2. Layout
Functions of supporting material
Verbal support
Types
Visual support
Types
Media
Computer-assisted design
Rules for using
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
3. FUNCTIONS OF SUPPORTING MATERIAL
1. Clarity
abstract or complicated ideas
1. Interest
Enliven
Make main point vivid, meaningful
1. Proof
convincing
E.g., survey
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
4. TYPES OF VERBAL SUPPORT (5)
1. Examples
– Brief illustrations
– most effective when several are given together
1. Stories
– Hypothetical or factual
– Guidelines
• Should suit audience
• Should support point
• Be of right length
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
5. 3. Statistics
Probably the most common form of support
Specially strong proof
Firmly grounded in fact
Shows that speaker is well informed
May make mistake of burying the audience
Provide a few key numbers
Simply information (64.3% vs. two-thirds)
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
6. 4. Comparisons
Figurative = analogies
Compare unfamiliar with familiar idea
Literal
Must have two characteristics
Well-known, be valid
Must clearly establish similarity
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
7. 5. Citations
More authoritative/articulate source
Clarity and impact
Help build persuasive case
Guidelines
Cite to add credibility to presentation
Source must have credibility with audience
Paraphrase lengthy or confusing citations
Restate point of long citations
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
8. VISUAL AIDS
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
9. Benefits
A picture is often worth a thousand words
Easier to understand than words alone
Easier to explain complicated statistics
Easier for listeners to understand
Make presentations more interesting
Boost your image as speaker
Make information more memorable
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
10. Functions
Show how things look
Show how things work
Show how things relate to one another
Emphasize important points
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
11. Types of Visual Aid (8)
1. Objects and Models
Used in training, selling
Hands-on experience/demonstration
How to operate a piece of equipment
1. Photographs
2. Diagrams
Two-dimensional
Floor plan, maps… size, shape, structure
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
12. 4. Lists and tables
Key facts and figures, steps, features, comparison,
etc
Guidelines
Keep it simple
Use numbered or bulleted lists
Use text sparingly
Use large type
Enhance readability through careful layout
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
13. 5. Pie Charts
– Percentages, resources, money, etc
– Guidelines
• Segment to emphasize on takes top-center
• Label each segment
• List percentage for each segment
6. Bar and column charts
– Guidelines
• Time on horizontal axis
• Arrange bars in best-suited sequence
• Represent numerical values clearly
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
14. 7. Pictogram
Artistic variations of bar, column, pie charts
More interesting (figure 12-11)
8. Graphs
Correlation between quantities
Represent large amount of data without clutter
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
15. Media for presenting VA(6)
1. Flip charts and poster board
– Simple to prepare
– Easy to use
– Relatively portable
– Easy to use
– May be too small
– Large audience can’t see
– Relatively fragile
– Clumsy
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
16. 2. Transparencies
– Good for large audience
– Produced quickly
– Easy to create
– Visible in a lighted room
– Easy to store, don’t wear out
– Require a projector
– Must position in special way
– Most effective when
• Use only when discussing, turn off when not using, cover parts
not discussed, face audience while speaking
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
17. 3. Slides
– Actual photographic image
– Inexpensive
– Produced quickly
– Easy to edit
– Need darkened room
– Guidelines
• Keep show brief, use remote-control device, talk to
listeners and not the screen
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
18. 4. Handouts
Permanent record
Recall features
More detail
Eliminate listeners’ need to take notes
Can be distracting
Have to compete with them for attention
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
20. Computer-assisted VA design
• Special effects
• Many formats
• Speakers’ notes
• Variety of handouts
• Run-time versions
• Create charts, graphs, tables
• Take time to learn
• Temptation to overuse
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
21. Rules for using visual aids
1. Selection
– Have a reason for using
– Match sophistication of visual aid with audience
1. Design
– Make sure it is large enough to see
– Keep design simple
– Use few words
– Use horizontal printing
– Label all items for clear identification
1. Presentation
– Don’t display till ready
– Remove after discussing
– Make sure it works at presentation location
– Practice using your visuals
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
