The document discusses different forms of power sharing in a democracy. It describes power sharing horizontally among different organs of government to maintain checks and balances. It also describes vertical power sharing between central, state, and local governments. Additionally, it discusses power sharing socially by reserving positions for women, scheduled castes, and scheduled tribes, and among political parties through coalition governments. The goal of power sharing is to accommodate diverse social groups, avoid conflicts, and ensure no single group can impose its will without consideration of others.
Power sharing is a technique in democracy where power is distributed across different levels and groups rather than being concentrated in one place. In India, power is shared horizontally between the legislature, executive, and judiciary branches, and vertically between national, state, and local governments. Power is also shared among political parties, pressure groups, and social/religious communities to give diverse groups representation and prevent any one group from dominating. Similarly in the US, power is shared between the national and state governments through a federal system to balance unity and diversity.
This document discusses power sharing in governance. It defines power sharing as a system that provides all major segments of society with a permanent share of power. It describes several types of power sharing, including among different levels of government, social groups, and political parties. Power sharing helps reduce conflict, prevent tyranny of the majority, keep a country united, and uphold democratic principles by giving citizens a chance to share in power. Maintaining social harmony and democracy are key reasons for implementing power sharing systems.
This document discusses different forms of power sharing in government. It explains that power sharing occurs horizontally among the different organs of government (legislature, executive, judiciary) to create a system of checks and balances. It also occurs vertically between central/federal governments and state/provincial governments. Additionally, power is shared among social groups through reservations and with political parties through coalition governments. The document provides examples of power sharing in India and Belgium across different levels and groups.
The document discusses power sharing in India. It explains that power sharing is essential to democracy as it allows those affected by governance to have a say. In India, power is shared horizontally across different branches of government to prevent tyranny, vertically between central/state/local governments, among communities to ensure representation, and among political parties including the ruling party and opposition. Power sharing helps reduce conflicts, maintain social harmony, and respect the spirit of democracy.
This document discusses different forms of power sharing in government. It describes power sharing as a system that provides all major community segments a share of government. There are several forms of power sharing, including horizontal power sharing among the different organs of government like the legislature, executive, and judiciary based on checks and balances. Vertical power sharing occurs among different levels of government, like federal systems. Power is also shared among different social communities and religious or minority groups to maintain peace and give all citizens a voice. Finally, power sharing occurs among political parties, pressure groups, and social movements to foster more effective governance.
The document discusses power sharing in Indian democracy. It explains that power sharing is essential to democracy as it allows communities and social groups to have a say in governance. In India, power is shared through various mechanisms - horizontally among different branches of government, vertically between federal, state and local governments, through representation of communities in government, and by forming coalition governments among political parties. Power sharing helps reduce conflicts, avoids majority tyranny, and respects the spirit of democracy.
The document discusses different forms of power sharing in a democracy. It describes power sharing horizontally among different organs of government to maintain checks and balances. It also describes vertical power sharing between central, state, and local governments. Additionally, it discusses power sharing socially by reserving positions for women, scheduled castes, and scheduled tribes, and among political parties through coalition governments. The goal of power sharing is to accommodate diverse social groups, avoid conflicts, and ensure no single group can impose its will without consideration of others.
Power sharing is a technique in democracy where power is distributed across different levels and groups rather than being concentrated in one place. In India, power is shared horizontally between the legislature, executive, and judiciary branches, and vertically between national, state, and local governments. Power is also shared among political parties, pressure groups, and social/religious communities to give diverse groups representation and prevent any one group from dominating. Similarly in the US, power is shared between the national and state governments through a federal system to balance unity and diversity.
This document discusses power sharing in governance. It defines power sharing as a system that provides all major segments of society with a permanent share of power. It describes several types of power sharing, including among different levels of government, social groups, and political parties. Power sharing helps reduce conflict, prevent tyranny of the majority, keep a country united, and uphold democratic principles by giving citizens a chance to share in power. Maintaining social harmony and democracy are key reasons for implementing power sharing systems.
