, India
begins here
• Uttrakhand – never out of season, the
land of gods, simply heaven
• Haryana - A pioneer of highway tourism
• Rajasthan – Incredible state of India
• Bihar –
• Jharkhand – A new experience
• Sikkim – small but beautiful
• Arunachal pradesh – gateway to serenity,
exotically yours
• Assam –
• Gujarat – Kushboo gujarat ki
• Maharashtra – Unlimited, explore
• Karnataka – one state many worlds
• Andaman – Enjoy but do not destroy the
beauty
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 2
3. International tourism slogans
• Australia. A different light We can't wait to say G'day
• % Pure New Zealand
• Vietnam. A Destination for the New Millennium
• There's no place like Hong Kong Hong Kong will take
your breath away!
• Come to Bangladesh before the tourists
• Philippines. More than the usual
• Thailand. Happiness on Earth. Amazing Thailand -
Experience Variety. Amazing Thailand - Dreams for
all seasons.
• Malaysia. Truly Asia.
• Where Else But Queensland Beautiful one day,
perfect the next
• Manly. Seven Miles from Sydney, a Thousand Miles
from Care…
• Incredible India India. Eternally Yours
• There's no place like it (campaign for Sydney & New
South Wales)
• Indonesia. Ultimate in Diversity. My Indonesia - Just
a Smile Away
• Uniquely Singapore. Live it up in
Singapore! Surprising Singapore
• Croatia. The Mediterranean as it once was
• Live it. Visit Scotland
• Lancashire. It's a real pleasure.
• Austria. At last! Austria. You've arrived
• Ireland. The Island of Memories... Awaken To A
Different World
• Live your myth in Greece A new point of view.
(campaign for Athens, Attica) Greece. Beyond
Words.
• Wales. Big Country
• Cyprus. The Island for All Seasons Cyprus. A whole
world on a single island
• Smile! You are in Spain! Spain Marks , Spain.
Everything Under the Sun
• Andalucia. There's only one.
• Switzerland. Get natural
• Luzern. Swiss made.
• Latvia. The Land that Sings. The Heartland of the
Baltic
• Andorra. The Pyrenean Country.
• Pure. Natural. Unspoiled. Iceland. The Way Life
Should Be.
• Sicilia. Everything else is in the shade
• Estonia. Positively Transforming.
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 3
4. World Heritage sites in India
• The World Heritage Sites in India recognized by the UNESCO
are 28, as of 2010
• These are places of importance of cultural or natural
heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage
Convention, established in 1972
• India’s first two sites inscribed on the list at the Seventh
Session of the World Heritage held in 1983 were the Agra
Fort and the Ajanta Caves
• Over the years, 26 more sites have been inscribed, the latest
site inscribed in 2010 being the Jantar Mantar, Jaipur.
• Of these 28 sites, 23 are cultural sites and the other 5 are
natural sites.
• A tentative list of further sites/properties submitted by India
for recognition includes 30 sites
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 4
6. Kaziranga Wild Life Sanctuary,
• Assam in the flood plains of
the Brahmaputra River’s south
bank, was declared in 1985 for
its unique natural environment.
• It was first established as a
reserved forest in 1908 to
protect the dwindling species of
Rhinoceros.
• It underwent several
transformations over the
years, as The Kaziranga Game
Sanctuary in 1916, renamed as
Kaziranga Wild Life Sanctuary in
1950, and declared a national
park in 1974.
• The park, which covers an area
of 42,996 hectares (106,250
acres), has the distinction of
being home to the world's
largest population of the Great
Indian One-Horned Rhinoceros.
Manas Wildlife Sanctuary,
• an area of 50,000 hectares (120,000 acres) in
the plains of the Manas, by UNESCO in 1985 for
its unique natural environment.
• The sanctuary is the habitat of several species of
plants and 21 most threatened species of
mammals, out of 55 mammal species in the
sanctuary, 36 reptile species, 3 amphibians and
350 species of birds;
• endangered species include Tiger, pygmy
hog, clouded leopard, sloth bear, Indian
Rhinoceros, wild buffaloes (the only pure stain
of buffaloes in India), Indian Elephants, golden
langur and Bengal Florican.
• In 1907, it was declared a reserve forest, was
declared a sanctuary in 1928, and became a
Tiger Reserve in 1973 as part of “Project Tiger”
and a World Heritage Site in December 1985.
• Plants listed under the broad category of Burma
Monsoon Forests include 285 species
of Dicotyledons and 98 species
of Monocotyledons.
• Since 1992, the sanctuary has been listed under
“The World Heritage in Danger”
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 6
7. Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya (Buddha
Gaya),
• spread over an area of 4.86 hectares (12.0 acres)
• The first temple was built by Emperor Ashoka in
the 3rd century BC (260 BC) around the Bodhi
Tree Ficus religiosa (to the west of the temple).
However, the temples seen now are dated
between 5th and 6th centuries AD. The
structures have been built in bricks.
• Revered and sanctified as the place where
Siddhartha Gautama Buddha was enlightened in
531 BC at age 35, and then propagated his divine
knowledge of Buddhism to the world, it has been
the ultimate temple for reverential worship, over
the last several centuries, by Buddhists of all
denominations, from all over the world who visit
on pilgrimage.
• The main temple is 50 m in height, built
in Indian architectural style, dated between 5th
and 6th centuries, and it is the oldest temple in
the Indian sub-continent built during the
“Golden Age” of Indian culture credited to
the Gupta period.
• Sculpted balustrades of the Ashokan times (3rd
century BC) are preserved in the Archaeological
Museum located within the temple complex
Humayun’s Tomb, Delhi,
• the first tomb built with several innovations, set at
the centre of luxurious gardens with water
channels, was the precursor monument to the Taj
Mahal (built a century later).
• It was built in 1570 and was inscribed as a UNESCO
World Heritage Monument in 1993 for its cultural
importance.
• It was built in 1569–1570 by the second
Mughal Emperor Humayun’s widow Biga Begum
(Hajji Begum).
• Its architecture is credited to Mirza Ghiyath and
its Mughal architectural style has been acclaimed as
the “necropolis of the Mughal dynasty” for its double
domed elevation provided with Chhatris
• .Apart from the tomb of Humayun, the funerary also
has 150 tombs of various members of the royal
family.
