Chapter 6: Writing Objective Test Items
1) What is an objective test items?
2) Examples of an objective test items
a) True or False
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing true or false test items
b) Matching Type
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing matching type test items
c) Multiple Choice
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing multiple choice test items
d) Completion Test
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing completion test items
3) Guidelines for writing test items
Contains definitions, examples and pros and cons that will helped not only education students but also other courses.
hope this will help a lot on your study or report!
Chapter 6: Writing Objective Test Items
1) What is an objective test items?
2) Examples of an objective test items
a) True or False
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing true or false test items
b) Matching Type
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing matching type test items
c) Multiple Choice
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing multiple choice test items
d) Completion Test
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing completion test items
3) Guidelines for writing test items
The document discusses guidelines for writing different types of objective test items:
1. True-false, matching, and multiple choice items are commonly used selection item types. Suggestions are provided for writing each type to ensure items are unambiguous and test the intended objectives.
2. Supply item types like fill-in-the-blank require students to provide short answers. Guidelines emphasize writing clear, unambiguous items that test recall of important content.
3. Advantages and disadvantages of each item type are outlined. The summary concludes by providing general guidelines for writing test items that validly assess learning objectives without ambiguity or trick questions.
Test Assembling (writing and constructing)Tasneem Ahmad
The document provides guidelines for assembling and constructing different types of test items, including multiple choice, true/false, matching, fill-in-the-blank, and essay questions. It discusses arranging items in order of difficulty and by similar format. The guidelines recommend writing clear stems and response options that avoid tricks and irrelevant clues. The document also includes a checklist for assembling the final test to ensure a consistent and fair evaluation of students.
This document discusses best practices for testing and evaluation in language learning. It provides guidance on developing valid and reliable test items that accurately assess learners' abilities. Test methods should use clear, unambiguous questions and include multiple choice, cloze tests, summaries, and other techniques. When developing items, test creators should avoid ambiguity and ensure each item only tests one thing. They should also consider including options that are not exactly the same but still plausible as distractors.
This document discusses different types of test questions used in education measurement and evaluation. It describes supply type tests where students must supply missing information, including short answer and extended answer varieties. Short answer questions assess basic knowledge through one word to short responses, while extended/essay questions allow lengthier, paragraph responses to measure higher-order thinking. Selection type tests involve choosing from options, including true/false, matching, and multiple choice questions. The advantages and disadvantages of each question type are outlined.
This chapter discusses objective test items, which are items with a single correct response. It covers the general characteristics and guidelines for writing different types of objective test items, including multiple choice, matching, and true/false items. It also discusses item analysis, which is the process of analyzing statistical characteristics of each item on a test to determine if items should be retained or discarded. Key aspects covered include item difficulty, item discrimination, distractor analysis, and test reliability. The document provides detailed guidelines for writing different types of objective test items and how to conduct item analysis following test administration.
The document discusses eliminating irrelevant barriers and unintended clues in objective test items that can undermine the validity of an assessment. Factors like complex sentences, difficult vocabulary, and unclear instructions are construct-irrelevant barriers that limit students' responses. Test items should measure the intended learning outcomes and not other irrelevant abilities. Care should be taken to avoid ambiguity, wordiness, biases and other barriers that prevent students from demonstrating their actual achievement levels. Clues within items could allow students without sufficient learning to still answer correctly, preventing the items from functioning as intended.
Contains definitions, examples and pros and cons that will helped not only education students but also other courses.
hope this will help a lot on your study or report!
Chapter 6: Writing Objective Test Items
1) What is an objective test items?
2) Examples of an objective test items
a) True or False
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing true or false test items
b) Matching Type
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing matching type test items
c) Multiple Choice
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing multiple choice test items
d) Completion Test
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Suggestions for writing completion test items
3) Guidelines for writing test items
The document discusses guidelines for writing different types of objective test items:
1. True-false, matching, and multiple choice items are commonly used selection item types. Suggestions are provided for writing each type to ensure items are unambiguous and test the intended objectives.
2. Supply item types like fill-in-the-blank require students to provide short answers. Guidelines emphasize writing clear, unambiguous items that test recall of important content.
3. Advantages and disadvantages of each item type are outlined. The summary concludes by providing general guidelines for writing test items that validly assess learning objectives without ambiguity or trick questions.
Test Assembling (writing and constructing)Tasneem Ahmad
The document provides guidelines for assembling and constructing different types of test items, including multiple choice, true/false, matching, fill-in-the-blank, and essay questions. It discusses arranging items in order of difficulty and by similar format. The guidelines recommend writing clear stems and response options that avoid tricks and irrelevant clues. The document also includes a checklist for assembling the final test to ensure a consistent and fair evaluation of students.
This document discusses best practices for testing and evaluation in language learning. It provides guidance on developing valid and reliable test items that accurately assess learners' abilities. Test methods should use clear, unambiguous questions and include multiple choice, cloze tests, summaries, and other techniques. When developing items, test creators should avoid ambiguity and ensure each item only tests one thing. They should also consider including options that are not exactly the same but still plausible as distractors.
This document discusses different types of test questions used in education measurement and evaluation. It describes supply type tests where students must supply missing information, including short answer and extended answer varieties. Short answer questions assess basic knowledge through one word to short responses, while extended/essay questions allow lengthier, paragraph responses to measure higher-order thinking. Selection type tests involve choosing from options, including true/false, matching, and multiple choice questions. The advantages and disadvantages of each question type are outlined.
This chapter discusses objective test items, which are items with a single correct response. It covers the general characteristics and guidelines for writing different types of objective test items, including multiple choice, matching, and true/false items. It also discusses item analysis, which is the process of analyzing statistical characteristics of each item on a test to determine if items should be retained or discarded. Key aspects covered include item difficulty, item discrimination, distractor analysis, and test reliability. The document provides detailed guidelines for writing different types of objective test items and how to conduct item analysis following test administration.
The document discusses eliminating irrelevant barriers and unintended clues in objective test items that can undermine the validity of an assessment. Factors like complex sentences, difficult vocabulary, and unclear instructions are construct-irrelevant barriers that limit students' responses. Test items should measure the intended learning outcomes and not other irrelevant abilities. Care should be taken to avoid ambiguity, wordiness, biases and other barriers that prevent students from demonstrating their actual achievement levels. Clues within items could allow students without sufficient learning to still answer correctly, preventing the items from functioning as intended.
