Verbal communication conveys specific information through words but is less immediate, while non-verbal communication conveys emotions more effectively through facial expressions and body language. Both forms of communication are needed to fully express thoughts and feelings. Oral communication refers to spoken communication through discussions and presentations, allowing for direct interaction, while written communication provides formal records but lacks immediacy of feedback. Effective communication requires skill in both verbal and non-verbal forms.

1. COMMUNICATION SKILLS
WEEK 5
Verbal & Non-verbal Communication
ORAL & WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
CLASSIFICATION OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
BY WARDAH AZHAR

2. Difference between
Verbal Communication Nonverbal Communication
• Verbal communication is • Nonverbal communication is
more immediate than verbal
best suited to convey communication, but its meaning
specific information, and is is typically more
better suited to ambiguous, notwithstanding the
fact that certain forms of
communication through nonverbal communication, such
technology over long as the use of the eyes, can convey
distances. emotions more effectively than
words can. Some technological
means of communication, such as
film, can effectively convey many
forms of nonverbal
communication.

3. Difference between Verbal Communication &
Non-Verbal Communication
• The differences between verbal and non-verbal
communication is minimal. Verbal and non-verbal
communication share something extraordinarily in
common. Both reveal emotion. Verbal communication can
be conveyed in a somber, happy, unhappy, angry,
informative or loving mood or attitude, through words.
Non-verbal communication can express the same
sentiments through gestures, facial expression and physical
actions.
• A picture is said to be worth a thousand words. This is a
form of visual and individual non-verbal communication.
Each individual, who is staring at a beautiful piece of art
work, will feel the picture speaks to them, in the form of
non-verbal communication.

4. When a lover's quarrel erupts and one partner
gives the other the "silent treatment," this also
is a form of non-verbal communication. It
sends a silent message; I am so angry, hurt, or
upset, "I am not speaking or communicating
with you."
When an infant cries, it is verbal
communication. However the parent or
caregiver may not exactly figure out what the
infant's problem is, but can discern quite
quickly, baby is communicating "I'm unhappy
or uncomfortable, hungry, lonely or fearful."
Although a smile is non-verbal communication,
universally everyone knows what message it is
usually conveying. One may not understand
the language of another, however a smile is
still a welcoming form of non-verbal
communication.

5. It is the same with weeping, although we may not
know why a person of a different language is
crying, unless we know first-hand the
problem, however we know from the person's
sadness they are communicating non-verbal physical
or emotional
pain, disappointment, anguish, grief, fear or loss.
Verbal communication is straight-forward. You
instantly know what the other person is thinking and
voicing. Verbal communication means conveying a
message directly from one human to another.
However, just like non-verbal
communication, emotion will accompany the verbal
communication.
When sign language is used, it is a form of non-
verbal communication. Yet, the communication
becomes just as understood, as verbal, provided the
listener understands sign language.
Body language is a non-verbal form of
communication. While speaking verbally to
another, a person's stance says much in a non-verbal
way. The folding of the arms can communicate
distance, disbelief, defiance or annoyance. A folding
of the hands from fingertip to fingertip can indicate
confidence.

6. Facial expression revelas much through non-
verbal communication. Frowns can indicate
disappointment or anger. When a person's
eyes "appear to light up" this indicates non-
verbal communication indicating the person is
happy to see you or happy or that the person
has been surprised in a good way. Downcast
eyes can reveal sadness in non-verbal
communication.
Verbal and non-verbal communication are best
when used together. Without expression
accompanying verbal communication, we can
become bored or lose interest in what we are
hearing. Gesturing is another way to
communicate non-verbally. Gestures help get
the speaker's point across, both verbally and
non-verbally.
When we smile as we communicate
verbally, we display friendliness and/or
happiness and can be assured the listener will
better pay attention. Conclusion is, both forms
of communication are needed to best express
what is on our minds and hearts.

7. Oral Communication
• Oral communication implies communication
through mouth. It includes individuals conversing
with each other, be it direct conversation or
telephonic conversation.
Speeches, presentations, discussions are all forms
of oral communication. Oral communication is
generally recommended when the
communication matter is of temporary kind or
where a direct interaction is required. Face to
face communication
(meetings, lectures, conferences, interviews, etc.)
is significant so as to build a rapport and trust.

8. Advantages of Oral Communication
• There is high level of understanding and transparency in oral
communication as it is interpersonal.
• There is no element of rigidity in oral communication. There is flexibility
for allowing changes in the decisions previously taken.
• The feedback is spontaneous in case of oral communication.
Thus, decisions can be made quickly without any delay.
• Oral communication is not only time saving, but it also saves upon money
and efforts.
• Oral communication is best in case of problem resolution. The
conflicts, disputes and many issues/differences can be put to an end by
talking them over.
• Oral communication is an essential for teamwork and group energy.
• Oral communication promotes a receptive and encouraging morale among
organizational employees.
• Oral communication can be best used to transfer private and confidential
information/matter.