• The tomb is built with achar-bagh (fourfold) layout
with two gates, one on the south and the other on
the west. It has a number of water channels, a
pavilion and a bath.
• The tomb set on an irregular octagonal plinth has a
raised dome of 42.5 m height, covered by marble
slabs and decorated with chhatris
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 7
8. • Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi,
• located to the south of Delhi, is a complex with the Qutb
Minar as the centre piece, which is a red sandstone tower
of 72.5 metres (238 ft) height with a base of 14.32 metres
(47.0 ft) reducing to 2.75 metres (9.0 ft) diameter at the
top.
• Built in the beginning of the 13th century, the complex of
structures comprises itineraries, the Alai Darwaza Gate
(1311), the Alai Minar (an incomplete mound of the
intended Minar or tower), the Qubbat-ul-Islam Mosque (the
earliest existing mosque in India), the tomb of Iltumish, and
an Iron Pillar.
• The complex is a testimony to the Islamic depredations
during the period as seen from the materials used for
building the complex which are those that were removed
after destroying Hindu and Jain temples;
• a shining iron pillar of 7.02 metres (23.0 ft) height (without
any trace of rusting) erected at the centre of the complex,
with inscriptions in Sanskrit, of the Chandra Gupta II period
is a moot witness.
• History records its construction, initially by Qutubuddin
Aibak in 1192, its completion by Iltumish (1211–36) and
again by Alauddin Khalji (1296–1316).
• It underwent several renovations by subsequent rulers,
following damage to the structures due to lightning.
• It was inscribed under the UNESCO World Heritage List
under category iv for its unique representation of the
Islamic architectural and artistic excellence
• Red Fort Complex
• built in the 17th century by Shahjahan (1628–58), the
fifth Mughal Emperor as part of his new capital city of
Shahjahanabad.
• located to the north of Delhi
• The architectural design of the structures built within the
fort represents a blend of Persian, Timuri and Indian
architectural styles;
• Isfahan, the Persian Capital is said to have provided the
inspiration to build the Red Fort Complex.
• the precursor of several monuments which were built
later in Rajasthan, Delhi, Agra and other places.
• The palace complex has been fortified by an enclosure
wall built with red sand stone (hence the name Red Fort).
• It is adjacent to the Salimgarh Fort on its north built
by Islam Shah Suri in 1546 and is now part of the Red Fort
Complex (area covered 120 acres) under the revised
inscription of the UNESCO World Heritage List under
categories (i),(ii), (iii) and (vi).
• Built between 1639 and 1648, enclosing an area of size
656 metres (2,152 ft)x328 metres (1,076 ft) and raising to
a height of 23 metres (75 ft) on the right bank of
the Yamuna River, it is linked to the Salimgarh Fort
through a bridge over an old river channel, now a city
road.
• The palace within the fort complex, located behind the
Diwan-i-Am (Hall of Public Audience), comprises a series
of richly engraved marble palace pavilions,
interconnected by water channels called the ‘Nehr-i-
Behishit’ meaning the “Stream of Paradise”, the Diwane-i-
khas (Private audience hall), several other essential
private structures, and also the Moti Masjid (Pearl
Mosque built by Emperor Aurangzeb)
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 8
9. Churches and Convents of Goa
• are monuments inscribed by UNESCO under the World
Heritage List in 1986 as cultural property, under criteria
(ii),(iv) and (vi), which were built by
the Portuguese colonial rulers of Goa between 16th and
18th centuries.
• These monuments are mainly in the former capital
of Velha Goa. Velha Goa is also known Goem, Pornem
Gõy, Adlem Gõi, Old Goa or Saibachem Gõi, where Saib or
Goencho Saib refers to Saint Francis Xavier.
• The most significant of these monuments is the Basilica
of Bom Jesus, which enshrines the tomb containing the
relics of St. Francis Xavier.
• These monuments of Goa, known as the “Rome of the
Orient,” were established by different Catholic religious
orders, from 25 November 1510 onwards.
• There were originally 60 churches of which some of the
surviving monuments in the city of Velha Goa are the
Saint Catherine's Chapel (where one of the first, probably
only besides the Angediva Island, Latin rite mass in
Asia, was held on Saint Catherine's feast day- i.e. 25
November 1510),
• These monuments were forerunners in establishing an
ensemble of the Manueline, Mannerist and Baroque art
forms in the Asian region.
• The monuments are built in laterites and walls plastered
with limestone mortar mixed with broken shells. For this
reason, the monuments need constant maintenance to
prevent deterioration due to monsoon climatic
conditions, and thus keep them in good shape.
Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park
• is situated in Panchmahal district in
Gujarat,
• It was inscribed as a UNESCO World
Heritage Site in 2004 as a natural site.
• There is a concentration of largely
unexcavated archaeological, historic and
living cultural heritage properties cradled in
an impressive landscape which includes
prehistoric (chalcolithic) sites, a hill fortress
of an early Hindu capital, and remains of
the 16th century capital of the state of
Gujarat.
• The site also includes, among other
vestiges, fortifications, palaces, religious
buildings, residential precincts, agricultural
structures and water installations, from the
8th to the 14th centuries.
• The Kalikamata Temple on top of
the Pavagadh Hill is considered to be an
important shrine, attracting large numbers
of pilgrims throughout the year.
• The site is the only complete and
unchanged Islamic pre-Mughal city
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 9
10. The Group of Monuments at
Hampi
• comprise a sombre but
ostentatious Hampi town, in
northern Karnataka.
• Hampi subsumes the ruins
of Vijayanagara, which was the
former capital of
the Vijayanagara Empire.
• Dravidian temples and palaces
abound in Hampi.
• These won the admiration of
travellers between the 14th and
16th centuries.
• Hampi, as an important Hindu
religious centre, has
the Virupaksha
Temple (different
from Pattadakal's Virupaksha
Temple) and
• several other
monuments, which are part of
the cultural heritage site
inscribed under category (i), (iii)
and (iv) in the UNESCO World
Heritage List
The Group of monuments in Pattadakal
• designated under UNESCO World Heritage
List, in 1987, cover a remarkable series of
nine Hindu temples, as well as a Jain sanctuary.
• In this group of temples, the Virupaksha
Temple, built in c. 740 by Queen Lokamahadevi
to commemorate her husband's victory over the
kings from the south, is considered the most
outstanding architectural edifice (This is
different from the Virupaksha
Temple at Hampi.)