Topic: Constructing Objective and Essay Type Test
Student Name: Pardeep Kumar
Class: B.Ed. Hons Elementary Part (II)
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
This document discusses true/false tests, including:
- True/false questions present declarative statements that students must identify as true or false.
- It provides 11 rules for constructing effective true/false test items, such as avoiding hints, tricky words, double negatives, long sentences, and using a similar number of true and false statements.
- The advantages and disadvantages of true/false tests are mentioned but not described.
This document discusses test construction and different types of test items. It begins by explaining the importance of preparing a table of specifications to guide test construction and ensure validity and reliability. Various types of test items are described, including multiple choice, matching, true/false, short answer, and essay. The advantages and disadvantages of each item type are provided. Steps in test construction include specifying objectives, developing a table of specifications, writing test items, pre-testing items, and revising flawed items. Guidelines for writing high-quality test items emphasize clarity, focusing items on single concepts, and providing appropriate response options.
Reliability
Reliability refers to the extent to which a scale produces consistent results, if the measurements are repeated a number of times.
Reliability is a measure of the stability or consistency of test scores.
When a measurement procedure yields consistent scores when the phenomenon being measured is not changing
Degree to which scores are free of “Measurement Error Consistency of the measurement
Example: Weighing scale used multiple times in a day by the same individual
Types of reliability
Internal consistency reliability
Test-retest reliability
Split–half method
Inter-rater reliability
Internal consistency reliability
Also known as inter-item reliability.
It is the measure of how well the items on the test measure the same construct or idea.
Cronbach's Alpha
Cronbach's Alpha are most commonly used used to measure inter-item reliability to see if questionnaires with multiple questions are reliable. Value must by above 0.7.
Test-retest reliability
Test-retest reliability is a measure of reliability obtained by administering the same test twice over a period of time to same group of individuals.
Test-retest reliability is the degree to which scores are consistent over time.
Same test- different times
Example: Administering the same questionnaire at 2 different times such as IQ test.
Split–half method
A method of determining the reliability of a test by dividing the whole test into two halves and scoring the two halves separately.
Especially appropriate when the test is very long.
The most used method to split the test into two is using the odd-even strategy.
Inter-rater reliability
Inter-rater reliability is the extent to which two or more raters (or observers, coders, examiners) agree.
Inter-rater reliability is essential when making decisions in research and clinical settings.
References
Neuman, L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Pearson Education Limited.
The document outlines 9 stages of test construction: 1) Planning, 2) Preparing items, 3) Establishing validity, 4) Reliability, 5) Arranging items, 6) Writing directions, 7) Analyzing and revising, 8) Reproducing, and 9) Administering and scoring. It discusses key considerations at each stage such as writing items according to specifications, establishing content and criterion validity, determining reliability through various methods, and ensuring the test is objective, comprehensive, simple, and practical. The final stages cover arranging items by difficulty, providing clear directions, analyzing item performance, and properly administering the test.
An objective test is a test that has predetermined right and wrong answers that can be marked objectively. It includes questions that require selecting an answer from choices, identifying objects or positions, or supplying brief text responses. Objective tests are popular because they are easy to prepare and take, quick to mark, and provide quantifiable results. Common types of objective test questions include true-false items, matching items, multiple choice items, and completion items.
The document provides guidance on constructing effective multiple-choice tests. It discusses the strengths and limitations of multiple-choice tests, and guidelines for writing test items. It emphasizes writing clear stems and alternatives that assess different cognitive levels. Distractors should be plausible but incorrect. The summary effectively captures the key topics and purpose of the document in a concise manner.
This document discusses the characteristics of a good test. It defines a test as an instrument used to observe and describe student characteristics numerically or through classification. A good test should demonstrate validity, reliability, practicality, administrability, comprehensiveness, objectivity, simplicity, and scorability. Validity refers to a test measuring what it intends to measure, and there are different types of validity including content, criterion-related, construct, and face validity. Reliability means a test produces consistent results and can be measured through methods like test-retest, parallel forms, and split-half reliability. Other characteristics include a test being practical to administer and score, comprehensive of the subject matter, objective in its scoring,
Analysis of test formats, poor and good itemshec2r
This document discusses item analysis for language tests. Item analysis measures the performance of individual test items to help improve both the items and the overall test. It involves analyzing the item difficulty, item discrimination, and distractor efficiency. Item difficulty deals with the percentage of students answering correctly. Item discrimination differentiates between high- and low-ability students. Distractor efficiency examines how well distractors mislead lower-ability test takers. Conducting item analysis helps ensure tests are reliable, valid, and provide diagnostic information about students.
This document provides information about multiple choice tests:
- Multiple choice tests consist of stems presenting a problem or incomplete statement, followed by a set of options from which the test taker must select the correct answer. They are commonly used for educational and other types of assessments.
- Advantages include the ability to test a wide range of material efficiently. Disadvantages are that they are best for testing lower-order thinking skills and may be ambiguous.
- Guidelines for constructing high-quality multiple choice questions include basing each item on a clear problem, including relevant information in the stem, stating stems positively, writing alternatives clearly and concisely, and making alternatives mutually exclusive.
This document presents information on multiple choice tests. It discusses that multiple choice questions can test a wide breadth of content and objectives in an objective manner. Well-designed multiple choice questions allow for testing recall of facts as well as higher-order thinking if questions are skillfully written. Guidelines are provided for writing effective question stems and alternatives, such as making distractors appealing and grammatically consistent. Both advantages and disadvantages of multiple choice questions are outlined.
This document discusses constructing subjective test items, specifically essay tests. It covers several key points:
- Subjective tests require long written responses and assess how students use their mind and feelings to make logical claims. They are more challenging to administer and evaluate but can be more valid.
- Essay questions can be extended response, requiring lengthy answers, or restricted response, with brief answers. Good essay questions cover major concepts and demand higher-level thinking.
- Scoring of essay tests can be done analytically, assessing each part of the answer separately, or holistically, with an overall impression. Rubrics are used to clearly define scoring criteria.
- When constructing essay questions, examiners should indicate expected
This document discusses different types of tests used to assess students. It describes objective tests which can be scored reliably, including multiple choice questions, true/false, matching, and short answer items. Objective tests are easy to construct and score but encourage memorization. Subjective tests like essays allow more flexible answers but are harder to score reliably. Other tests discussed include proficiency, placement, achievement, aptitude, admission, progress and language dominance tests, each with a specific purpose in assessing students.