This document discusses different forms of power sharing in government. It explains that power sharing occurs horizontally among the different organs of government (legislature, executive, judiciary) to create a system of checks and balances. It also occurs vertically between central/federal governments and state/provincial governments. Additionally, power is shared among social groups through reservations and with political parties through coalition governments. The document provides examples of power sharing in India and Belgium across different levels and groups.
The document discusses power sharing in India. It explains that power sharing is essential to democracy as it allows those affected by governance to have a say. In India, power is shared horizontally across different branches of government to prevent tyranny, vertically between central/state/local governments, among communities to ensure representation, and among political parties including the ruling party and opposition. Power sharing helps reduce conflicts, maintain social harmony, and respect the spirit of democracy.
This document discusses different forms of power sharing in government. It describes power sharing as a system that provides all major community segments a share of government. There are several forms of power sharing, including horizontal power sharing among the different organs of government like the legislature, executive, and judiciary based on checks and balances. Vertical power sharing occurs among different levels of government, like federal systems. Power is also shared among different social communities and religious or minority groups to maintain peace and give all citizens a voice. Finally, power sharing occurs among political parties, pressure groups, and social movements to foster more effective governance.
The document discusses power sharing in Indian democracy. It explains that power sharing is essential to democracy as it allows communities and social groups to have a say in governance. In India, power is shared through various mechanisms - horizontally among different branches of government, vertically between federal, state and local governments, through representation of communities in government, and by forming coalition governments among political parties. Power sharing helps reduce conflicts, avoids majority tyranny, and respects the spirit of democracy.
Power sharing involves distributing authority and responsibility across multiple individuals or groups. It occurs in families, where parents share power with children; in classrooms, where teachers share authority with students; and in governments, where power is divided between different branches and levels. Power sharing is considered important in democracies to allow participation and prevent majority tyranny. However, critics argue that it can weaken a system and increase the potential for conflicts between groups.
Hey Guys!!! I present you a presentation on 'Power Sharing Class 10' from the NCERT Democratic Politics book.
Hope you all like it!!
Don't forget to like!!
The document discusses different forms of power sharing in democracies. Power can be shared horizontally between different branches of government so that each branch checks the others' power. Power is also shared vertically between central/federal governments and state/regional governments. Finally, power is shared to accommodate diverse social, religious, linguistic, and political groups to give them influence and prevent alienation. Power sharing aims to balance power, respect diversity, and promote stability and just outcomes in democracies.
1. Power sharing in simple words is sharing of responsibility & powers among defend organ of government.
2. Power sharing is a strategy for resolving disputes over who should have the powerful position in the social hierarchy.
Belgium practices power sharing to accommodate its two main linguistic communities - the Dutch-speaking Flemish and French-speaking Walloons. Power is shared in several ways: equal representation in the central government, special laws requiring majority support from both communities, devolved powers to regional governments, and separate community governments for cultural issues. Brussels also has a power sharing arrangement. Though complex, this model has avoided conflict between the communities and helped ensure stability in Belgium.
Power sharing is a technique used in democracies to distribute power across different levels of government and groups. In India, power is shared between the central government and state governments. Belgium also employs power sharing between its Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities through equal representation in government. Sri Lanka has faced civil war due to demands for independence from its Tamil minority, highlighting the need for power sharing between ethnic groups.
The document discusses power sharing in democracy. It provides examples of power sharing in Belgium and Sri Lanka. In Belgium, power is shared between the Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities through representation in government. In Sri Lanka, the dominance of the Sinhalese community led to the establishment of Sinhalese supremacy over Tamils through acts making Sinhala the sole official language and preferential policies for Sinhalese. This caused distrust between communities and led to the formation of groups demanding an independent Tamil state, resulting in civil war.
The slide show is supplied with colourful maps and explanation with easy vocabulary. It can be used as a quick revision for exam. Class 10 students of CBSE can use this slide show.
This document discusses different forms of power sharing in governments and societies. It explains that power sharing is desirable for both prudential and moral reasons to reduce conflict and respect democratic values. In Belgium, power is shared between Dutch and French-speaking communities through a complex system of regional governments and representation. In Sri Lanka, a lack of power sharing between Sinhala and Tamil groups led to civil war, as Tamils felt their rights and interests were denied. The document outlines various ways power can be shared horizontally between branches of government, vertically between levels of government, among social groups, and politically between parties.