• These are a remarkable combination of temples
built during the Chalukya Dynasty in the 6th
century at Aihole, Badami and Pattadakal, the
latter city was known as the "Crown Rubies,"
which was also for a short period the capital city
of the Chalukya Kingdom when the Pallavas had
occupied Badami in the 7th century.
• The temples represent a remarkable fusion of
the architectural features of northern and
southern India.
• Pattadakal is also considered as the Hindu holy
city with eight temples dedicated to Shiva with
a shaivite sanctuary;
• Papanatha Temple and Jaina Temple are also
within this complex
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 10
11. Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi,
• located 45 kilometres (28 mi)
from Bhopal are a group of Buddhist
monuments dated between 200 BC
and 100BC.
• The site, however, has been
conjectured to have been developed
in the 3rd century BC, when Emperor
Ashoka of the Mauryan Empire ruled.
• The principal monument is Stupa 1
dated to the 2nd century and 1st
century BC.
• These Buddhist sanctuaries were
active Buddhist religious monuments,
which flourished till 12th century AD.
• The sanctuary has a plethora of
monolithic pillars, palaces, temples
and monasteries in different status of
preservation.
• by UNESCO on January 24, 1989 for its
unique cultural importance.
• It was discovered only in 1818 in a
deserted state of preservation.
• Archaeological excavations
undertaken thereafter revelled 50
unique monuments.
Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka
• “the site complex … a magnificent repository
of rock paintings within natural rock shelters”
• foothills of the Vindhya range of hills
• It is spread in sandstone formations
extending over an area of 1893 ha with a
buffer zone 10,280 hectares (25,400 acres).
• The rock shelters, discovered only in
1957, comprise a group of “five clusters of
rock shelters” with paintings that are inferred
to date from the “Mesolithic period right
through to the Historical period”, with the 21
villages surrounding them reflecting the
traditions displayed in the rock paintings.
• The unique rock art has been discovered in
400 painted shelters spread over an area of
1,892 ha amidst dense forest with high
diversity of flora and fauna, with one of the
shelters dated from 100,000 BC
(Late Acheulian) to 1000 AD.
• by UNESCO in 2003 as a unique cultural
property representing a convergence
displayed in the art form between the people
and the landscape with links to the hunting
gathering economy of the past.
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 11
12. Khajuraho Group of Monuments
• Chandela dynasty of Rajput descent
reached its glory between 950 AD and
1050 AD.
• The ensemble of monuments that have
survived belong to
the Hindu and Jain Religious practices
with striking fusion of sculpture and
architecture;
• the best example of this outstanding
feature is seen in the Kandariya Temple.
• Of the 85 temples built, only 22 temples
have survived in an area of 6sqkm,
which represents the Chandela period
of the 10th century.
• by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site, a
cultural property on October 15, 1982
for its unique original artistic creation
and proof of the Chandela Culture that
existed prior to the Muslim invasion of
India in the early 12th century.
Ajanta Caves
• are Buddhist caves that were built in two
phases, the first phase was from 2nd
century BC.
• In the second phase, further additions
were made during the 5th and 6th
centuries AD of the Gupta period.
• The caves depict richly decorated
paintings, frescoes, which are
reminiscent of the Sigiriya paintings
in Sri Lanka and sculptures.
• As a whole, there are 31 rock-cut cave
monuments which are unique
representations of the religious art of
Buddhism.
• Ellora Caves also known as Ellora
Complex are a cultural mix of religious
arts of Buddhism,Hinduism and Jainism.
• These are 34 monasteries and temples
sculpted contiguously into rock walls of a
high basalt cliff, which are seen along a
length of 2 kilometres (1.2 mi).
• Dated to 600 to 1000 AD, they are a
reflection of artistic creation of the
ancient civilization of India.
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 12
13. The Elephanta Caves
• are a network of sculpted caves located
on Elephanta Island, or Gharapuri
(literally "the city of caves") in Mumbai
Harbour, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the
east of the city of Mumbai.
• The island, located on an arm of
the Arabian Sea, consists of two groups
of caves — the first is a large group of
five Hindu caves, the second, a smaller
group of two Buddhist caves.
• The Hindu caves contain rock cut stone
sculptures, representing the Shaiva
Hindu sect, dedicated to the god Shiva.
• The rock-cut architecture of the caves is
dated to between the 5th and 8th
centuries, although the identity of the
original builders is still a subject of
debate.
• The caves are hewn from solid basalt
rock.
• Renovated in the 1970s, the caves were
designated an UNESCO World Heritage
Site in 1987 to preserve the artwork
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
• headquarters of the Central Railways.
• It is one of the busiest.
• The station was designed by Frederick
William Stevens, a consulting architect
in 1887–1888.
• It took ten years to complete and was
named "Victoria Terminus" in honour of
the Queen and Empress Victoria;
• it was opened on the date of her
Golden Jubilee in 1887.
• This famous architectural landmark
in Gothic style was built as the
headquarters of the Great Indian
Peninsular Railway.
• In 1996, in response to demands by
the Shiv Sena and in keeping with the
policy of renaming locations with Indian
names, the station was renamed by the
state government after Chatrapati
Shivaji, the famed 17th
century Maratha king.
• On 2 July 2004, by the World Heritage
Committee ofUNESCO.
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 13
14. Konark Sun Temple
• is a 13th-century Sun Temple
(also known as the "Black
Pagoda"), atKonark.
• Located on the east coast of
the Bay of Bengal in
the Mahanadi Delta, it is built in
the form of
the chariot of Surya (Arka), the
sun god with 24 wheels, and is
heavily decorated with symbolic
stone carvings and led by a team
of six horses.
• It was constructed from
oxidizing weathered
ferruginous sandstone by
King Narasimhadeva I of
the Eastern Ganga Dynasty.
• World Heritage Site inscribed in
1984 as cultural property under
categories (i), (iii) and (vi)
Keoladeo National Park
• in Bharatpur is located within the Indus-
Ganges Monsoon Forest Biogeographical Province.
• It extends over an area of 2,783 hectares (6,880
acres).
• It was declared a national park in 1982.
• Earlier to this, in 1900, it was a duck-hunting
reserve of the Maharajasof Bharatpur, then
became a bird sanctuary in 1956, with the
Maharajas exercising shooting rights till 1972, and
was recorded as a Ramsar Wetland site, in 1981.