9. Disadvantages of Oral Communication
• Relying only on oral communication may not be sufficient as business
communication is formal and very organized.
• Oral communication is less authentic than written communication as they
are informal and not as organized as written communication.
• Oral communication is time-saving as far as daily interactions are
concerned, but in case of meetings, long speeches consume lot of time
and are unproductive at times.
• Oral communications are not easy to maintain and thus they are unsteady.
• There may be misunderstandings as the information is not complete and
may lack essentials.
• It requires attentiveness and great receptivity on part of the
receivers/audience.
• Oral communication (such as speeches) is not frequently used as legal
records except in investigation work

10. Written Communication - Meaning
• Written communication has great significance in
today’s business world. It is an innovative activity of
the mind. Effective written communication is essential
for preparing worthy promotional materials for
business development. Speech came before writing.
But writing is more unique and formal than speech.
Effective writing involves careful choice of words, their
organization in correct order in sentences formation as
well as cohesive composition of sentences.
Also, writing is more valid and reliable than speech. But
while speech is spontaneous, writing causes delay and
takes time as feedback is not immediate.

11. Advantages of Written Communication
• Written communication helps in laying down apparent
principles, policies and rules for running of an organization.
• It is a permanent means of communication. Thus, it is useful
where record maintenance is required.
• It assists in proper delegation of responsibilities. While in case
of oral communication, it is impossible to fix and delegate
responsibilities on the grounds of speech as it can be taken back by
the speaker or he may refuse to acknowledge.
• Written communication is more precise and explicit.
• Effective written communication develops and enhances an
organization’s image.
• It provides ready records and references.
• Legal defenses can depend upon written communication as it
provides valid records.

12. Disadvantages of Written
Communication
• Written communication does not save upon the costs. It costs huge
in terms of stationery and the manpower employed in
writing/typing and delivering letters.
• Also, if the receivers of the written message are separated by
distance and if they need to clear their doubts, the response is not
spontaneous.
• Written communication is time-consuming as the feedback is
not immediate. The encoding and sending of message takes time.
• Effective written communication requires great skills and
competencies in language and vocabulary use. Poor writing skills
and quality have a negative impact on organization’s reputation.
• Too much paper work and e-mails burden is involved.

13. CLASSIFICATION OF NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
• 1. Facial Expression
• 2. Gestures
• 3. Paralinguistic Features
• 4. Body Language and Posture
• 5. Proxemics
• 6. Eye Gaze
• 7. Haptics
• 8. Appearance

14. CLASSIFICATION OF NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
• 1. Facial Expression • 2. Gestures
• Facial expressions are • Deliberate movements and
responsible for a huge signals are an important way
proportion of nonverbal to communicate meaning
communication. Consider how without words. Common
much information can be gestures include
conveyed with a smile or a waving, pointing, and using
frown. While nonverbal fingers to indicate numeric
communication and behavior amounts. Other gestures are
can vary dramatically between arbitrary and related to
cultures, the facial expressions culture.
for happiness, sadness, anger
and fear are similar
throughout the world.

15. CLASSIFICATION OF NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
• 3. Paralinguistic's • 4. Body Language and Posture
• Paralinguistic's refers to vocal • Posture and movement can also
communication that is separate convey a great deal on
from actual language. This information. Research on body
includes factors such as tone of language has grown significantly
voice, loudness, inflection and since the 1970's, but popular
pitch. Consider the powerful media have focused on the over-
effect that tone of voice can have interpretation of defensive
on the meaning of a sentence. postures, arm-crossing, and leg-
When said in a strong tone of crossing, especially after the
voice, listeners might interpret publication of Julius Fast's book
approval and enthusiasm. The Body Language. While these
same words said in a hesitant nonverbal behaviors can indicate
tone of voice might convey feelings and attitudes, research
disapproval and a lack of interest. suggests that body language is far
more subtle and less definitive
that previously believed.

16. CLASSIFICATION OF NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
• 5. Proxemics • 6. Eye Gaze
• People often refer to their need for • Looking, staring and blinking can also
"personal space," which is also an be important nonverbal behaviors.
important type of nonverbal When people encounter people or
communication. The amount of things that they like, the rate of
distance we need and the amount of blinking increases and pupils dilate.
space we perceive as belonging to us Looking at another person can
is influenced by a number of factors indicate a range of
including social norms, situational emotions, including hostility, interest
factors, personality characteristics and attraction.
and level of familiarity. For
example, the amount of personal
space needed when having a casual
conversation with another person
usually varies between 18 inches to
four feet. On the other hand, the
personal distance needed when
speaking to a crowd of people is
around 10 to 12 feet.

17. CLASSIFICATION OF NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
• 7. Haptics • 8. Appearance
• Communicating through touch is • Our choice of
another important nonverbal color, clothing, hairstyles and other
behavior. There has been a factors affecting appearance are also
substantial amount of research on considered a means of nonverbal
the importance of touch in infancy communication. Research on color
and early childhood. Harry Harlow's psychology has demonstrated that
classic monkey study demonstrated different colors can evoke different
how the deprivation of touch and moods. Appearance can also alter
contact impedes development. Baby physiological reactions, judgments
monkeys raised by wire mothers and interpretations. Just think of all
experienced permanent deficits in the subtle judgments you quickly
behavior and social interaction. make about someone based on his or
Touch can be used to communicate her appearance. These first
affection, familiarity, sympathy and impressions are important, which is
other emotions. why experts suggest that job seekers
dress appropriately for interviews
with potential employers.

18. assignment
• Body movement
• Physical characteristics
• Touching behavior
• Paralanguage aspects
• Space
• Artifacts
• Environment