The document discusses the process of test construction. It describes the key steps as including planning, design, and development. In the planning phase, test developers must decide the goal, format, and tasks for the test. In the design phase, material is collected and draft versions are written and evaluated. The development phase involves piloting the test on sample users and revising it based on analysis of piloting results to determine validity and reliability before finalizing the test. The overall process emphasizes iterative development, evaluation, and refinement of test items and versions.
Subjective tests assess students' ability to produce, integrate, and express ideas through open-ended questions. They include short answer questions, which require a word or brief response, and essays, which require longer written answers. While easy to construct and score, short answer questions may only measure lower-level thinking and allow for memorized responses. Essays can measure complex thinking but are more difficult to score reliably. When constructing subjective tests, questions should not be taken directly from materials, provide clues, have clear scoring rubrics, and cover a range of cognitive levels and content.
Topic: Constructing Objective and Subjective Test
Student Name: Munazza Samo
Class: B.Ed. Hons Elementary Part (II)
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
The document discusses different types of test items used in assessments, including objective items (e.g. multiple choice, matching), short answer items, and essay items. It provides guidance on constructing each type of item, such as using clear unambiguous language, logical response options, and ensuring items measure intended learning outcomes. The key principles are to plan assessments systematically, write high-quality items according to best practices, and analyze item performance to refine future tests.
The document discusses different types of selection items used in testing students, focusing on multiple choice and matching type tests. For multiple choice tests, it provides guidelines for constructing the stem, options, and distractors. Some advantages are they can measure different learning levels and scores are reliable. Disadvantages include being time-consuming to create and not assessing problem-solving skills. For matching tests, guidelines are provided for the descriptions and options. Advantages are they are simpler to create and reduce guessing, while disadvantages are they only measure recall and are difficult to construct well.
1. The document discusses different types of assessment including authentic assessment. It defines assessment, evaluation, testing, and marks.
2. Authentic assessment involves evaluating students based on real-world tasks that demonstrate knowledge application, unlike traditional testing which focuses on recall and recognition.
3. The document provides examples of authentic assessment activities and compares the key differences between traditional and authentic assessment. Authentic assessment complements traditional assessment by requiring students to demonstrate skills.
Abdul Sattar Edhi was a renowned philanthropist from Pakistan who established the Edhi Foundation, the largest social welfare organization in the country. He was born in 1928 in India and migrated to Pakistan after partition. Inspired by his mother's death, Edhi founded the foundation in 1951 which now operates the world's largest ambulance service as well as free orphanages, women's shelters, and rehabilitation centers. Under Edhi's vision, the foundation has grown tremendously and provides numerous social services to millions of people across Pakistan.
This document discusses the history and development of curriculum in the Philippines. It covers the influences of Spanish colonial rule, American rule, and the Japanese occupation on the Philippine curriculum. It also describes the essentialist and progressive schools of thought on curriculum development. Additionally, it discusses the modernization and reforms of the Philippine curriculum after independence, including an emphasis on moral values, relevance, vocational education, and national consciousness. The document provides context on how political, economic, social, and religious factors have shaped curriculum development in the Philippines over time.
Topic: Constructing Objective and Essay Type Test
Student Name: Pardeep Kumar
Class: B.Ed. Hons Elementary Part (II)
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
This document discusses true/false tests, including:
- True/false questions present declarative statements that students must identify as true or false.
- It provides 11 rules for constructing effective true/false test items, such as avoiding hints, tricky words, double negatives, long sentences, and using a similar number of true and false statements.
- The advantages and disadvantages of true/false tests are mentioned but not described.
This document discusses test construction and different types of test items. It begins by explaining the importance of preparing a table of specifications to guide test construction and ensure validity and reliability. Various types of test items are described, including multiple choice, matching, true/false, short answer, and essay. The advantages and disadvantages of each item type are provided. Steps in test construction include specifying objectives, developing a table of specifications, writing test items, pre-testing items, and revising flawed items. Guidelines for writing high-quality test items emphasize clarity, focusing items on single concepts, and providing appropriate response options.
Reliability
Reliability refers to the extent to which a scale produces consistent results, if the measurements are repeated a number of times.
Reliability is a measure of the stability or consistency of test scores.
When a measurement procedure yields consistent scores when the phenomenon being measured is not changing
Degree to which scores are free of “Measurement Error Consistency of the measurement
Example: Weighing scale used multiple times in a day by the same individual
Types of reliability
Internal consistency reliability
Test-retest reliability
Split–half method
Inter-rater reliability
Internal consistency reliability
Also known as inter-item reliability.
It is the measure of how well the items on the test measure the same construct or idea.
Cronbach's Alpha
Cronbach's Alpha are most commonly used used to measure inter-item reliability to see if questionnaires with multiple questions are reliable. Value must by above 0.7.
Test-retest reliability
Test-retest reliability is a measure of reliability obtained by administering the same test twice over a period of time to same group of individuals.
Test-retest reliability is the degree to which scores are consistent over time.
Same test- different times
Example: Administering the same questionnaire at 2 different times such as IQ test.
Split–half method
A method of determining the reliability of a test by dividing the whole test into two halves and scoring the two halves separately.
Especially appropriate when the test is very long.
The most used method to split the test into two is using the odd-even strategy.
Inter-rater reliability
Inter-rater reliability is the extent to which two or more raters (or observers, coders, examiners) agree.
Inter-rater reliability is essential when making decisions in research and clinical settings.
References
Neuman, L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Pearson Education Limited.
The document outlines 9 stages of test construction: 1) Planning, 2) Preparing items, 3) Establishing validity, 4) Reliability, 5) Arranging items, 6) Writing directions, 7) Analyzing and revising, 8) Reproducing, and 9) Administering and scoring. It discusses key considerations at each stage such as writing items according to specifications, establishing content and criterion validity, determining reliability through various methods, and ensuring the test is objective, comprehensive, simple, and practical. The final stages cover arranging items by difficulty, providing clear directions, analyzing item performance, and properly administering the test.
An objective test is a test that has predetermined right and wrong answers that can be marked objectively. It includes questions that require selecting an answer from choices, identifying objects or positions, or supplying brief text responses. Objective tests are popular because they are easy to prepare and take, quick to mark, and provide quantifiable results. Common types of objective test questions include true-false items, matching items, multiple choice items, and completion items.
The document provides guidance on constructing effective multiple-choice tests. It discusses the strengths and limitations of multiple-choice tests, and guidelines for writing test items. It emphasizes writing clear stems and alternatives that assess different cognitive levels. Distractors should be plausible but incorrect. The summary effectively captures the key topics and purpose of the document in a concise manner.