• in the UNESCO List in 1985 under category (x), as a
natural property.
• The area of the wetland of the park shrinks to
1,000 hectares (2,500 acres) during most part of
the year.
• It has a human-built environment created partly by
embankments dividing the area into 10 units, and
has sluice controlled arrangement to maintain the
water level.
• It is famous for 364 species of wintering birds that
flock in large numbers, arriving from distant
countries
of Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, China and Siberia. It
is surrounded by 17 villages and the Bharatpur city
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 14
15. Jantar Mantar
• in Jaipur is a collection of architectural
astronomical instruments, built by
Maharaja (King) Jai Singh II at his then
new capital of Jaipur between 1727 and
1734.
• It is modelled after the one that he had
built at the Mughal capital of Delhi.
• He had constructed a total of five such
facilities at different locations, including
the ones at Delhi and Jaipur.
• The Jaipur observatory is the largest
and best preserved of these and has a
set of some 20 main fixed instruments
built in masonry.
• It has been inscribed as cultural
property on the UNESCO World
Heritage List as "an expression of the
astronomical skills and cosmological
concepts of the court of a scholarly
prince at the end of the Mughal period
Great Living Chola Temples
• built by kings of the Chola Empire
• three great temples of 11th and 12th
century namely,
– the Brihadisvara Temple at Thanjavur,
– the Brihadisvara Temple at
Gangaikondacholisvaram and
– the Airavatesvara Temple at Darasuram.
• The Temple of
Gangaikondacholisvaram, built by
Rajendra I, was completed in 1035.
• Its 53 metres (174 ft) vimana (sanctum
tower) has recessed corners and a
graceful upward curving
movement, contrasting with the straight
and severe tower at Thanjavur.
• The Airavatesvara temple complex, built
by Rajaraja II, at Darasuram features a 24
metres (79 ft) vimana and a stone image
of Shiva.
• The temples testify to the brilliant
achievements of the Chola in
architecture, sculpture, painting and
bronze casting.
• The site was inscribed under UNESCO
World Heritage List in 2004 as Cultural
heritage under criteria (ii) and (iii
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 15
16. Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram
• about 58 km from Chennai, were built
by the Pallava kings in the 7th and 8th
centuries.
• The town is said to have gained
prominence under the rule
of Mamalla.
• These monuments have been carved
out of rock along the Coromandel
coast.
• The temple town has approximately
forty monuments, including the
largest open-air bas-relief in the
world.
• It was inscribed under the UNESCO
World Heritage list in 1984 as a
cultural heritage under categories
(i)(ii)(iii)(vi).
• The monuments inscribed are
the Ratha Temples: Temples in the
form of chariots, Mandapas, 11 Cave
sanctuaries covered with bas-reliefs,
rock relief of Descent of the Ganges,
which is the largest open air Rock
relief also known as Arjuna's
Penance or Bhagiratha's Penance
Agra Fort,
• also known as the Red Fort of Agra, which
represented Mughal opulence and power as
the centre piece of their empire, List in 1982,
under Category iii as a cultural monument.
• The fortress located on the right bank of the
Yamuna River, built in red sandstone, covering
a length of 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) and
surrounded by a moat, encloses several
palaces, towers and mosques.
• These were built from 16th century onwards
till early 18th century, starting with Emperor
Akbar's reign in the 16th century to that
of Aurangzeb in the early part of the 18th
century, including the contributions made
during the reign of Jahangir and Shahjahan of
the Moghul Rule in India;
• the impressive structures built within the
precincts of the fort are the Khas Mahal, the
Shish Mahal, Muhamman Burje (an octagonal
tower), Diwan-i-Khas (1637), Diwan-i-Am,
white marble mosque or the Pearl Mosque
(built during 1646–1653) and the Nagina
Masjid (1658–1707).
• These monuments are remarkable for the
fusion of Persian art of the Timurid and the
Indian art form. It is very close to the
famous Taj Mahal with a buffer zone
separating the two monumentsR'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 16
17. Fatehpur Sikri
• "the City of Victory," was built during the second half of the 16th century by
the Mughal Emperor Akbar (1556-1605).
• It was the capital of the Empire and seat of the grand Mughal court, but only
for 14 years.
• Despite bearing exceptional testimony to the Mughal civilization at the end of
the 16th century, it had to be abandoned due to the twin reasons of lack of
water and unrest in north-west India, leading the Emperor to shift the capital
to Lahore.
• Akbar decided to construct it in 1571, on the same site where the birth of his
son, the future Emperor Jahangir, was predicted by the wise saint
Shaikh Salim Chisti(1480-1572).
• The work, supervised by the great Mughal himself, was completed in 1573.
• The complex of monuments and temples, all uniformly in Mughal
architectural style, includes one of the largest mosques in India, the Jama
Masjid, the Buland Darwaza, the Panch Mahal, and the Tomb of Salim Chishti.
• The English traveller Ralph Fitch considered the city in 1585 as 'considerably
larger than London and more populous.'
• Its form and layout strongly influenced the evolution of Indian town
planning, notably at Shahjahanabad (Old Delhi).
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 17
18. Taj Mahal
• one of the Seven Wonders of the World is a mausoleum –
a funerary mosque.
• It was built by Emperor Shahjahan in memory of his third wife
Begum Mumtaz Mahal who had died in 1631.
• It is a large edifice made in white marble in typical Mughal architecture, a
style that combines elements from Persian, Islamic and Indian
architectural styles.
• This much acclaimed masterpiece was built over a 16 year period between
1631 and 1648 under the Chief Architect Ustad Ahmad Lahauri supported
by several thousand artisans under the guidance of an Imperial Committee.
• It was inscribed in the UNESCO in 1983, under Category i, as a cultural
property/monument.
• It is set amidst vast Mughal Gardens, which cover 17 hectares (42 acres) of
land on the right bank of the Yamuna River.
• It has an octagonal layout marked by four exclusive minarets at four corners
with a pristine elevation of a central bulbous dome below which the tombs
are laid in an underground chamber.
• Calligraphic inscriptions in-crusted in polychromatic pierra dura, decorative
bands and floral arabesques glorify the monument's graphic beauty and
provide a picture perfect impression to the viewers
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 18
19. Mountain Railways of India
– Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
– Nilgiri Mountain Railway
– Kalka-Shimla Railway
• However, the Mountain Railways of India are five railway lines built in the mountains
of India in the 19th and early 20th century, during the British Raj, which are run even today
by the Indian Railways.
