A ppt on embedded system for students who gave a start to there engineering academics..!

1. INTRODUCTION TO
EMBEDDED
SYSTEMS

2. Agenda :-
 Introduction- What is an Embedded System
 History
 What is inside the embedded system
 Block diagram of Embedded System
 Architecture of embedded system
 Features
 Classification of embedded systems
 Applications
 Conclusion

3. What is an embedded system?
EMBEDDED SYSTEM = SOFTWARE + HARDWARE
 An embedded system is one that has computer
hardware and software embedded in it as one of its
components.
 It can also be defined as the microprocessor
based system that does not look like a computer.

4. History
First modern embedded system was the Apollo
Guidance computer developed – by Charles Stark Draper
at the MIT instrumentation Laboratory. An early mass
produced embedded system was the Autonetics D-17
guidance computer for the minuteman missile released in
1961.
Since these early applications in 1960’s embedded
systems have come down in price and there has been a
dramatic rise in processing power and functionality.
MINUTEMAN DISK D-17

5. What is inside the embedded system
Every embedded system consists of custom
built hardware built around a Central Processing
Unit (CPU). This memory hardware also contains
memory chips onto which the software is loaded.
The software residing on the memory chip is also
called the ‘Firmware’.
SOFTWARE
APPLICATION
 OS
DEVICE DRIVERS
+
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
HARDWARE
 CPU
 MEMORY
 IO DEVICES

6. Application Software
Operating System
Hardware
Layered Architecture of an Embedded System

7. Block diagram of embedded system
CPUAD DA
SENSORS ACTUATORS
MEMORY SOFTWARE

8. Hardware Architecture of an Embedded System
Read Only
Memory
Random
Access
Memory
Input
Devices
Output
Devices
Central
Processing Unit
(CPU)
Application- Specific
Circuitry
Communication
Interfaces

9. Blocks of Hardware of Embedded System
 Central Processing unit
 Memory (Read only Memory and Random Access
Memory)
 Input Devices
 Output Devices
 Communication Interfaces
 Application- Specific Circuitry

10. Features of Embedded Systems
 They are constrained for power. The power
consumption is very low.
 They are highly reliable.
 Wide variety of operating systems and processors
are used in embedded systems.
 They have a very low cost.
 They are small in size.

11. Classification of Embedded Systems
 Stand Alone Embedded Systems
 Real Time Embedded Systems
 Network Information Appliances
 Mobile Devices

12. Stand Alone Embedded Systems
As the name implies this systems work in stand alone modes.
Uses :
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
ORELECTRICAL
SIGNALS
HUMAN
ACTIVITY
ELECTRICAL
SIGNALS
LED/LCD
DISPLAY
OR
PROCCES
CONTROL
AUTOMOBILES ELECTRONIC
ITEMS

13. Real Time Embedded Systems
A system in which work has to be done in a specific time period.
HARD REAL TIME
SOFT REAL TIME
Missile
embedded with
a tracking
system
Aircraft
DVD PLAYER

14. NETWORKED INFORMATION APPLIANCES
Examples : A web camera can be connected
to the internet . The web camera can send
pictures in real time to any computer
connected to internet.
SYSTEMS
INTERNET
LOCAL
AREA
NETWORK
NETWORK
INTERFACE
NETWORK
Web camera

15. MOBILE DEVICES
The limitations of the
Mobile devices – memory
Constraints , small size, lack of
Good user interfaces such as full
Fledged keyboard and display.
Above limitations same as
embedded systems. Hence mobile
Phones are called embedded
Systems.
PDA MOBILE
SMART PHONE

16. Languages for Programming Embedded systems
• Assembly language used for programming recently.
• New languages developed for programming like
Ada, Forth, Java.
• Majority of software – C language used.
• Recent survey – 45% still use C language.
• C is very close to assembly programming and allows
easy access to underlying hardware.
• C++ is also increasing presence in the systems which
is based on C language.

17. Advantages
 Design and efficiency
 Compact devices
 Cost effective
 Maintenance
 Redundancies

18. Disadvantages
 Embedded Systems do a very specific task
 Have limited resources.
 They don’t have secondary storage device.
 Need designers, debuggers, compilers.

19. Applications
Embedded Systems Everywhere:-
• Biomedical Instrumentation-
• Communication System-
ECG RECORDER PATIENT MONITOR SYSTEM
PAGER TRANSRECIEVER FAX MACHINE

20. • Peripheral controllers of a computer-
• Industrial Instrumentation-
KEYBOARD CONTROLLER LAN CONTROLLER DISK DRIVE CONTROLLER
DC MOTOR
CONTROLLER
CNC MACHINE
CONTROLLER
PROCESS
CONTROLLER

21. • Scientific-
CRT DISPLAY CONTROLLER SPECTRUM ANALYZER DIGITAL STORAGE SYSTEM

22. Conclusion
Finally we can say that embedded
systems are those electronic devices that
incorporate a computer (usually a
microprocessor or microcontroller) within
their implementation. A computer is used in
such devices primarily as a means to simplify
the system design and to provide flexibility.

23. ANY QUESTIONS TO ASK