This document discusses the characteristics of a good test. It defines a test as an instrument used to observe and describe student characteristics numerically or through classification. A good test should demonstrate validity, reliability, practicality, administrability, comprehensiveness, objectivity, simplicity, and scorability. Validity refers to a test measuring what it intends to measure, and there are different types of validity including content, criterion-related, construct, and face validity. Reliability means a test produces consistent results and can be measured through methods like test-retest, parallel forms, and split-half reliability. Other characteristics include a test being practical to administer and score, comprehensive of the subject matter, objective in its scoring,
Analysis of test formats, poor and good itemshec2r
This document discusses item analysis for language tests. Item analysis measures the performance of individual test items to help improve both the items and the overall test. It involves analyzing the item difficulty, item discrimination, and distractor efficiency. Item difficulty deals with the percentage of students answering correctly. Item discrimination differentiates between high- and low-ability students. Distractor efficiency examines how well distractors mislead lower-ability test takers. Conducting item analysis helps ensure tests are reliable, valid, and provide diagnostic information about students.
This document provides information about multiple choice tests:
- Multiple choice tests consist of stems presenting a problem or incomplete statement, followed by a set of options from which the test taker must select the correct answer. They are commonly used for educational and other types of assessments.
- Advantages include the ability to test a wide range of material efficiently. Disadvantages are that they are best for testing lower-order thinking skills and may be ambiguous.
- Guidelines for constructing high-quality multiple choice questions include basing each item on a clear problem, including relevant information in the stem, stating stems positively, writing alternatives clearly and concisely, and making alternatives mutually exclusive.
This document presents information on multiple choice tests. It discusses that multiple choice questions can test a wide breadth of content and objectives in an objective manner. Well-designed multiple choice questions allow for testing recall of facts as well as higher-order thinking if questions are skillfully written. Guidelines are provided for writing effective question stems and alternatives, such as making distractors appealing and grammatically consistent. Both advantages and disadvantages of multiple choice questions are outlined.
This document discusses constructing subjective test items, specifically essay tests. It covers several key points:
- Subjective tests require long written responses and assess how students use their mind and feelings to make logical claims. They are more challenging to administer and evaluate but can be more valid.
- Essay questions can be extended response, requiring lengthy answers, or restricted response, with brief answers. Good essay questions cover major concepts and demand higher-level thinking.
- Scoring of essay tests can be done analytically, assessing each part of the answer separately, or holistically, with an overall impression. Rubrics are used to clearly define scoring criteria.
- When constructing essay questions, examiners should indicate expected
This document discusses different types of tests used to assess students. It describes objective tests which can be scored reliably, including multiple choice questions, true/false, matching, and short answer items. Objective tests are easy to construct and score but encourage memorization. Subjective tests like essays allow more flexible answers but are harder to score reliably. Other tests discussed include proficiency, placement, achievement, aptitude, admission, progress and language dominance tests, each with a specific purpose in assessing students.
The document discusses the process of test construction. It describes the key steps as including planning, design, and development. In the planning phase, test developers must decide the goal, format, and tasks for the test. In the design phase, material is collected and draft versions are written and evaluated. The development phase involves piloting the test on sample users and revising it based on analysis of piloting results to determine validity and reliability before finalizing the test. The overall process emphasizes iterative development, evaluation, and refinement of test items and versions.
Subjective tests assess students' ability to produce, integrate, and express ideas through open-ended questions. They include short answer questions, which require a word or brief response, and essays, which require longer written answers. While easy to construct and score, short answer questions may only measure lower-level thinking and allow for memorized responses. Essays can measure complex thinking but are more difficult to score reliably. When constructing subjective tests, questions should not be taken directly from materials, provide clues, have clear scoring rubrics, and cover a range of cognitive levels and content.
Topic: Constructing Objective and Subjective Test
Student Name: Munazza Samo
Class: B.Ed. Hons Elementary Part (II)
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
The document discusses different types of test items used in assessments, including objective items (e.g. multiple choice, matching), short answer items, and essay items. It provides guidance on constructing each type of item, such as using clear unambiguous language, logical response options, and ensuring items measure intended learning outcomes. The key principles are to plan assessments systematically, write high-quality items according to best practices, and analyze item performance to refine future tests.
The document discusses different types of selection items used in testing students, focusing on multiple choice and matching type tests. For multiple choice tests, it provides guidelines for constructing the stem, options, and distractors. Some advantages are they can measure different learning levels and scores are reliable. Disadvantages include being time-consuming to create and not assessing problem-solving skills. For matching tests, guidelines are provided for the descriptions and options. Advantages are they are simpler to create and reduce guessing, while disadvantages are they only measure recall and are difficult to construct well.
1. The document discusses different types of assessment including authentic assessment. It defines assessment, evaluation, testing, and marks.
2. Authentic assessment involves evaluating students based on real-world tasks that demonstrate knowledge application, unlike traditional testing which focuses on recall and recognition.
3. The document provides examples of authentic assessment activities and compares the key differences between traditional and authentic assessment. Authentic assessment complements traditional assessment by requiring students to demonstrate skills.
Abdul Sattar Edhi was a renowned philanthropist from Pakistan who established the Edhi Foundation, the largest social welfare organization in the country. He was born in 1928 in India and migrated to Pakistan after partition. Inspired by his mother's death, Edhi founded the foundation in 1951 which now operates the world's largest ambulance service as well as free orphanages, women's shelters, and rehabilitation centers. Under Edhi's vision, the foundation has grown tremendously and provides numerous social services to millions of people across Pakistan.
This document discusses the history and development of curriculum in the Philippines. It covers the influences of Spanish colonial rule, American rule, and the Japanese occupation on the Philippine curriculum. It also describes the essentialist and progressive schools of thought on curriculum development. Additionally, it discusses the modernization and reforms of the Philippine curriculum after independence, including an emphasis on moral values, relevance, vocational education, and national consciousness. The document provides context on how political, economic, social, and religious factors have shaped curriculum development in the Philippines over time.
This document provides guidelines for constructing objective paper and pencil tests, including multiple choice and alternate response items. It discusses ensuring test directions are clear and field testing them. For multiple choice items, it recommends that each item is a clear question with one correct answer and plausible distractors. Guidelines are provided for writing problem solving items, such as ensuring the principles being tested are significant and comprehensible. The document also provides tips for writing true-false items, such as avoiding negatives, unfamiliar language, and patterns of responses.