• Three out of these five railways,
– Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (1881),
– Kalka-Shimla Railway (1898)
– Kangra Valley Railway (1924),
are located in the rugged hill regions of the Himalayas of Northern India
• the other two are much further south in the Western Ghats
– Nilgiri Mountain Railway in Southern India,
– Matheran Hill Railway in Maharashtra.
• The World Heritage UNESCO recognition to three of the five Mountain Railways of India has
been stated as for being "outstanding examples of bold, ingenious engineering solutions for
the problem of establishing an effective rail link through a rugged, mountainous terrain.
• The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway was recognized first in 1999, the Nilgiri Mountain Railway
followed suite as an extension to the site in 2005, and in 2008 the Kalka–Shimla Railway was
further added as an extension; and the three together have been titled as Mountain
Railways of India under Criteria: ii, iv under the region in the Asia-Pacific.
• The claims of the Matheran Hill Railway, the fourth hill line, are pending acceptance by the
international body
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 19
20. Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks
• in West Himalaya.
• Valley of Flowers National Park is renowned for its meadows of
endemic alpine flowers and outstanding natural beauty. It is
located in the Garhwal Himalaya of Chamol
District of Uttaranchal, This richly diverse area is also home to rare
and endangered animals, including the Asiatic black bear, snow
leopard, brown bear and blue sheep. gentle landscape of the
Valley of Flowers
• rugged mountain wilderness of Nanda Devi National Parka unique
transition zone between the mountain ranges of
the Zanskar and Great Himalaya.
• The park stretches over an expanse of 87.5 km2 (33.8 sq mi). It was
established as a national park on 6 November 1982.
• However, it was initially established as a game sanctuary on 7
January 1939.
• under the UNESCO List in 1988 with extension in 2005 under
category (vii) and (x).
• Together, they comprise the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, is on
the UNESCO since 2004R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 20
21. Sundarbans National Park
• the largest estuarine mangrove forest in the world
• is a National Park, Tiger Reserve, and a Biosphere Reserve located in
the Sundarbans Ganges river delta bordering the Bay of Bengal.
• It is also on the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves.
• The Sundarbans as a whole encompasses 10,000 km2 (3,900 sq mi) of land and
water, about 5,980 km2 (2,310 sq mi) in India and the balance is in Bangladesh.
• It is integral to the world's largest delta of 80,000 km2formed from sediments
deposited by the three great rivers, the Ganges, the Brahmaputra and the Meghna,
which confluence in the Bengal Basin.
• The entire basin is traversed by a complex network of interconnecting waterways.
• Tidal waves as high 75 m are a regular feature here.
• Though, the history of protection in the area of Indian part of the Sundarbans dates
back to 1878, it was declared as the core area of Sundarbans Tiger Reserve in 1973
and a wildlife sanctuary in 1977 of 133,000-hectare core area within the 258,500
hectares (639,000 acres) Sundarbans Tiger Reserve.
• On May 4, 1984 it was declared a National Park. It was inscribed on
the UNESCO list in 1987 as a natural property under category (ix) and (x).
• This region is densely covered by mangrove forests, and is one of the largest
reserves for the Bengal tiger. It is also home to a variety of bird, reptile and
invertebrate species, including the salt-water crocodile
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 21
22. Tentative list of World Heritage Sites
• Temples at Bishnupur, West Bengal is famous for
its terracotta temples and the balucheri sarees.(1998)
• Buddhist Monastery Complex, Alchi, Leh, is also known as
"Alchi Chos-kor." (1998)
• Golconda Fort, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh (1998)
• Dholavira: a Harappan City in Gujarat, Kachchh district, is
one of the largest and most prominent archaeological sites
in India, belonging to the Indus Valley Civilization. (1998)
• Rani ki vav (The Queen's Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat, is a
famous stepwell. (1998)
• Mattancherry Palace, also known as
the Dutch Palace, in Mattancherry, Kochi, Kerala features
Kerala murals depicting Hindu temple art, portraits and
exhibits of the Rajas of Kochi. (1998)
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 22
23. • Tomb of Sher Shah Suri, Sasaram, Bihar, was built in
memory of Afghan Emperor Sher Shah Suri who ruled
Delhi in Northern India for five years, after
defeatingHumayun, the 2nd Mughal Emperor. (1998)
• Mandu, Madhya Pradesh Group of Monuments are in
the fortress town on a rocky outcrop about 100 km
(62 mi) from Indore, and are celebrated for their fine
architecture.(1998)
• Ancient Buddhist Site in Sarnath, Varanasi, Uttar
Pradesh where Gautama Buddha first taught
the Dharma, and where the Buddhist Sangha came into
existence through the enlightenment of Kondanna.
(1998)
• Hemis Gompa, a Tibetan Buddhist monastery of
the Drukpa Lineage, is located in Hemis, Ladakh, 45 km
from Leh. (1998)
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 23
24. • Sri Harimandir Sahib (The "Golden Temple")
in Amritsar, Punjab, is the holiest shrine in Sikhism.
(2004)
• River Island of Majuli in midstream of
the Brahmaputra River in Assam. (2004)
• The Matheran Light Railway, is an extension to
the Mountain Railways of India) (2005)
• Western Ghats, also known as the Sahyadri Mountains,
a mountain range along the western side of India and
one of the world’s ten "Hottest biodiversity hotspots"
(sub cluster nomination). (2006)
• Namdapha National Park, the largest protected area in
the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot is located
in Arunachal Pradesh in Northeast India. (2006)
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 24
25. • Wild Ass Sanctuary, largest wildlife sanctuary in India is
known for the endangered wild ass sub-species of Indian
Wild Ass in Little Rann of Kutch. (2006)
• Kangchendzonga National Park, a national park and a
Biosphere reserve is located in North Sikkim district.
(2006)
• Urban and Architectural Work of Le Corbusier in
Chandigarh, is home to numerous architectural projects
of Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret, Matthew Nowicki
andAlbert Mayer. (2006)
• The Kangra Valley Railway – Extension to the Mountain
Railways of India (2009)
• Churchgate, a Churchgate station, is a terminus of
Western Railway line of Mumbai suburban railway.