Power sharing is a technique used in democracies to distribute power between different entities to prevent concentration of power in one place and allow for checks and balances. In Sri Lanka after independence, a series of majoritarian policies established Sinhalese supremacy over Tamils, including making Sinhala the only official language. This caused conflicts and distrust between Sinhalese and Tamil communities, eventually leading to a civil war as Tamil groups demanded an independent state in the north and east of the country.
Power sharing (please press f5 after opening this file)Akshay Kumar
This document discusses power sharing in Belgium and Sri Lanka. It explains that in Belgium power is shared among the Dutch-speaking Flemish, French-speaking Wallonia, and German-speaking communities through a system of community governments for each language group. In Sri Lanka, power was dominated by the Sinhalese majority, which led to conflict with the Tamil minority and eventually a civil war, highlighting the importance of power sharing to prevent conflicts between ethnic groups.
Belgium has successfully implemented power sharing to accommodate its Dutch-speaking Flemish and French-speaking Walloon populations. The constitution mandates equal representation of the linguistic groups in government. Power is also shared regionally, with autonomy given to Flemish and Walloon state governments. A similar power sharing model was not adopted in Sri Lanka, exacerbating tensions between the Sinhalese majority and Tamil minority and ultimately leading to civil war. Power sharing is desirable to reduce conflicts, give all groups a stake in government, and strengthen national unity.
Power sharing is a key principle of democracy where power is distributed between different levels and groups to prevent concentration in one place. In Sri Lanka after independence, majoritarian policies favored the Sinhalese majority, making Sinhala the sole official language and preferring Sinhalese for jobs and universities. This caused conflict with the Tamil minority and a civil war eventually broke out as Tamil groups demanded an independent state in the north and east.
This document discusses power sharing in democracies using Belgium and Sri Lanka as case studies. It describes the ethnic and linguistic divisions in each country. In Sri Lanka, the Sinhalese majority imposed their language and culture on the Tamil minority, leading to civil war. Belgium adopted power sharing arrangements, distributing power across linguistic and regional divisions to accommodate diversity and avoid conflict. The document outlines various forms of power sharing like horizontal separation of powers, federalism, recognition of communities, and coalition governments.
This document discusses the key aspects of federalism in India. It defines federalism as a system of government where power is shared between a central government and other administrative units. In India, federalism involves three levels of government - central, state, and local. The document outlines India's federal structure, including the division of powers between levels of government. It also examines some of the historical challenges in implementing federalism in India's diverse context and how decentralization to local governments has strengthened democracy.
Federalism is a system of government where power is shared between a central authority and constituent units, such as states or provinces. In India, power is shared between the central government and state governments. There are three lists that divide powers - the Union List for national powers, the State List for local powers, and the Concurrent List for shared powers. India has strengthened federalism through the creation of linguistic states, a language policy that promotes diversity, cooperative center-state relations, and decentralization with local governments having more powers and representation of marginalized groups.
Power sharing is a technique used in India to distribute power across different levels and groups to prevent concentration of power. It takes various forms, including horizontal power sharing between the legislature, executive, and judiciary branches of government. Vertically, power is shared between federal, state, and local levels of government. Power is also shared among different social communities through representation and reservation. Coalition governments represent another form of power sharing, with ruling and opposition political parties each wielding influence.
This document discusses power sharing in Belgium and Sri Lanka. It provides examples of how power is shared in Belgium through constitutional amendments that give equal representation to Dutch and French communities in government. In Sri Lanka, the majority Sinhala community practiced majoritarianism by making Sinhala the official language and Buddhism the national religion, marginalizing Tamil minorities and failing to share power. The document outlines different forms of power sharing, like horizontal and vertical power distribution, and provides examples from India like its federal system and reserved constituencies for minority groups.
Belgium has four official language communities due to tensions between the Dutch-speaking Flemish population and French-speaking population. To reduce conflicts, Belgium implemented constitutional amendments between 1970-1993 to give equal representation and power-sharing to both language communities.