The document discusses the difference between objective and subjective information. Subjective information expresses a personal opinion or viewpoint, while objective information aims to be completely unbiased without taking a stance. Examples provided show that subjective writing is found in personal essays and editorials expressing opinions, while objective writing sticks to facts and is used in news reports and textbooks. Some texts may contain both subjective and objective elements, so it is important to recognize which segments are opinion-based and which just report facts.
This document discusses item response theory and adaptive testing. It covers the item characteristic curve and how it models the probability of a correct response based on ability level. It describes one, two, and three parameter logistic models for the curve. It explains how item parameters like difficulty and discrimination are estimated by fitting the curve to observed response proportions from different ability groups. The item parameters should be group invariant, meaning they produce the same curve when estimated separately in different groups.
Item analysis is a process to evaluate the quality and performance of individual test items. It involves analyzing students' responses to separate test items and their total test scores to evaluate item discrimination (how well items differentiate between more and less competent students) and difficulty. Item analysis can be done electronically by correlating student responses on individual items with their total scores, or manually by comparing responses of high-scoring and low-scoring student groups. The results are used to identify poorly performing items that may need revision or removal from tests.
Administering, analyzing, and improving the test or assessmentNema Grace Medillo
The document provides guidance on test development and administration. It discusses assembling the test, administering it, scoring it, and analyzing results both quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitative analysis includes calculating difficulty levels and discrimination indices to evaluate items. Qualitative analysis examines items' match to objectives and technical quality. The document also describes modifications for criterion-referenced tests, such as using pre- and post-tests as upper and lower groups for analysis. Overall, the guidance aims to help avoid common pitfalls and improve tests and assessments.
The man who changed Pakistan summarizes the life and accomplishments of Abdul Sattar Edhi, a renowned Pakistani humanitarian. Edhi was born in India in 1928 and migrated to Pakistan after partition in 1947. He established the Edhi Foundation, which runs the world's largest ambulance service and operates numerous social welfare programs across Pakistan. The Foundation has also provided relief efforts internationally. Edhi received widespread recognition and numerous humanitarian awards for his charitable work helping millions of people over several decades.
1) The document discusses properties of pure substances and how they are presented in tables. It focuses on water properties and steam tables.
2) It explains different phases like saturated liquid, saturated vapor, superheated vapor, and compressed liquid. It also discusses quality and using tables to find properties through interpolation.
3) The ideal gas equation of state is presented along with when it can be applied to water vapor. The compressibility factor is introduced as a measure of how gases deviate from ideal behavior.
Mr. Abdur Sattar Edhi was a humanitarian leader from Pakistan who founded the Edhi Foundation. He possessed traits of transformational and affiliative leadership. As a transformational leader, he motivated followers to high performance and helped develop their leadership potential. As an affiliative leader, he established positive relationships. Some of his key qualities included having courage to make unpopular decisions, leading individuals collectively towards the foundation's goals, believing strongly in his willpower and positive thinking. He earned his position through over 45 years of service, set an example for volunteers, and created harmony while taking responsibility for his decisions.
The document provides an overview of a presentation on subjective and objective tests. It defines subjective tests as those requiring essay, explanation or description answers, while objective tests can be objectively scored with selected responses. It discusses the purposes of tests in evaluating students and instruction, and how to design subjective tests including short answers and essays. Tips are provided for writing good subjective test questions and scoring student responses. The presentation aims to distinguish between subjective and objective testing methods and items.
Arthropoda memiliki ciri-ciri tubuh yang terbagi menjadi ruas-ruas dan dilindungi ekzoskeleton dari zat kitin. Tubuhnya dibedakan menjadi bagian kepala, dada, dan perut. Arthropoda dibagi menjadi 4 kelas yaitu Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Crustacea, dan Hexapoda. Kelas Hexapoda (serangga) memiliki ciri 3 pasang kaki pada bagian dada dan dapat bermetamorfosis.
The document discusses methods for establishing the validity and reliability of assessment tools, including correlation coefficients, levels of measurement, reliability measures like test-retest reliability and internal consistency, and validity measures like content validity, criterion validity, and construct validity. It also covers item analysis methods like calculating item difficulty and discrimination indices. The overall aim is to evaluate how well an assessment tool measures what it intends to measure and produces consistent results.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help alleviate symptoms of mental illness and boost overall mental well-being.
The EDHI Foundation is the largest non-profit organization in Pakistan, founded in 1951 by Dr. Abdul Sattar EDHI. It operates 335 centers across Pakistan providing free health care, ambulance services, orphanages, and other social services to people in need without discrimination. The foundation is funded through donations from the public and has expanded to help refugees and open branches internationally while staying true to its values of humanitarianism and self-sufficiency.
This document discusses test validity, reliability, and item analysis. It provides details on the following stages of test construction: planning the test, trying out the test, establishing validity, establishing reliability, and interpreting scores. Item analysis involves calculating difficulty and discrimination indices to evaluate individual test items and improve the test. Validity refers to how well a test measures the intended construct. Reliability measures the consistency of test scores and can be estimated through stability, equivalence, internal consistency, and other methods. The document provides formulas and steps for conducting these analyses to evaluate and improve assessments.
This document discusses analyzing test items to determine their difficulty and ability to differentiate between high and low scoring examinees. It provides guidelines for interpreting facility and discrimination indices. The facility index represents the percentage of examinees answering an item correctly, and discrimination is a number indicating how well an item distinguishes high and low performers. Examples are given of calculating these indices and analyzing item performance based on the results.
Dr. Abdul Sattar Edhi was a renowned Pakistani philanthropist who established the Edhi Foundation and Trust, the largest social welfare organization in Pakistan. He opened free orphanages, women's shelters, rehab centers, and ran the world's largest ambulance service. Edhi's personal experiences with his mother's death and the suffering of others inspired him to establish a network of welfare services across Pakistan to help the ill, disabled, and disadvantaged. The Edhi Foundation now operates over 1800 ambulances, clinics, shelters and other services, making it the largest social welfare organization in Pakistan.
The document discusses the Edhi Foundation, a non-profit social welfare organization in Pakistan founded by Abdul Sattar Edhi in 1951. The Foundation provides various free services including emergency shelters, hospitals, medical care, orphanages, and disaster relief. It has over 300 centers across Pakistan serving rural and urban areas. The Foundation's services include emergency response, healthcare, education, orphan care, and operating ambulances, blood banks, and marine services. It is the largest social welfare organization in Pakistan and aims to alleviate human suffering regardless of religion, geography, or race. The Foundation faces challenges maintaining funding and resources to continue expanding its operations.