Extension to Mumbai CST (2009)
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 25
26. • The Maharaja Railways of India comprises several railway lines
that were maintained in the past by the erstwhile Maharajas of
India during the British rule. (2009)
• Oak Grove School, the school was started by the British East
India Company on June 1, 1888, predominantly caters to the
children of Indian Railways employees. (2009)
• Excavated Remains at Nalanda, an ancient center of higher
learning, is one of the world's first residential universities with a
number of ruined structures in Bihar. (2009)
• Great Himalayan National Park is the latest addition to India's
national parks, located in Kullu region in the state of Himachal
Pradesh. (2009)
• Bhitarkanika Conservation Area a mangrove wetland in Orissa
(2009)
• Neora Valley National Park one of the richest biological zones in
the entire Northeast situated in the Kalimpong subdivision
under Darjeeling District in West Bengal (2009)
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 26
27. • Desert National Park, an example of the ecosystem of
the Thar Desert (2009)
• Silk Road Sites in India, is part of the extensive
interconnected network of trade routes across the Asian
continent connecting East, South, and Western Asia with
the Mediterranean world, as well as North and
Northeast Africa and Europe. (2010)
• Santiniketan made famous by Nobel
Laureate Rabindranath Tagore, whose vision became the
present university town Visva-Bharati University. (2010)
• Delhi, India's historic national Capital- nominated
for World Heritage City status. (2011)
• Ahmedabad, the historic and most important city of the
state of Gujarat in India- nominated for World Heritage
City status. (2011)
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 27
28. Valleys
• The valleys of India, lapped by the
mighty Himalayas, constitute a great
wonderland for tourists across the world
seeking a dose of adventurous sports.
These valleys having low density, snow
capped peaks and pervading Monastery
and Temples make together an amazing
locations to be hankered. Some of the
most important valleys in India include
Spiti Valley, Kangra Valley, Chamba
Valley, Damodar Valley and Sutlej Valley
which are pervaded in different
geographical locations of the country. All
of these valleys, forming wonderful
natural beauty of India, appeal large
number of fun loving and adventure
seeking people, and captivate them with
their innate natural beauty.
• Dachigam – Srinagar
• Pin valley – spiti region of himachal
Pradesh
Bhakra Nangal Valley
• Located across the river Sutlej, Bhakra
Nangal Dam is the world's highest
straight gravity dam. The Dam is
constructed at the height of 226 meters
and is 90 km long. The total area
covered by the Bhakra Dam is about
168 sq km, of which 90% is the part of
Bilaspur and 10% of the area belongs to
the Una district.
Damodar Valley
• Damodar River flows in the north
eastern part of India, in the state of
Bihar. In the upper valley area Damodar
is dominated with the major economic
activities. Damodar Valley is the highly
developed industrial area. The valley is
dotted with more than 400 industrial
units. It is the treasure house of Indian
coal.
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 28
29. Sutlej Valley
• Longest of five rivers in Punjab, Sutlej rises on
the southern slopes of the holiest Kailash
mountains, near the Mansarovar lake. The scenic
beauty of the Valley provides the excellent
opportunity to indulge in the eco travel. The
valley is quite popular among the trekkers,
rafters and Kayekers. Apart from the adventure
activities the valley is popular birding site.
Tons Valley
• Situated in the Himalayan state of Uttaranchal,
near Himachal Pradesh, Tons Valley, is one of the
most charming and scenic places in India. Snow
covered peaks, glittering rivers and picturesque
hills all add to the tourists attractions of the Tons
Valley. Along with the pristine Tons river the
valley is enthralling destination for the adventure
enthusiast.
Nagarjunasagar Valley
• Nagarjunasagar Valley is one of the biggest and
most important center of the Buddhist
settlement in the southern India. The most
famous attractions of the valley is the Nagarjuna
sagar Dam is constructed on the river Krishna. It
is considered as the biggest Dam in Asia. The
ideal time to visit the valley lies between the
month of October to February.
Kangra Valley
• Located in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh,
Kangra Valley is the the most pleasant and
relaxing destination in the Himalayas. The valley
is cladded with the numerous of sightseeing
places such as Brajeshwari Temple and
Chintpurni, which makes it a perfect holiday
destination. Kangra Valley is is also the ideal
location for the adventure sports.
Chamba Valley
• Located amidst the Shivalik ranges, Chamba
Valley is one of the most loveliest valleys in
Himachal Pradesh. The valley is quite famous for
its temples and the architectural beauty. The U
shaped valley also provides the exciting
opportunity for rock climbing, trekking,
mountaineering and kayaking.
Doon Valley
• Known as the 'Hanging Valley of Gods', Doon
Valley lies between the two sacred rivers of
India – Ganga and Yamuna. The lush green
grassy land and the dense forests of Chestnuts,
walnuts, willows and chinars makes it an ideal
location for the nature lovers. The valley is the
trekking paradise.
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 29
30. Suru Valley
• Located in far west of Ladakh in the Jammu and
Kashmire region of India, Suru Valley, is one of the
most fascinating holiday destination. It is like the long
magical land with the abundance of wild
flowers, snow clad peaks and rocky mountains.
Sankoo, Rangdum, and Panikhar are the most famous
attractions of the Suru Valley.
Spiti Valley
• The beautiful valley of Spiti originates from the 16,000
feet high Kunzum range. Spiti is popularly called as the
land of lamas. The Valley is dotted with the numerous
Buddhist Monasteries. Apart from the sightseeing
places, the valley holds the spectacular wildlife and
enthralling adventure activities.
Valley of Flowers
• The popular Valley of Flowers nestled in Uttrakhand is
a famous national park and which is at its best when
the flowers bloom.
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 30
31. Caves
• India provides the impressive range of caves
located through out the country. The caves
in India provides most amazing and unusual
experience, which hardly fails to impress
the visitors. Dating back to thousands years
old, Caves in India are epitome of
architectural masterpiece. Putting its charm
alive despite being so old and
delapidated, these caves with its unique
architectural beauty have become world
famous tourists center to be visited by
visitors from all over. Caving in India is an
adventure into the pre-historic times, which
should not be missed on the tour to India.
Some of the caves that have got big
recognition world wide are
Ajanta, Ellora, Elephanta, Amarnath, Udaigir
i, Patal Bhuvaneshwar and Aurangabad
caves.
