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Presented By – Akshay Kumar Kushawaha
Class – 10th, B Roll No. 03
Radiant Academy
What is Power
Sharing?
‘Power Sharing’ is the
distribution of
powers/subjects among
the organs of the
government like –
legislature, executive and
judiciary. It is an
intelligent step to ensure
the stability of political
order. Besides, power
sharing also includes
sharing at the different
levels like union, state
and local.
Belgium Sri Lanka
European Union Parliament
on Belgium
Belgium is a small country in
Europe, smaller in area than the
state of Haryana. It has border with
France, the Netherlands, Germany
population of a little over one
crore, about half the population of
Haryana. The ETHNIC
composition of this country is very
complex. Of the country’s total
population, 59 per cent lives in the
Flemish region and speak Dutch
language. Another 40 per cent
people live in Wallonia region and
speak French. Remaining one per
cent of the Belgians speaks
German. In the capital city
Brussels, 80 per cent people
speak French while 20 per cent
are Dutch-speaking. The minority
French-speaking community was
Belgium
Communities & Regions of Belgium
Brussels –
Capital Region
– Dutch were a
Minority
Wallonia –
40% - French –
Rich & Powerful
Flemish – 59%
- Dutch –
benefit of
education and
economic
development.
German – 1%
Sri Lanka is an island nation, just a
few kilometers off the southern
coast of Tamil Naidu. It has about
two crore people, about the same
population. The major social
groups are the Sinhala-speakers
(74 per cent) and the Tamil-
speakers (18 per cent). Among
Tamils there are two subgroups.
Tamil natives of the country are
called ‘Sri Lankan Tamils’ (13 per
cent). The rest, whose forefathers
came from India as plantation
workers during colonial period, are
called ‘Indian Tamils’. Most of the
Sinhala-speaking people are
Buddhist, while most of the Tamils
are Hindus or Muslims. There are
about 7 per cent Christians, who
are both Tamils and Sinhala.
Sri Lanka
Ethnic Communities of Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan
Tamils –
Occupy N & E –
Hindus &
Muslims
Sinhalese –
74% - Buddhist
–
Indian Tamils –
Hindus &
Muslims
Muslims – 1%
Tamils – 18%
Both Sinhalese
& Tamil – 7% -
Christian
•Dominance of Sinhalese community due
to majority
•1956 Act made Sinhala as the only official
language
•Preferential policies favouring Sinhalese in
university position and jobs
•State to protect and foster Buddhism
Position of Sri Lankan Tamils…
• Launched political parties and
struggles for recognizing Tamil as an
official language
• Demanded autonomy
• Equal opportunity in education and
jobs
• Political organization was formed
demanding an independent TAMIL
EELAM in North & East Sri Lanka
Civil War…
Causes
Both sides started
distrusting each other
Effects
Social, Cultural & Economic
setback
•Equal number of Ministers from Dutch and
French speaking areas in the Central Govt.
•No single community can make decisions
unilaterally
•Transfer of power from the centre to the
state. State govt. will not be a subordinate to
the centre.
•Separate govt. in Brussels with equal
representation for the French and the Dutch.
•Formation of COMMUNITY Govt elected by
the people belonging to one language
community Dutch, French and German
wherever they live. This has power regarding
•Culture, education and language related
issues.
Power Sharing - Result
The country united respecting the feelings
of different communities and regions.
•Similarities: Both are democracies.
•Differences: Power sharing arrangement is different.
Q. What is unique about Belgium?
Ans. Leaders have realized that unity of the country is
possible only by respecting the feelings and interests of
different communities and regions.
Q. What was the drawback in the system followed by Sri
Lanka?
Ans. Dominance of majority community - Sinhalese by
refusing to share power with Tamils resulting in disunity.
Why is Power Sharing desirable in a
Democracy?
Prudential
1. Reduces conflicts between
social groups.
2. Stability of political order.
3. Better outcome.
Moral
1. It is the spirit of
democracy.
2.People have the right to
be consulted for governing
practices.
3. Power sharing is
valuable.
Why in a democracy should political power be
distributed?
Amongst
different organs
of Govt.
legislature,
executive and
judiciary
Among
Governments
at different
levels
Different
Social
groups,
religious/
linguistic
Political parties,
pressure groups and
movements influence
those in power
• The Central Govt. is set up for the whole nation.
• The state/provincial govt. is set up for each provinces/states.
• The central govt. transfers/shares some of the powers to/with the state
govt. (as in Belgium)
• In a big country like India, this type of two tier system is not sufficient.
• So we have the third tier – the Local Self Govt.
• Both the Central and State govt. have transferred power and resources
to the Local bodies.
Central Govt.
State Govt.
Local Bodies
Vertical Power Sharing
• Each of these organs is placed at the same level to exercise different powers
• None of them has unlimited power thus maintains balance.
• Each one of them keeps watch on the functioning of the other two.
• Hence it is called Check and Balance System
Horizontal Power Sharing
Amongst different organs of
Govt. legislature, executive and
judiciary
Amongst
Government at
different levels
Different Social
groups, religious/
linguistic
Political parties
,pressure groups and
movements influence
those in power
Horizontal distribution as it
allows different organs to
exercise different powers
A general govt. for
the entire country-
called Centre and
government at the
provincial/regional
level. Federal Govt.
Accommodates social
diversities who would
feel otherwise
alienated.
Formation of coalition
Govt. when different
parties form alliances
No organ gets unlimited powers State Govt. Influence of interest
groups-businessmen,
industrialists, farmers and
industrial workers.