This document provides an overview of different types of objective test items including true/false, matching, multiple choice, and completion test items. It discusses the key characteristics of each type of item and provides suggestions for writing effective items. Some key points include:
- True/false items should avoid absolute terms and be clearly true or false without qualifications. Matching items should have homogeneous options and unambiguous questions.
- Multiple choice items should have a clear stem and plausible distractors. The correct answer should be the only logically correct choice.
- Completion items should require a single-word answer and omit only key terms.
- Advantages of objective items include ease of scoring and ability to test a wide range
The document discusses guidelines for developing different types of item tests, including multiple choice, matching, true/false, and essay questions. For multiple choice questions, it recommends keeping option lengths similar, arranging options logically, and asking for the "best answer" rather than the "correct answer." For matching questions, it advises making column A longer than column B. When constructing true/false questions, it suggests avoiding words like "always" and "never" and keeping sentences short. Finally, it provides tips for writing essay questions such as phrasing the direction to guide students and avoiding optional questions.
This document discusses assessment of learning and different types of tests used to evaluate student learning. It describes formative and summative assessments, as well as standardized, criterion-referenced, and norm-referenced tests. The stages of test construction are outlined, including planning, trying out drafts, establishing validity and reliability, and interpreting scores. Guidelines are provided for constructing different types of tests such as objective, essay, and recognition tests. The advantages and disadvantages of objective and essay tests are also compared.
This document discusses different types of tests including true/false, short answer, essay, and matching tests. It provides details on each type, including guidelines for constructing them and advantages/disadvantages. True/false tests can assess basic knowledge but have high guessing rates. Short answer tests reduce guessing and assess lower-level thinking but are time-consuming to score. Essay tests measure higher-order skills but are difficult to score reliably. Matching tests are easy to construct and score but often assess trivial information. Proper construction and clear guidelines are important for all test types.
The document discusses different types of test items including objective, subjective, essay, and performance items. It provides guidance on choosing the appropriate test item based on the learning objective being assessed. It also provides suggestions for constructing different types of objective test items, including multiple choice, true-false, and matching items. Key considerations discussed include writing clear stems and alternatives, avoiding ambiguity, and ensuring only one correct answer.
The document discusses guidelines for constructing objective tests, including true-false items and multiple choice items. It provides 18 rules for developing high-quality multiple choice questions, such as using clear and concise language, avoiding trick questions, ensuring distractors are plausible, and more. The document emphasizes designing tests to evaluate students' understanding rather than just testing reading ability.
The document discusses guidelines for developing objective paper-and-pencil tests, including true-false, multiple choice, and matching items. It describes the important steps in test planning such as identifying objectives, deciding on test type, and constructing a Table of Specifications to ensure a balance of question difficulties. Rules are provided for developing true-false items, such as avoiding trick questions and giving hints. Guidelines are also given for writing high-quality multiple choice questions, such as using clear language and making all distractors equally plausible. The document aims to help teachers create valid, reliable objective tests that accurately assess student learning.
The document provides information on different types of assessment tools:
1) Multiple choice tests, true/false tests, matching tests, completion tests, cloze tests, and essay tests. Advantages and disadvantages of each type are discussed.
2) Guidance is given on writing questions for each test type, including pointers on style, structure, and content.
3) References are provided on assessment and measuring student learning outcomes. The document aims to help in developing different assessment tools.
Creating (more) effective tests and quizzes.spr.15Julie Sievers
The document discusses designing effective tests and quizzes. It provides tips for creating different types of assessment items, including supply items, true/false questions, multiple choice, matching and essay prompts. The document emphasizes writing clear, unambiguous questions that accurately measure learning objectives. It also stresses the importance of culturally responsive assessment practices to ensure equitable evaluation of all students.
This document discusses different types of assessment tools and techniques. It describes subjective and objective assessment types. Subjective types include extended response/essay questions which give students freedom in their responses but can be time consuming to score. Objective types include supply questions, selection questions, and multiple choice questions. Supply questions require students to write or supply an answer and include short answer and completion questions. Selection questions require students to select an answer from options given, including true/false questions, matching questions, and multiple choice questions which present a problem and potential solutions. The document provides examples and benefits and limitations of each type of assessment tool.
The document provides guidelines for writing test items or questions. It defines key terms related to test development such as item, item writing, item pool, test, and task. It also describes different item formats such as dichotomous, polytomous, checklists, and Likert scales. For multiple choice items, it explains the components of the stem, lead-in statement, answer options, correct answer, and distractors. The document outlines prerequisites for item writing and provides guidelines for writing clear, unambiguous items that avoid trick questions and guessing. It suggests using Bloom's Taxonomy to develop items testing different cognitive levels and provides examples of terms that can be used to frame item questions.
The document provides guidelines for writing effective test items. It defines key terms related to item writing such as item, item writing, item pool, and test. It also describes different item formats including dichotomous, polytomous, checklists, and Likert scales. The document outlines best practices for writing multiple choice, true-false, matching, short answer, and oral examination items. It emphasizes the importance of clarity, avoiding trick questions, using a variety of question types and cognitive levels, and carefully constructing item stems, options, and distractors. Adhering to these guidelines helps ensure items are valid and reliable measures of student learning.
This document discusses guidelines for constructing various assessment tools, including true-false tests, multiple choice tests, matching tests, and essays. For true-false tests, it provides tips like avoiding absolute terms and trick questions. For multiple choice, it recommends making distractors plausible and consistent with the stem. Matching tests involve matching items in two columns; guidelines include using capital letters and ensuring fewer responses than premises. When constructing essays, the document advises providing clear directions and criteria for grading.
The document provides guidelines for constructing different types of multiple choice and other objective test items. It discusses tables of specifications, item selection, and guidelines for writing true/false, matching, short answer, and multiple choice questions. Key points include ensuring items test significant course content, avoiding tricks and ambiguity, maintaining consistency between item parts, using plausible distractors, and not giving clues to the correct answer. The document emphasizes writing items that reliably measure student learning rather than other factors like reading ability.
This file presents the different objective types of tests, their advantages and disadvantages, and the guidelines on how to construct these tests properly.
Item writing involves 8 key steps: 1) defining what is to be measured, 2) generating an item pool, 3) avoiding long items, 4) considering reading level, 5) avoiding double-barreled items, 6) mixing positively and negatively worded items, 7) considering cultural sensitivity, and 8) realizing items become obsolete. There are several item formats including dichotomous (true/false), polytomous (multiple choice), Likert scales, category scales, checklists, and Q-sorts. Each format has advantages and disadvantages for assessing different traits like knowledge, attitudes, or personalities. Careful item writing following best practices can help ensure accurate assessment of test takers.