In Sri Lanka, the Sinhala language was declared the official language in 1956 and job preferences were given to Sinhala speakers, disregarding the Tamil minority who make up 18% of the population. This led to agitation and demands for a separate Tamil state, resulting in a civil war.
Power-sharing is desirable for both prudential and moral reasons. Prudentially, it reduces conflicts and brings political stability. Morally, it strengthens democracy
Power sharing involves distributing authority and responsibility across multiple individuals or groups. It occurs in families, where parents share power with children; in classrooms, where teachers share authority with students; and in governments, where power is divided between different branches and levels. Power sharing is considered important in democracies to allow participation and prevent majority tyranny. However, critics argue that it can weaken a system and increase the potential for conflicts between groups.
Hey Guys!!! I present you a presentation on 'Power Sharing Class 10' from the NCERT Democratic Politics book.
Hope you all like it!!
Don't forget to like!!
The document discusses different forms of power sharing in democracies. Power can be shared horizontally between different branches of government so that each branch checks the others' power. Power is also shared vertically between central/federal governments and state/regional governments. Finally, power is shared to accommodate diverse social, religious, linguistic, and political groups to give them influence and prevent alienation. Power sharing aims to balance power, respect diversity, and promote stability and just outcomes in democracies.
1. Power sharing in simple words is sharing of responsibility & powers among defend organ of government.
2. Power sharing is a strategy for resolving disputes over who should have the powerful position in the social hierarchy.
Belgium practices power sharing to accommodate its two main linguistic communities - the Dutch-speaking Flemish and French-speaking Walloons. Power is shared in several ways: equal representation in the central government, special laws requiring majority support from both communities, devolved powers to regional governments, and separate community governments for cultural issues. Brussels also has a power sharing arrangement. Though complex, this model has avoided conflict between the communities and helped ensure stability in Belgium.
Power sharing is a technique used in democracies to distribute power across different levels of government and groups. In India, power is shared between the central government and state governments. Belgium also employs power sharing between its Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities through equal representation in government. Sri Lanka has faced civil war due to demands for independence from its Tamil minority, highlighting the need for power sharing between ethnic groups.
The document discusses power sharing in democracy. It provides examples of power sharing in Belgium and Sri Lanka. In Belgium, power is shared between the Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities through representation in government. In Sri Lanka, the dominance of the Sinhalese community led to the establishment of Sinhalese supremacy over Tamils through acts making Sinhala the sole official language and preferential policies for Sinhalese. This caused distrust between communities and led to the formation of groups demanding an independent Tamil state, resulting in civil war.
The slide show is supplied with colourful maps and explanation with easy vocabulary. It can be used as a quick revision for exam. Class 10 students of CBSE can use this slide show.
This document discusses different forms of power sharing in governments and societies. It explains that power sharing is desirable for both prudential and moral reasons to reduce conflict and respect democratic values. In Belgium, power is shared between Dutch and French-speaking communities through a complex system of regional governments and representation. In Sri Lanka, a lack of power sharing between Sinhala and Tamil groups led to civil war, as Tamils felt their rights and interests were denied. The document outlines various ways power can be shared horizontally between branches of government, vertically between levels of government, among social groups, and politically between parties.
Power sharing is a technique used in democracies to distribute power between different entities to prevent concentration of power in one place and allow for checks and balances. In Sri Lanka after independence, a series of majoritarian policies established Sinhalese supremacy over Tamils, including making Sinhala the only official language. This caused conflicts and distrust between Sinhalese and Tamil communities, eventually leading to a civil war as Tamil groups demanded an independent state in the north and east of the country.
Power sharing (please press f5 after opening this file)Akshay Kumar
This document discusses power sharing in Belgium and Sri Lanka. It explains that in Belgium power is shared among the Dutch-speaking Flemish, French-speaking Wallonia, and German-speaking communities through a system of community governments for each language group. In Sri Lanka, power was dominated by the Sinhalese majority, which led to conflict with the Tamil minority and eventually a civil war, highlighting the importance of power sharing to prevent conflicts between ethnic groups.
