This document discusses railway signaling and communication systems in India. It provides background on Indian Railways, the largest commercial employer in the world. It then describes different types of railway signaling such as block signaling and color light signaling used to safely direct train traffic. Interlocking systems using mechanical and electrical devices are also discussed to prevent conflicting train movements. The document concludes by covering various wired and wireless communication systems used by Indian Railways including microwave transmission, overhead lines, and optical fiber networks.

1. Presented By:
VIMAL KUMAR
ECE 7TH SEM

2. 1) Introduction
2) Railway Signaling
3) Interlocking
4) Train Traffic Control
5) Communication System
6) Microwave Transmission
7) Optical Fiber Communication

3.  FOUNDED IN 16TH APRIL,1853(ABOUT 161
YEARS AGO).
 HEAD QUARTER IS IN NEWDELHI,INDIA.
 REVENU IS 1441.67 BILLION INC (2013-2014).
 PROFIT IS 157.8 BILLION INC (2013-2014).
 ABOUT 1.307 MILLION EMPLOYEES (2014).
 THERE ARE 17 RAILWAY ZONES.

4. Indian Railways is an Indian state-owned enterprise,
owned and operated by the Government of
India through the Ministry of Railways.
It is the world's Fourth largest railway networks
comprising 115,000 km of track over a route of 65,436
km and 7,172 stations.
Railways were first introduced to India in 1853 from
Bombay to Thane.
Indian Railways is the world's ninth largest
commercial or utility employer, by number of
employees.

5.  A signal is a mechanical or electrical device
erected besides are railway line to pass
information relating to the state of the line
ahead to train.
 It is a system use to safely direct railway traffic
in order to prevent trains from colliding.

7. 1. BLOCK SIGNAL
2. TRAIN DETECTION
3. FIXED SIGNAL
4. MECHANICAL SIGNAL
5. COLOUR LIGHT SIGNAL
6. CAB SIGNAL

8.  An interlocking is an arrangement of signal
apparatus that prevents conflicting
movements through an arrangement of tracks
such as junctions or crossings.
 Interlocking system used mechanical device
both to operated the signaling device and
ensure their safe operation.
 Electrical relay interlocking were used.

9. 1. RRI means the station is interlocked and worked with
control panel located in RRI office.
2. Control panel has a geometrical layout of the entire yard
controlled by route interlocking.
3. Indication Panel is the points setting of the route approach
locking and provides in front of the SM(panel).
4. Points which is yard expect hand operated points are power
operated and worked from the RRI cabin.
5. Crank Handle Interlocking is the yard of the point
machine has been group into various group . One crank
handle of a one group can not be use on the point machine
of another group.
6. Track Circuit on the indication panel are mark in different
color and are provide with indication lamp.

10. 7. Relay is an electrical switch that open and close
under the control of another electrical signal.

11.  Railway control circuit are omnibus
telephone circuits, which provides
communication with each train working
point.
 They should provide satisfactory and reliable
communication between the controller and
various way side station , important signal
cabin, loco sheds, yard offices.

12. 1. Section Control/Train Control
2. Deputy Control
3. Traction Loco Control
4. S&T Control
5. Emergency Control
6. Emergency Wireless Control Communication

13.  The process of sending and receiving signal
between two station through different
medium in known as communication system.
 In communication system there are three
essential components that should be
consider.
1. Sending (Tx)
2. Receiving (Rx)
3. Medium

14. • Optical Systems
• Microwave Systems
Over Head
• Wireless communication
Media
• Radio Underground
System
Communication
• Telephone Microwave
Systems
• Passenger Communication
Information
Optical
• Public Communication
Address Systems
• Signal Post Telephones

15. OVER HEAD COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

16. MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION:
Microwave communication system is to transmitted
information from one place to another place without
interruption and clear reproduction at the receiver.
MICROWAVE SYSTEMS
• Microwave communication is line of
signal radio communication.
• Microwave communication can be
analog or digital.
Propagation Types
1.Ground wave propagation
2.Line of signal propagation
3.Sky wave propagation

17. MICROWAVE TRANSMISSON:
Microwave transmission refers to the technology
of transmitting information or energy by the use
of electromagnetic waves whosewavelengths are conveniently
measured in small numbers of centimetre, these are
called microwaves. This part of the radio spectrum ranges
across frequencies of roughly 1.0 GHz to 30 GHz.

18. Optical fiber communication is a method of transmitting
information from one place to another by sending pulses of
light through an optical fiber. The light forms an
electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry
information.

19. There is two types of optical fiber:
1. SINGLE MODE OPTICAL FIBER is an optical fiber in which
only the lowest order bound mode can propagate at the
wavelength of interest typically 1300- 1320 nm.
2. MULTI MODE OPTICAL FIBER is an optical fiber in which
light waves are dispersed into numerous path or modes as travel
through the cables core typically 850 or 1300 nm.