• Belum caves, Kurnool
Ajanta and Ellora Caves
• The caves of Ajanta and Ellora lies in the district of
Aurangabad in the state of Maharashtra. There are
total of 29 caves in Ajanta and 34 caves in Ellora.
These rock cut caves of Ajanta and Ellora are the
architectural marvel that also finds place in World
Heritage list.
Badami Caves
• Badami Caves are located near the red sandstone
ridge in the northern part of the Karnataka in India.
There are total of four caves that were built during
the regime of the Chalukya Empire around the 6th
century. The best time to visit these caves lies
between the month of October to February.
Bhimbetka Caves
• Beautifully surrounded by the forests of Sal and
teak, Bhimbetka Caves are located in the state of
Madhya Pradesh. The local inhabitants around the
Bhimbetka caves have the deep religious thoughts
attached to it. The name Bhimbetka caves is on the
name of Bhima, the hero of great Hindu epic called
Mahabharata.
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 31
32. Borra Caves
• Borra caves are the natural caves, that
are said to have originated from the
Gosthani river, which flows through
these caves. The caves are said to be
more than 150 years old. They were
discovered by the British geologist
William King Gorge in the year
1807.Vizag
Elephanta Caves
• The Elephanta caves are located on the
small Elephanta Island in the Arabian
Sea, 10 km from the gateway of India.
Listed in the UNESCO World Heritage
Site, Elephanta caves are the
architecturally rich.
Khandagiri Caves
• The caves of Khandagiri are located at
the height of the 118 feet, at the
distance of six kilometers from
Bhubaneshwar. It houses the total of 15
caves. The cave remains open from 8
am to 6 pm. The best time to visit these
caves is after the month of March.
Nellitheertha Cave
• Nellitheertha Cave is located in
Nellitheertha, in the state of Karnataka
in India. The cave of Nellitheertha is
about 200 meters long, which dates back
to year 1487. It is one of the holy
destination in the state of
Karnataka, visited by hundred of tourists
every year.
Pataleshwar Cave Temple
• Pataleshwar cave temple was carved out
in the 8th century. The Pataleshwar cave
temple was dedicated to the Lord
Pataleshwar (God of Underworld). The
most striking feature are cave temple is
the unique sound of the bells. Pune
maharashtra
Undavalli Caves
• The four stories of the Undavalli Caves
are said to be found in the 7th century.
They are associated with the
Vishnukundin Kings of AD 420 – 620.
These exotic caves of Undavalli were
dedicated to the Anantapadmanabha
and Narisimhaswami, Guntur AP
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 32
33. Lakes
• The diverse geographical structure and huge
river line forms numerous lakes in the country.
Though, some of them are artificial, but they
surpass many of natural lakes in their purity and
beauty. In short, the tranquil and pristine lakes
of India conceal a great charm in their tender
arms. Almost every region of the country is
dwelt by several of lakes that add great charm
to their natural characteristics. Rajasthan and
Himachal Pradesh, North-Western state and
Northern state of India, respectively, are
undoubtedly in possession of larger number of
lakes than anywhere else in the country. Dhebar
lake, Nakki lake, Pushkar lake, Chandra Tal, Suraj
Tal, Dal Lake are some of the most important
lakes that lies in these regions.
Even moving towards South, one will have
abundant of opportunity to encounter many
popular lakes like Husain Sagar, Vembanad lake,
Chembarambakkam and Sashthamkotta. The
hundreds of lakes lying in the rich natural
surroundings all over the country attract large
number of tourists, and have become hot picnic
spots.
• Chandra Tal Lake is situated at a height of 4300
m and 6 kms away from the Kunzum Pass in
Spiti and Lahaul district of Himachal Pradesh
India.
Dal Lake
• Located in the Kangra district in Himachal
Pradesh, Dal Lake is the is the nature gift to the
mankind. Undoubtly it is one of the most
beautiful lake in India. The lake is divided into
the major three parts known as Gagri bal, Lokut
Dal and Bod Dal. Dotted with numerous Mughal
Gardens and orchards, it si the most sought
after destination in India.
Bhimtal Lake
• Located 22 km from Nainital, Bhimtal Lake, is
named after the second pandava called Bhima
of the famous epic Mahabharata. It is one of the
largest lakes in the Nainital and the second
largest lake in Kumaoun. The lake provides the
excellent opportunity for boating, fishing and
angling i its water.
Roopkund Lake
• Roopkund Lake lies in the Chamoli district of
Uttranchal at the height of 5029 meter. The lake
provides the stunning view of the Trishul peak
(7122 meter). Due to it less depth it also known
as the shallow Lake. The mystery behind the
Roopkund Lake has now been solved. The best
time to visit the lake lies between December to
April.
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 33
34. Vembanad Lake
• Vembanad Lake lies in Kumarakom, 15 kms away
from the Kottayam district of Kerala. It is the
largest fresh water lake in Asia. Vembanad Lake
supports the large variety of flora and fauna.
Kottayam is the vast network of several rivers
and canals, which drains water into the large
expanse of water known as the Vembanad Lake.
Pushkar Lake
• Pushkar is an artificial lake located in the state of
Rajasthan in India. It is situated near the Pushkar
town in the district of Ajmer. The lake was
constructed in the 12th century with the
estabishment of the dam across the headwaters
of the Luni river. The pious Pushkar Lake is
regarded as the sacred lake among the Hindus in
India.
Osman Sagar Lake
• Popularly known as the 'Gandipet', Osman Sagar
Lake is the man made lake created by the dam
across the Isa, a tributary of the river Musi. It is
the main source of water supply to the twin
cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad. The ideal
time to visit the lake is after the monsoons. Away
from the city the lake provides the charming
atmosphere to the tourists.
Chilka Lake
• The pristine Chilka lake is situated on the east
coast of Orissa India. It is largest brakish salt
water lagoon in Asia. Chilka Lake is the popular
destination for the Eco tourism. The lake
receives direct water supply from the Mahanadi
river. The lake holds the rich flora and fauna and
is the famous birding site in India.
Hussain Sagar Lake
• Hussian Sagar Lake is an artificial lake, which is
located in the Indian State of Hyderabad. The
major attraction of the Lake is a, 16 meter tall,
350 tonne monolithic statue of Buddha, that lies
in the middle of the lake, on the rock of
Gibraltar. The lake connects the two traditional
cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad, they are
popularly known as the twin cities.