Belgium has successfully implemented power sharing to accommodate its Dutch-speaking Flemish and French-speaking Walloon populations. The constitution mandates equal representation of the linguistic groups in government. Power is also shared regionally, with autonomy given to Flemish and Walloon state governments. A similar power sharing model was not adopted in Sri Lanka, exacerbating tensions between the Sinhalese majority and Tamil minority and ultimately leading to civil war. Power sharing is desirable to reduce conflicts, give all groups a stake in government, and strengthen national unity.
Power sharing is a key principle of democracy where power is distributed between different levels and groups to prevent concentration in one place. In Sri Lanka after independence, majoritarian policies favored the Sinhalese majority, making Sinhala the sole official language and preferring Sinhalese for jobs and universities. This caused conflict with the Tamil minority and a civil war eventually broke out as Tamil groups demanded an independent state in the north and east.
This document discusses power sharing in democracies using Belgium and Sri Lanka as case studies. It describes the ethnic and linguistic divisions in each country. In Sri Lanka, the Sinhalese majority imposed their language and culture on the Tamil minority, leading to civil war. Belgium adopted power sharing arrangements, distributing power across linguistic and regional divisions to accommodate diversity and avoid conflict. The document outlines various forms of power sharing like horizontal separation of powers, federalism, recognition of communities, and coalition governments.
This document discusses the key aspects of federalism in India. It defines federalism as a system of government where power is shared between a central government and other administrative units. In India, federalism involves three levels of government - central, state, and local. The document outlines India's federal structure, including the division of powers between levels of government. It also examines some of the historical challenges in implementing federalism in India's diverse context and how decentralization to local governments has strengthened democracy.
Federalism is a system of government where power is shared between a central authority and constituent units, such as states or provinces. In India, power is shared between the central government and state governments. There are three lists that divide powers - the Union List for national powers, the State List for local powers, and the Concurrent List for shared powers. India has strengthened federalism through the creation of linguistic states, a language policy that promotes diversity, cooperative center-state relations, and decentralization with local governments having more powers and representation of marginalized groups.
Power sharing is a technique used in India to distribute power across different levels and groups to prevent concentration of power. It takes various forms, including horizontal power sharing between the legislature, executive, and judiciary branches of government. Vertically, power is shared between federal, state, and local levels of government. Power is also shared among different social communities through representation and reservation. Coalition governments represent another form of power sharing, with ruling and opposition political parties each wielding influence.
This document discusses power sharing in Belgium and Sri Lanka. It provides examples of how power is shared in Belgium through constitutional amendments that give equal representation to Dutch and French communities in government. In Sri Lanka, the majority Sinhala community practiced majoritarianism by making Sinhala the official language and Buddhism the national religion, marginalizing Tamil minorities and failing to share power. The document outlines different forms of power sharing, like horizontal and vertical power distribution, and provides examples from India like its federal system and reserved constituencies for minority groups.
Belgium has four official language communities due to tensions between the Dutch-speaking Flemish population and French-speaking population. To reduce conflicts, Belgium implemented constitutional amendments between 1970-1993 to give equal representation and power-sharing to both language communities.
In Sri Lanka, the Sinhala language was declared the official language in 1956 and job preferences were given to Sinhala speakers, disregarding the Tamil minority who make up 18% of the population. This led to agitation and demands for a separate Tamil state, resulting in a civil war.
Power-sharing is desirable for both prudential and moral reasons. Prudentially, it reduces conflicts and brings political stability. Morally, it strengthens democracy
Belgium has implemented a power sharing system to manage tensions between its French and Dutch linguistic communities. The country is divided along linguistic lines, with 59% identifying as Dutch-speaking Flemish and 40% as French-speaking Wallonia. To prevent conflict and civil war, Belgium amended its constitution four times to establish power sharing arrangements like equal representation of both communities in government, special voting laws requiring majority support from both groups, and autonomous community governments to handle cultural and education matters. This power sharing system has successfully avoided social conflicts and strengthened national unity in Belgium by distributing power among the linguistic communities.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to government and democracy. It defines government as the institution that allows a society to make and enforce public policies. The three basic types of government power are legislative, executive, and judicial. It also discusses the basic characteristics and forms of government, including dictatorships, democracies, unitary, federal, confederation, presidential and parliamentary systems. The document concludes by outlining some basic concepts of democracy such as the worth of the individual, equality, majority rule and minority rights, the necessity of compromise, and individual freedom.
