3. Types of Informative Presentations
• Reports
– Describe the state of an operation
– Usually given by subordinates to their superiors
– Keep management informed, help make decisions
– Written, accompanied by oral – long, complex docs.
• Briefings
– Helping others perform their jobs
– Instructions to knowledgeable audience
– Regular or irregular
• Explanations
– Info to increase listener’s understanding of subject
– E.g.: orientation, employee benefit package
• Training
– Learn how to do something
– Can range from informal to highly structured
4. Techniques for Effective Informative Speaking
• Link the topic to the audience
– Avoid punishment, gain payoffs from listening
• Start with an overall picture
– Preview the topic by sketching the highlights
• Link the familiar with the unfamiliar
– Use of comparison (hard disk is like filing cabinet)
• Emphasize important points
– Number items, repeat at transitions, use signposts and interjections
• Use simple structure
– Limit number of main points (two to five)
• Use simple language
– Should be appropriate for the audience you are addressing
• Involve the audience
– Direct participation, volunteers, question-and-answer session
5. Types of Persuasive Presentations
• Sales Presentations
• Proposals
– Within the org.: new product line, request for resources, changes in
policy or procedure
– Outside the org.: new campaign to a customer
• Motivational Speeches
• Goodwill Speeches
– Promote interest or support for the organization
– Change attitudes and behaviors of listeners
6. Techniques for Effective Persuasive Speaking
• Appeal to audience’s needs
– Example: effective selling
• Appeal to variety of needs
– Increases chance of idea being accepted
• Sell yourself as well as the idea – credibility
– Competence
– Trustworthiness
– Similarity
– Attraction
– Sincerity
• Have a realistic purpose
• Focus appeals on critical audience segment
7. • Defer thesis with hostile audience
• Use optimal organizational patterns
– Problem-solution
– Criteria satisfaction
– Comparative advantages
• Consider use of opposing ideas
– When the audience disagrees with your position
– When the audience knows both sides of the issue
– When your credibility is weak
8. Group Presentations
Characteristics
Clearly defined goal
Organized
Back up with support
Reasons
Provide variety
Add interest
Complete message
Balance, to appeal to wider audience
9. Challenges
Take time to develop
Group members may not work in same location
Requires coordination
Repeat, contradict, leave out
May run over scheduled time
Irritates audience members
Group presentations
10. Organizing group presentations
By topic
Each speaker addresses one or more topics
Topics call for different expertise
By task
When you cannot break subject down into topics easily
Spokesperson, example-givers
Problem-support, solution-support
Group presentations
11. Using time effectively
Conduct a meeting to decide:
Group’s topic, overall approach, assigning specific roles
Order they will speak in, time they will have, how they will give
introductions and transitions to each topic
Members research and plan their own topics
Assign specialized jobs to some team member
Set up speaking room, create visuals for consistency
Time-keeping
Group presentations
12. Introductions, conclusions, transitions
Help listeners follow structure of presentation
Transitions handled by MC or each speaker
Conclusion given by MC or final speaker
Restate group’s overall thesis and main points
Managing Questions
One person controls session, fields queries
Direct query to best equipped team member
Provide a brief wrap-up when group is finished
Group presentations
13. Delivering a group presentation
Extensive rehearsal to avoid mix-ups and mistakes
Whether speak while seated, sit in a row till turn comes, come up
from audience
Choose format that helps make best possible impression
May sit together at a table to avoid delays
Look at speaker and listen attentively while waiting for turn
Group presentations
14. Special Occasion Speeches
Welcoming Remarks
Warmth and sincerity in behavior and words
Say who you are
Who are you welcoming
Describe the occasion and its importance
Thank the guest
15. Introductions
Obtain resume (may interview)
Ask how they prefer to be addressed
Strive for consistency if multiple introductions
Check and practice pronunciation
Include info the audience would want to know
Include title of their speech
Special Occasion Speeches
16. Presentation of an award
State name of receiver, or surprise
State name and nature of award
State criteria for selection
Make sure receiver is center of focus
(not the speaker)
Special Occasion Speeches
17. Acceptance of an award
Express gratitude
Acknowledge and appreciate contributors
Describe how the reward will make a difference
Say thank you again
(good example on page 415)
Special Occasion Speeches
18. Tribute to a person or institute
Follow life/career chronologically
Pay tribute to achievements and characteristics along the way
Use anecdotes and examples to illustrate
(See introductions)
Special Occasion Speeches