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 34
35. Wular Lake (also spelt Wullar), India's largest fresh water lake is located
in Bandipore district in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. It is also one of the
largest freshwater lakes in Asia. The lake basin was formed as a result
of tectonic activity and is fed by the Jhelum River. The lake's size varies from 12 to 100
square miles (30 to 260 square kilometers), depending on the season. Boating, water
sports and water ski have recently been launched by the Government of India Tourism
in collaboration with Kerala Tourism and J&K Tourism. The contract for the operation of
the site was awarded in September 2011.
Kolleru Lake is a large freshwater lake located in Andhra Pradesh state, India. Kolleru is
located between Krishna and Godavari delta. Kolleru spans into two districts - Krishna
and West Godavari. The lake serves as a natural flood-balancing reservoir for these two
rivers. The lake is fed directly by water from the seasonal Budameru and Tammileru
streams, and is connected to the Krishna and Godavari systems by over 68 inflowing
drains and channels. The lake was an important habitat for an estimated 20 million
resident and migratory birds, including the Grey or Spot-billed Pelican . The lake was
notified as a wildlife sanctuary in November 1999 under India's Wildlife Protection Act
of 1972, and designated a wetland of international importance in November 2002
under the internationalRamsar Convention. The wildlife sanctuary covers an area of
308 km².
Pulicat Lake is the second largest brackish – water lake or lagoon in India. It straddles the
border of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu states on theCoromandal Coast in South
India. The lake encompasses the Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary. The barrier
island of Sriharikota separates the lake from the Bay of Bengal. The island is home to
the Satish Dhawan Space Centre.
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 35
37. South Indian Dynasties
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 37
Dynasty Contribution
Cholas Great living chola Temples
Pallavas The Rock Cut Temples
Pandyas Madurai Temple
Satavahanas Amaravati, Ellora
Western Ganga Dynasty Shravana Belagola
Chalukyas Pattadakkal, Badami
Hoyasalas Halebidu
Kakatiyas Ramappa temple
Rashtrakutas Kailashnatha Temple
Vijayanagara Virupaksha, Hampi
42. Tourism organizations
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 42
Organization Year Location
ASTA 1931 America
IATA 1945 Montreal
ICAO 1947 Montreal
IUOTO 1947 London
WATA 1949 (May 5) Geneva
PATA 1951(Honolulu) San Francisco
TAAI 1951 New Delhi
FHRAI 1955 New Delhi
ITDC 1966 New Delhi
UFTAA 1966(Rome) Brussels
WTO 1974 Madrid
IATO 1982 New Delhi
43. Tourism Companies
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 43
Company Founder Year Location
Thomas Cook Thomas Cook 1841 Leicester, England
American express Henry Wells 1850 New York
Cox & Kings Richard Cox 1758 London
Kuoni Alfred Kuoni 1906 Zurich, Swiss
Sotc 5 members 1949, Mumbai
44. Famous 50 attractions of the world
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 44
Attraction location
Times Square New York City, NY, USA
National Mall & Memorial Parks Washington, D.C., USA
Disney World’s Magic Kingdom Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA
Trafalgar Square London, England, UK
Disneyland Park Anaheim, CA, USA
Niagara Falls Ontario, Canada & New York State, USA
Fisherman’s Wharf / Golden Gate National Recreation
Area
San Francisco, CA, USA
Tokyo Disneyland/DisneySea Tokyo, Japan
Notre Dame de Paris Paris, France
Disneyland Paris Marne-La-Vallee, France
Great Wall of China Badaling area, China
Great Smoky Mountain National Park Tennessee/North Carolina, USA
Universal Studios Japan Osaka, Japan
Basilique du Sacre-Coeur de Montmartre Paris, France
Musee du Louvre Paris, France
45. R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 45
Attraction Location
Everland Kyonggi-Do, South Korea
The Forbidden City/Tienanmen Square Beijing, China
Eiffel Tower Paris, France
Universal Studios/Islands of Adventure Orlando, FL, USA
Sea World Florida Orlando, FL, USA
Pleasure Beach Blackpool, England, UK
Lotte World Seoul, South Korea
Yokohama Hakkeijima Sea Paradise Japan
Hong Kong Disneyland Hong Kong, China
Centre Pompidou Paris, France
Tate Modern London, England, UK
British Museum London, England, UK
Universal Studios Los Angeles, CA, USA
National Gallery London, England, UK
Metropolitan Museum New York, NY, USA
Grand Canyon National Park Arizona, USA
Tivoli Gardens Copenhagen, Denmark
46. R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 46
Attraction Location
Ocean Park Hong Kong, China
Busch Gardens Tampa Bay, FL, USA
Sea World California San Diego, CA, USA
Statue of Liberty New York, NY, USA
The Vatican (Vatican Square) Vatican City (surrounded by Rome, Italy)
Sydney Opera House Sydney, Australia
The Coliseum Rome, Italy
American Museum of Natural History New York, NY, USA
Grauman’s Chinese Theater Hollywood (Los Angeles), CA, USA
Empire State Building New York, NY, USA
Natural History Museum London, England, UK
The London Eye London, England, UK
Palace of Versailles France
Yosemite National Park California, USA
Pyramids of Giza Egypt
Pompeii Italy
Hermitage Museum St. Petersburg, Russia
Taj Mahal Agra, India
51. 7 Wonders of the world
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 51
Attraction Location
Chichen Itza Yucatán, Mexico
Christ the Redeemer Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Colosseum Rome, Italy
Great Wall of China Beijing, China
Machu Picchu Cuzco Region, Peru
Petra Ma'an Governorate, Jordan
Taj Mahal Agra, India
52. Natural attractions of the world
R'tist@Tourism, Pondicherry University 52
Attraction & Location
The Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA
Cappadocia, Nev sehir Province, Turkey
Giant's Causeway, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
Sequoia and King's Canyon National Parks, California, USA
Mount Everest and the Himalayas on the Nepal Tibet Border
The Great Barrier Reef, Queensland , Australia
Niagara Falls
Victoria Falls, between Zambia and Zimbabwe
Iguazu Falls between Argentina and Brazil
Uluru, Northern Territory , Australia
Carlsbad Caverns, New Mexico, USA
Geirangerfjord, Norwegian Fjords, Western Norway