The document summarizes the key aspects of the Constitution of India, including that it is the longest written constitution in the world, establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic, guarantees fundamental rights and duties of citizens, and has features such as an independent judiciary, federal system of government, and universal adult suffrage.
Power sharing is a technique where power is distributed between different levels and groups to prevent concentration of power in one place. India is an example where power is shared between central and state governments. In Sri Lanka after independence in 1948, a series of majoritarian measures established Sinhalese supremacy over Tamils. In 1956, Sinhala was made the sole official language and Sinhalese were preferred for university and government jobs. This caused conflicts between Sinhalese and Tamil communities leading to a civil war in 1980s as Tamil political groups demanded an independent Tamil Eelam.
The document discusses power sharing in democracy. It provides examples of power sharing in Belgium and Sri Lanka. In Belgium, power is shared between the Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities through representation in government. In Sri Lanka, the majority Sinhalese community established dominance after independence through laws making Sinhala the sole official language and preferential policies, leading to civil war as Tamil groups demanded independence.
The document provides an overview of key aspects of the Constitution of India, including its preamble, fundamental rights and duties, and salient features such as being the world's longest written constitution. It establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic and describes the country's parliamentary democracy and federal system of government with a unitary bias.
Government is an organization run by elected representatives that makes and enforces laws to administer a nation. A government is needed to maintain peace, make decisions, protect borders, ensure citizens have basic needs, and organize disaster relief. Government operates at local, state, and national levels. It creates laws that citizens must follow, and people can challenge laws they feel are not being upheld, such as by claiming discrimination prevented a job. Common forms of government include democracy, where representatives are elected, and monarchy, where a king or queen rules. A representative democracy delegates authority to elected officials. Women's suffrage movements fought for women's right to vote. Universal adult franchise gives all adult citizens the right to vote without discrimination.
This document provides an overview and analysis of key aspects of the Preamble to the Indian Constitution. It discusses how the Preamble establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic and aims to secure justice, liberty, equality and fraternity for its citizens. Key points covered include:
- The Preamble was drafted based on the Objective Resolution and reflects the vision of India's founding fathers. It establishes the core philosophy and values of the Constitution.
- Key terms like sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic, and republic are analyzed in the context of India's governance system.
- The Preamble aims to secure social, economic and political justice, liberty of thought and worship, equality of status and opportunity
The document discusses power sharing in democracy. It provides examples of power sharing in Belgium and Sri Lanka. In Belgium, power is shared between the Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities through representation in government. In Sri Lanka, the majority Sinhalese community established dominance after independence through laws making Sinhala the sole official language and preferential policies for jobs and education, leading to conflict and civil war with the Tamil minority.
Power sharing is a technique where power is distributed between different levels and groups to prevent concentration of power in one place. It provides stability and reduces conflict. In Sri Lanka, after independence in 1948, a series of majoritarian policies established Sinhalese supremacy over Tamils, including making Sinhala the only official language. This caused distrust between Sinhalese and Tamil communities and led to demands for an independent Tamil state, resulting in a civil war that is still ongoing.
Power sharing involves distributing power among different government bodies and groups to prevent any single entity from wielding power exclusively. This document discusses power sharing in Belgium as a positive example and Sri Lanka as a negative example. Belgium amended its constitution four times to respect the interests of its Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities by giving powers to state governments and establishing a community government. In contrast, Sri Lanka's majoritarian system that dominated the Tamil minority led to civil war. Power sharing is desirable to reduce conflicts between groups and ensure political stability.