Each organ checks the other Constitutional
distribution of power
to the state and
centre
Results in balance of power Same with Panchayat
and Municipality
All ministers /Govt. officialsare
responsible to parliament/state
assemblies
Vertical division of
power
Judges can also check the work
of other organs
A system of checks and balances
Power sharing (please press f5 after opening this file)

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Power sharing (please press f5 after opening this file)

  • 1. Presented By – Akshay Kumar Kushawaha Class – 10th, B Roll No. 03 Radiant Academy
  • 2. What is Power Sharing? ‘Power Sharing’ is the distribution of powers/subjects among the organs of the government like – legislature, executive and judiciary. It is an intelligent step to ensure the stability of political order. Besides, power sharing also includes sharing at the different levels like union, state and local.
  • 3. Belgium Sri Lanka European Union Parliament on Belgium
  • 4. Belgium is a small country in Europe, smaller in area than the state of Haryana. It has border with France, the Netherlands, Germany population of a little over one crore, about half the population of Haryana. The ETHNIC composition of this country is very complex. Of the country’s total population, 59 per cent lives in the Flemish region and speak Dutch language. Another 40 per cent people live in Wallonia region and speak French. Remaining one per cent of the Belgians speaks German. In the capital city Brussels, 80 per cent people speak French while 20 per cent are Dutch-speaking. The minority French-speaking community was Belgium
  • 5. Communities & Regions of Belgium Brussels – Capital Region – Dutch were a Minority Wallonia – 40% - French – Rich & Powerful Flemish – 59% - Dutch – benefit of education and economic development. German – 1%
  • 6. Sri Lanka is an island nation, just a few kilometers off the southern coast of Tamil Naidu. It has about two crore people, about the same population. The major social groups are the Sinhala-speakers (74 per cent) and the Tamil- speakers (18 per cent). Among Tamils there are two subgroups. Tamil natives of the country are called ‘Sri Lankan Tamils’ (13 per cent). The rest, whose forefathers came from India as plantation workers during colonial period, are called ‘Indian Tamils’. Most of the Sinhala-speaking people are Buddhist, while most of the Tamils are Hindus or Muslims. There are about 7 per cent Christians, who are both Tamils and Sinhala. Sri Lanka
  • 7. Ethnic Communities of Sri Lanka Sri Lankan Tamils – Occupy N & E – Hindus & Muslims Sinhalese – 74% - Buddhist – Indian Tamils – Hindus & Muslims Muslims – 1% Tamils – 18% Both Sinhalese & Tamil – 7% - Christian
  • 8. •Dominance of Sinhalese community due to majority •1956 Act made Sinhala as the only official language •Preferential policies favouring Sinhalese in university position and jobs •State to protect and foster Buddhism Position of Sri Lankan Tamils… • Launched political parties and struggles for recognizing Tamil as an official language • Demanded autonomy • Equal opportunity in education and jobs • Political organization was formed demanding an independent TAMIL EELAM in North & East Sri Lanka
  • 9. Civil War… Causes Both sides started distrusting each other Effects Social, Cultural & Economic setback
  • 10. •Equal number of Ministers from Dutch and French speaking areas in the Central Govt. •No single community can make decisions unilaterally •Transfer of power from the centre to the state. State govt. will not be a subordinate to the centre. •Separate govt. in Brussels with equal representation for the French and the Dutch. •Formation of COMMUNITY Govt elected by the people belonging to one language community Dutch, French and German wherever they live. This has power regarding •Culture, education and language related issues. Power Sharing - Result The country united respecting the feelings of different communities and regions.
  • 11. •Similarities: Both are democracies. •Differences: Power sharing arrangement is different. Q. What is unique about Belgium? Ans. Leaders have realized that unity of the country is possible only by respecting the feelings and interests of different communities and regions. Q. What was the drawback in the system followed by Sri Lanka? Ans. Dominance of majority community - Sinhalese by refusing to share power with Tamils resulting in disunity.
  • 12. Why is Power Sharing desirable in a Democracy? Prudential 1. Reduces conflicts between social groups. 2. Stability of political order. 3. Better outcome. Moral 1. It is the spirit of democracy. 2.People have the right to be consulted for governing practices. 3. Power sharing is valuable.
  • 13. Why in a democracy should political power be distributed?
  • 14. Amongst different organs of Govt. legislature, executive and judiciary Among Governments at different levels Different Social groups, religious/ linguistic Political parties, pressure groups and movements influence those in power
  • 15. • The Central Govt. is set up for the whole nation. • The state/provincial govt. is set up for each provinces/states. • The central govt. transfers/shares some of the powers to/with the state govt. (as in Belgium) • In a big country like India, this type of two tier system is not sufficient. • So we have the third tier – the Local Self Govt. • Both the Central and State govt. have transferred power and resources to the Local bodies. Central Govt. State Govt. Local Bodies Vertical Power Sharing • Each of these organs is placed at the same level to exercise different powers • None of them has unlimited power thus maintains balance. • Each one of them keeps watch on the functioning of the other two. • Hence it is called Check and Balance System Horizontal Power Sharing
  • 16. Amongst different organs of Govt. legislature, executive and judiciary Amongst Government at different levels Different Social groups, religious/ linguistic Political parties ,pressure groups and movements influence those in power Horizontal distribution as it allows different organs to exercise different powers A general govt. for the entire country- called Centre and government at the provincial/regional level. Federal Govt. Accommodates social diversities who would feel otherwise alienated. Formation of coalition Govt. when different parties form alliances No organ gets unlimited powers State Govt. Influence of interest groups-businessmen, industrialists, farmers and industrial workers. Each organ checks the other Constitutional distribution of power to the state and centre Results in balance of power Same with Panchayat and Municipality All ministers /Govt. officialsare responsible to parliament/state assemblies Vertical division of power Judges can also check the work of other organs A system of checks and balances