Assessment of learning focuses on developing and using assessment tools to improve the teaching and learning process. It emphasizes using tests to measure knowledge and thinking skills. There are various types of tests classified according to response method, preparation method, or answer type, such as subjective/essay tests and objective tests. Proper test construction involves determining objectives, developing test items, and establishing validity and reliability. Statistical measures like frequency distributions are used to interpret test scores.
It discuss about what is test and types of test items. Types of items - 1. Objective types a) A) True – false items (Alternate response type B) b) Multiple choice Test Items (Changing Alternative type) C) c) Matching Type Test Item D) d) Simple Recall Type Test Items E) e) Completion Type Test Item 2) Short answer 3) Details answer. It also discuss about advantages and disadvantages of objective type, short answer and details answer.
This document discusses different types of tests used to assess student learning, including essay tests, objective tests, and matching tests. Essay tests require students to write longer responses to demonstrate their understanding. Objective tests include multiple choice, true/false, and identification questions that can be scored objectively. Matching tests assess a student's ability to link related items, such as terms and definitions. The document provides guidelines for writing different types of test questions and considerations for ensuring the questions are clear, concise, and accurately measure the intended learning outcomes.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
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In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
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Chapter 6: Writing Objective Test Items
1. Graduate School
EDUC 243 – Educational Evaluation
2nd Semester
School Year 2016-2017
Narrative Report
Chapter 6: Writing Objective Test Items
1) What is an objective test items?
2) Examples of an objective test items
a) True or False
Advantages & Disadvantages
Suggestions for writing true or false test items
b) Matching Type
Advantages & Disadvantages
Suggestions for writing matching type test items
c) Multiple Choice
Advantages & Disadvantages
Suggestions for writing multiple choice test items
d) Completion Test
Advantages & Disadvantages
Suggestions for writing completion test items
3) Guidelines for writing test items
Submitted to:
DR. JAMES L. PAGLINAWAN
Professor
Submitted by:
SHELAMIE M. SANTILLAN
EDUC 243 Student
2. Writing Objective Test Items 2nd Sem. S.Y. 2016-2017
SHELAMIE M. SANTILLAN – MAED Student 2
What is an objective test?
measure both your ability to remember facts and figures and your
understanding of course materials.
What are the examples of an objective test items?
1) True or False
2) Matching Type
3) Multiple Choice
4) Completion Test
What is true or false test items?
are quick & easy to write ,…but good true-false items are not that easy to write.
consider the following true-false items.
SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING TRUE OR FALSE TEST ITEMS:
1. True or false test should be clearly explained before students begin the test.
Example:
Directions: Read each of the following statements. If the statement is true,
underline the word True. If the statement is false, underline the word False.
True False 1.The green coloring material of the
plant leaf is called chlorophyll.
True False 2. Petal and sepal are two
synonymous word.
2. Construct statements that are definitely true or definitely false, w/o additional qualifications.
This will avoid students from being confused because of wrong usage of words.
Example of POOR Statement:
The vice-president of the Phils. is elected to that province only. True/False?
The vice-president of the Phils. is elected nationwide. True/False?
3. Use relatively short statements. The shorter the statements are, the better the understanding
will be done.
Example of POOR statement:
a. Aristotle thought that a falling object’s acceleration & speed depended on its
mass. While Galileo disagreed & said that all objects fall w/ the same
acceleration regardless of their weight/mass. TRUE/FALSE? (Poor)
b. Aristotle’s view of science differs from Galileo’s. TRUE/FALSE? (Better)
4. Keep true & false statements approximately the same length. Some statements have tendencies
to be longer to be absolutely true & false.
3. Writing Objective Test Items 2nd Sem. S.Y. 2016-2017
SHELAMIE M. SANTILLAN – MAED Student 3
5. Avoid using double- negative statements.
6. Avoid the following:
a. Verbal clues, absolutes, & complex sentences.
b. broad general statements, usually not true/false w/o clarification
c. Terms denoting indefinite degree (e.g., large, long time, regularly), absolutes
(e.g., never, only, always)
d. Placing items in systematic order (e.g., TTFF, TFTF, & so on);
e. taking statements directly from the text & presenting them out of context.
ADVANTAGES OF TRUE-FALSE ITEMS:
1. Because T-F questions tend to be short, more material can be covered than with
any other item format. Thus, T-F items tend to be used when a great deal of
content has been covered.
2. T-F questions take less time to construct, but avoid taking statements directly
from the text and modifying them slightly to create an item.
3. Scoring is easier with T-F items, but avoid having students write “true” or ‘false”
or a “T” or “F”. Instead, have them circle “T” or “F” provided for each item.
DISADVANTAGES OF TRUE-FALSE ITEMS:
1. Although sometimes complex questions can be asked using T-F items.
2. T-F questions presume that the answer to the question or issue is unequivocally
true or false. It would be unfair to ask student to guess at the teacher/s criteria for
evaluating the truth or statement.
3. T-F questions allow for and sometimes encourage a high degree of guessing.
Generally, longer examinations are needed to compensate for this.
Matching Type
Consist of a column of key words on the left side of the page
Column of options on the right side of the page
Where students are required to match the options associated w/a given key
word/s
Keywords:
Column A Column B
Premises Responses
_____1. Person who provides schooling for children A. Facilitator
_____2. Person who enables a group to find a solution B. Tutor
_____3. Persons who instructs adults in a classroom. C. Trainer
D. Teacher
Faulty problem of the matching item:
Homogeneity
4. Writing Objective Test Items 2nd Sem. S.Y. 2016-2017
SHELAMIE M. SANTILLAN – MAED Student 4
Order of Lists
Easy Guessing
Poor Directions
Too Many Correct Responses
Ambiguous Lists
SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING MATCHING ITEMS:
1. Keep questions & options short & homogeneous. This is the most violated tip.
Homogeneity is a matter of degree and what is homogeneous to one group may
be heterogeneous to another.
2. Make sure that all the options are plausible (believable) distractors for each
description to ensure homogeneity of lists.
3. Use longer phrases as questions 7 shorter phrases as options. Longer
premises are really helpful because it explains the statement while shorter
premises make the answer in an objective mode.
4. Keep questions & options short & homogeneous. This is the most violated tip.
Homogeneity is a matter of degree and what is homogeneous to one group may
be heterogeneous to another.
5. Make sure that all the options are plausible (believable) distractors for each
description to ensure homogeneity of lists.