Power is shared in three ways in democracies: horizontally between branches of government, vertically between levels of government, and among communities. Belgium and Sri Lanka illustrate different approaches. Belgium amended its constitution four times to share power horizontally and vertically, avoiding civil strife. Sri Lanka followed majoritarianism, establishing Sinhala supremacy through preferential policies and acts, alienating Tamils and leading to civil war. Power sharing is desirable to reduce conflict, ensure stability, and make government legitimate by giving citizens a stake.
The document provides an overview of the salient features of the Indian Constitution. It discusses key aspects like the preamble, sovereignty, secularism, democratic republic, fundamental rights, federal structure, parliamentary democracy, emergency provisions, and more. The constitution is the longest in the world and has undergone several amendments since being adopted on November 26, 1949 and enforced on January 26, 1950.
Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent units. In India, power is shared between the central and state governments according to the constitution. Key features include separate taxing powers and jurisdictions over various subjects for each level of government. India's federal system has succeeded due to the creation of linguistic states, flexible language policies, power sharing between central and state governments, and increased decentralization to local authorities through constitutional reforms.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Food safety, prepare for the unexpected - So what can be done in order to be ready to address food safety, food Consumers, food producers and manufacturers, food transporters, food businesses, food retailers can ...
Contributi dei parlamentari del PD - Contributi L. 3/2019Partito democratico
DI SEGUITO SONO PUBBLICATI, AI SENSI DELL'ART. 11 DELLA LEGGE N. 3/2019, GLI IMPORTI RICEVUTI DALL'ENTRATA IN VIGORE DELLA SUDDETTA NORMA (31/01/2019) E FINO AL MESE SOLARE ANTECEDENTE QUELLO DELLA PUBBLICAZIONE SUL PRESENTE SITO
Donate to charity during this holiday seasonSERUDS INDIA
For people who have money and are philanthropic, there are infinite opportunities to gift a needy person or child a Merry Christmas. Even if you are living on a shoestring budget, you will be surprised at how much you can do.
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-to-donate-to-charity-during-this-holiday-season/
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AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
Working with data is a challenge for many organizations. Nonprofits in particular may need to collect and analyze sensitive, incomplete, and/or biased historical data about people. In this talk, Dr. Cori Faklaris of UNC Charlotte provides an overview of current AI capabilities and weaknesses to consider when integrating current AI technologies into the data workflow. The talk is organized around three takeaways: (1) For better or sometimes worse, AI provides you with “infinite interns.” (2) Give people permission & guardrails to learn what works with these “interns” and what doesn’t. (3) Create a roadmap for adding in more AI to assist nonprofit work, along with strategies for bias mitigation.
This report explores the significance of border towns and spaces for strengthening responses to young people on the move. In particular it explores the linkages of young people to local service centres with the aim of further developing service, protection, and support strategies for migrant children in border areas across the region. The report is based on a small-scale fieldwork study in the border towns of Chipata and Katete in Zambia conducted in July 2023. Border towns and spaces provide a rich source of information about issues related to the informal or irregular movement of young people across borders, including smuggling and trafficking. They can help build a picture of the nature and scope of the type of movement young migrants undertake and also the forms of protection available to them. Border towns and spaces also provide a lens through which we can better understand the vulnerabilities of young people on the move and, critically, the strategies they use to navigate challenges and access support.
The findings in this report highlight some of the key factors shaping the experiences and vulnerabilities of young people on the move – particularly their proximity to border spaces and how this affects the risks that they face. The report describes strategies that young people on the move employ to remain below the radar of visibility to state and non-state actors due to fear of arrest, detention, and deportation while also trying to keep themselves safe and access support in border towns. These strategies of (in)visibility provide a way to protect themselves yet at the same time also heighten some of the risks young people face as their vulnerabilities are not always recognised by those who could offer support.
In this report we show that the realities and challenges of life and migration in this region and in Zambia need to be better understood for support to be strengthened and tuned to meet the specific needs of young people on the move. This includes understanding the role of state and non-state stakeholders, the impact of laws and policies and, critically, the experiences of the young people themselves. We provide recommendations for immediate action, recommendations for programming to support young people on the move in the two towns that would reduce risk for young people in this area, and recommendations for longer term policy advocacy.
7. Power Sharing
• Power sharing is the very spirit of
democracy.
