CONTAINS PHOTOS AND ILLUSTRATIONS ABOUT JALIS MADE ON FACADE AND RAILING OF:
TAJ MAHAL
RED FORT, AGRA
DEEG PALACE, BHARATPUR
FATEHPUR SIKRI
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3. TAJ MAHAL
The ‘ Taj Mahal’ represents the finest and
most sophisticated example of Mughal
architecture. Its origins lie in the moving
circumstances of its commission and the
culture and history of an Islamic Mughal
empire’s rule of large parts of India. The
distraught Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan
commissioned the mausoleum upon the
death of his favorite wife Mumtaz Mahal.
The Taj Mahal was constructed using
materials from all over India and Asia.
The buildings are constructed with walls
of brick and rubble inner cores faced
with either marble or sandstone locked
together with iron dowels and clamps.
Some of the walls of the mausoleum are
several metres thick.
The jali helps in lowering the temperature
by compressing the air through the holes.
Also when the air passes through these
openings, its velocity increases giving
profound diffusion.
Early jali work was built by carving into
stone, generally in geometric patterns,
while later the Mughals used very finely
carved plant-based designs, as at the Taj
Mahal. They also often added pietra
dura inlay to the surrounds, using marble
and semi-precious stones. pattern
constructed through the use of
Calligraphy and geometry.
8. JAMA MASJID, FATEHPUR SIKRI
The Jama Masjid (Friday Mosque) in Fatehpur Sikri is a mosque in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, completed
in 1571-5 by Sheikh Salim Chishti.The Imam of the Mosque has been the late Hazrat Shah Muhammad
Mazhar Ullah and now his son Maulvi Mukarram Ahmad leads the prayer.Being the mosque
constructed by the Mughal Emperor,they are referred to as 'Shahi Imams' (Royal Imams)
The rectangular mosque comprises a central nave with a single dome, two colonnaded halls on either
side, with two square chambers crowned with domes. Carved mihrabs adorn the main chamber and
the two smaller rooms.
The mosque marks the phase of transition in Islamic art, as indigenous architectural elements were
blended with Persian elements. The pillared dalan of the facade, the liwan with three arched openings
framed by panels and crowned by five chhatris and the central mihrab adorned with an inlaid mosaic
of stones that are bordered by glazed tiles, and it has golden inscriptions on a royal blue background, a
tribute to this fusion. The interiors of the iwan are adorned with watercolour paintings depicting stylized
floral designs. The dado panels, spandrels of arch and soffits are painted profusely. Unlike other
monuments, where domes are supported on squinches, here corbelled pendentives support the dome.
The Buland Darwaza and the Tomb of Salim Chishti are also a part of the mosque complex.
27. DEEG PALACE
The palace complex together with its
water gardens was a summer retreat
for the maharajas of Bharatpur. The
layout comprises several palaces
called bhawans, interwoven within
series of charbaghs and water
gardens. The major Bhawans are
Gopal Bhawan, Divan I Khas or the
Kishan Bhawan, Wrestling palace or
Nand Bhawan, Keshav Bhawan,
Hardev Bhawan, Suraj Bhawan and
symmetrically arranged twin pavilions
of Sawan & Bhadon