6. Use longer phrases as questions 7 shorter phrases as options. Longer
premises are really helpful because it explains the statement while shorter
premises make the answer in an objective mode.
ADVANTAGES OF MATCHING ITEMS:
1. Matching Type items are usually simple to construct and score.
2. Matching Type items are usually suited to measure associations between facts.
3. Matching questions can be more efficient than Multiple Choice questions because
they avoid repetition of options in measuring of associations.
4. Matching questions reduce the effects of guessing
DISADVANTAGES OF MATCHING ITEMS:
1. Matching questions tend to ask students trivial information.
2. They emphasize memorization.
3. Most commercial answer sheets can accommodate no more than five options,
thus limiting the size of any particular matching item.
Multiple Choice
5. Writing Objective Test Items 2nd Sem. S.Y. 2016-2017
SHELAMIE M. SANTILLAN – MAED Student 5
Used to measure knowledge outcomes & other types of learning outcomes.
Student choose one answer from a number of choices supplied.
Most commonly used format in measuring student achievements in different
levels of learning.
Multiple choice question is consists of :
Stem – text of the question
Options – choices provided after the stem
The key – correct answer in the list of options
Distracters – incorrect answers in the list of options
Http://Theelearningcoach.Com/Elearning_design/
Rules-for-multiple-choice-questions/
SUGGESTION FOR WRITING MULTIPLE CHOICE:
1. Include as much of the item possible, keeping the response options as short as
possible. However, include only the material needed to make the problem clear
and specific. Be concise – don’t add extraneous information.
2. Be sure that there is one and only one correct or clearly best answer.
3. Eliminate unintentional grammatical clues, and keep length and form of all the
answer choices equal. Rotate the position of the correct answer from item to item
correctly.
4. In most cases it is more important for the student to know what a specific item of
information is rather than what it is not.
5. Include from 3-5 options (2-4 distractors plus one correct answer) to optimize
testing for knowledge rather than encouraging guessing. It is not necessary to
provide additional distractors for an item simply to maintain the same number of
6. Writing Objective Test Items 2nd Sem. S.Y. 2016-2017
SHELAMIE M. SANTILLAN – MAED Student 6
distractors for each item. This usually leads to poorly constructed distractors that
add nothing to test validity and reliability.
6. To increase the difficulty of a multiple-choice item, increase the similarity of
content among the options.
7. Use the option “none of the above” sparingly and only when the keyed answer
can be classified unequivocally as right or wrong. Don’t use this option when
asking for a best answer.
8. Avoid using “all of the above”. It is usually the correct answer and makes the
item too easy for the students with partial information.
ADVANTAGES OF THE MULTIPLE CHOICE ITEM:
1. M-C questions have considerable versatility in measuring objectives from the
knowledge to the evaluation level.
2. Since writing is minimized, a substantial amount of course material can be
sampled in a relatively short time.
3. Scoring is highly objective, requiring only a count of the number of correct
responses.
4. M-C items can be written so that students must discriminate among options that
vary in degree of correctness. This allows students to select the best alternative
and avoids the absolute judgments found in true-false items.
5. Since there are multiple options, effects of guessing are reduced.
6. M-C items are amenable to item analysis, which permits a determination of which
items are ambiguous or too difficult.
DISADVANTAGES OF THE MULTIPLE CHOICE ITEM:
1. Can be time consuming to write
2. If not carefully written, M-C questions can sometimes have more than one
defensible correct answer.
Completion Test
7. Writing Objective Test Items 2nd Sem. S.Y. 2016-2017
SHELAMIE M. SANTILLAN – MAED Student 7
An objective type of test that includes series of sentences which certain important words of
phrase has been omitted for the pupils to fill in a sentence may contain one or more blanks and
the sentences may be disconnected or organized into a paragraph. Each blank counts one
point.
SUGGESTION FOR WRITING COMPLETION TEST:
1. If at all possible, items should require a single-word answer, or a brief and definite
statement. Avoid statements that are so indefinite that they may be logically answered
by several items.
POOR ITEM: World War II ended in ______.
BETTER ITEM: World War II ended in the year _____.
2. Be sure the question or statement poses a problem to the examinee. A direct
question is often more desirable than an incomplete statement (it provides more
structure.)
3. Be sure the answer that the student is required to produce is factually correct. Be
sure the language used in the question is precise and accurate in relation to the subject
matter area being tested.
4. Omit only key words; don’t eliminate so many elements that the sense of the content
is impaired:
POOR ITEM: The ____ type of test items is usually more ____ than the _____type.
BETTER ITEM: The supply type of test item is usually graded less objectively than the
_____ type.
5. Word the statement such that the blank is near at the end of the sentence rather than
near the beginning. This will prevent awkward sentences.
6. If the problem requires a numerical answer, indicate the units in which it is to be
expressed.
ADVANTAGES OF THE COMPLETION TEST:
1. Construction of a completion question is relatively easy.
2. Guessing is eliminated since the question requires recall.
3. Completion questions take less time to complete than multiple-choice items, so
greater amounts of content can be covered.
DISADVANTAGES OF THE COMPLETION TEST:
1. Completion questions usually encourage a relatively low level of response
complexity.
2. The responses can be difficult to score since the stem must be general enough
so as not to communicate the correct answer. This can unintentionally lead more
than one defensible answer.
8. Writing Objective Test Items 2nd Sem. S.Y. 2016-2017
SHELAMIE M. SANTILLAN – MAED Student 8
3. The restriction of an answer to a few words tends to measure the recall of
specific facts, names, places, events as opposed to more complex behaviors.
GUIDELINES FOR WRITING TEST ITEMS
1. Begin writing items far enough in advance that you will have time to revise it.
2. Match items to intended outcomes at the proper difficulty level to provide a valid
measure of instructional objectives. Limit the question to the skill being assessed.
3. Be sure each item deals with an important aspect of the content area and not
with the trivia.
4. Be sure that the problem posed is clear and unambiguous.
5. Be sure that each item is independent of all other items. The answer to one item
should not be required as a condition for answering the next item. A hint to one
answer should not be embedded in another item.
6. Be sure the item has correct or best answer on which experts would agree.
7. Prevent unintended clues to the answer in the statement or question.
Grammatical inconsistencies such as a or an give clues to the correct answer to
those students who are not well prepared for the test.
8. Avoid replication of the textbook in writing test items, don’t quote directly from
textual materials. You’re usually not interested in how well the student
memorized the text. Besides, taken out of context, direct quotes from the text are
often ambiguous.
9. Avoid trick or catch questions in an achievement test. Don’t