• A democratic rule involves sharing power
with those affected by its exercise, and who
have to live with its effects.
• All communities, social groups get their
say in the governance.
8. Power Sharing in India
• People of India elect their representative
through direct franchise.
• After that, people’s representatives elect the
government to make or amend rules &
regulations and to carry out day to day
functioning of governance.
9. Power Sharing in India
• In a democracy, through institutions of self-
governance, people rule themselves.
• In a good democratic government, everyone
has a voice in the shaping of public policies.
• In a democracy, political power should be
distributed among as many citizens as
possible.
10. Need Of Power Sharing (
Reducing of Conflicts)
• Power sharing helps in reducing the conflict
between various social groups. Hence,
power sharing is necessary for maintaining
social harmony and peace.
• Power sharing helps in avoiding the
tyranny of majority. The tyranny of
majority not only destroys the minority
social groups but also the majority social
group.
11. Need Of Power Sharing (
Reducing of Conflicts)
• People’s voice forms the basis of a
democratic government. Hence, power
sharing is essential to respect the spirit of
democracy.
• Avoiding conflict in society and preventing
majority tyranny are considered as
prudential reasons for power sharing.
Maintaining the spirit of democracy is
considered as the moral reason for power
sharing.
12. Forms Of Power Sharing In
India
1. Horizontal distribution of power
• Power is shared among different organs of
government, such as the legislature,
executive and judiciary. This is called
horizontal distribution of power.
• It allows different organs of government
placed at the same level to exercise different
powers.
13. Horizontal distribution of power
• This ensures that no organ exercises
unlimited powers.
• Each organ is checked by the other, which
results in a balance of power among various
institutions. This arrangement is also called
a system of checks and balances.
14. Horizontal distribution of power
• The executive enjoys official power but is
answerable to the legislature.
• The legislature has the right to make or
amend laws but it is answerable to the
people.
• The judiciary is independent and ensures
that the law of the land is obeyed by
legislature and executive.
20. Belgium (French Belgique; Dutch
België), constitutional monarchy in
northwestern Europe. Belgium is
one of the smallest and most
densely populated European
countries. It is also the most
urbanized; 97 percent of its people
live in urban areas. Together with
Netherlands and Luxembourg,
Belgium forms the Low, or
Benelux, Countries. The country’s
name comes from the Belgae, a
Celtic people who lived in the
region and were conquered by
Roman general Julius Caesar in 57
BC. Its capital and largest city is
Brussels.
21. Belgium is situated between
France and the plains of northern
Europe, and it borders the North
Sea. Because of its geographic
position as a crossroads of
Europe, Belgium has been a major
commercial center since the
Middle Ages. The North Sea has
been the country’s outlet for
trade with the rest of the world.
Belgium’s geographic location has
also given it strategic importance,
and many battles have been
fought for control of the area.
Belgium became an independent
country in 1830.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33. The "independence flag" of Syria, used before
the Ba'athist coup in 1963, has been widely
used by protesters as an opposition flag and
has been adopted officially by the Syrian
National Coalition and the Free Syrian Army.
38. • Bashar Hafez al-Assad (born
11 September 1965) is the
President of Syria and Regional
Secretary of the Syrian-led
branch of the Arab Socialist
Ba'ath Party. He has served as
President since 2000, when he
succeeded his father, Hafez al-
Assad, who had ruled Syria for
30 years prior to his death.
Bashar Al-Assad
39. The armies and forces that support the Syrian government are:
• Syrian Armed Forces
• Jaysh al-Sha'bi
• Shabiha
• National Defense Force
• al-Abbas brigade
• Lijan militias
Syrian Government
• Iran:
Revolutionary Guards
Foreign militants:
• Hezbollah
• PFLP–GC
• Houthis
• Others
40. • In June 2013, the death toll was updated to 92,900–100,000
by the United Nations. According to various opposition
activist groups, between 72,960 and 96,430 people have
been killed, of which about half were civilians, but also
including 58,500 armed combatants consisting of both the
Syrian Army and rebel forces, up to 1,000 opposition
protesters and 1,000 government officials.
Consequences