Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
Greece
1.
2. Greek world was first mapped by the geographers from the colony of Miletus in
Asia Minor, Anaximander and Hecataeus
3. Herodotus
Wrote the Histories in 5th Century BCE
A map was created based on the descriptions of Herodotus
Herodotus’ world was centred on the Mediterranean, bordered by the
continents of Europa, Libya (Africa), and Asia
4. Nature of the Physical World
Science
1. Thales – 625BC – 545BC – Greek colony in
Asia Minor – first known philosopher –
everything from water – single basic
substance
2. Anaximander – 610-546 BC – all created
things are limited – that which comes
before and after must be “boundless” - basic
stuff could not be as ordinary as water
3. Anaximenes – 570-526 BC – source of all
things must be air or vapour
The Inquiring Man:
PRE-SOCRATICS AND SOPHISTS
4. Democritus-- 460-370 BC
“everything was built up of tiny
invisible blocks” (p. 43)
Each block was eternal and
immutable, not all the same –
different shapes and sizes
Called atoms, “un-cuttable” ,
unlimited
5. ATHENS:
“Cultural centre of the
Greek world.”
Focus changed from natural
philosophy to “the
individual and the
individual’s place in
society.”
Democracy evolved
Art of rhetoric – “saying
things in a convincing
manner.”
6. Sophist – “a wise and informed person”
“ man and his place in society”
“No absolute norms for what was right or
wrong.”
Protagoras (485-410 BC) “Man is the
measure of all things”
7. Socrates
470-399 BC
there are norms
wrote nothing down
greatest influence on western
thinking
taught in the city squares
known to us through Plato’s
writings
we must use our reason to grasp
“philosophical truths”
Feigned ignorance
“The unexamined life is not worth living”
9. Plato
428-347 BC
Pupil of Socrates
theory of ideas
“Earthly knowledge is but a Shadow.”
Myth of the cave – denies the reality of the
natural world (What we take in with our
senses is not real, but rather a poor copy of
it – we see only shadows – imprisoned by
our senses – the shadows are less real than
the actual; Should take in the world
intellectually; Ignorance is likened to
imprisonment)
We must become enlightened
Knowledge (Wisdom) most important
10. Aristotle
384-322 BC
student of Plato
“We are not studying in order to
Elemental theory – fire, water, wind, earth
Rejected Plato's “world of ideas”
Senses are important
Good character – ethics and morality
Women as inferior
Logic
Virtues most important
know what virtue is, but to
become good, for otherwise
there would be no profit in it.”
11. CYNICISM
-400 BCE
-Humans one with nature
-True happiness is in our attitude; not measurable by material
wealth
-Only need bare necessities
-People need not be concerned with health or other people’s
problems
STOICISM
-300 BCE
-Everything has a necessity, fate
-Nothing happens accidently
-Must endure suffering
-No use in complaining – related to own modern definition
-Negative feelings – bad judgment
12. MYSTICISM
-Cosmic spirit – “one with God”
EPICUREANISM (HEDONISM)
-300 BCE
-“garden philosophers”
-“Pleasure is the highest good.”
-Pleasure not just physical; includes friendship, art, self-control
-Live for the moment (carpe diem)
-Death is not a concern
-Today “epicurean” has negative connotation of living for pleasure
13. GREECE -"The Glory That Was
Greece"
• 9th- 3rd C. BC - Center Stage of Civilization
• 5th C. BC - Peak of Civilization
• had no unified government
• city states (Athens & Sparta)
• 1821- independence
• 1973 -Republic
15. MINOANS
Pioneers of exploration in the Mediterranean
Sea.
Crete: Ideally situated as a trading center, was
linked with Egypt, Cyprus, and eastern and
Western Mediterranean
16.
17. MYCENAEANS
Were developing as Minoan Crete dominated
the Mediterranean
Inherited the Minoan trading interests after
the collapse of Crete around 1450 BCE, but
was also overthrown after 300 years
Characteristics of Greek Civilization:
1. Placed great focus on the importance
of the individual, rather than only the
state
2. Intensely curious about the world
that they lived in, and were the first to
create the science of Geography
18. Some Greek Colonies:
1. Countries around the edge of the Black Sea
2. African shore: LIBYA
3. Italian coasts: Sicily, Naples
4. France -Marseilles
5. Spain –Cadiz
• ACROPOLIS -high city
• AGORA -public square
19. 4 Important City -States:
• 1. Corinth
• 2. Sparta
• 3. Athens
• 4. Thebes
20. ATHENS - "ATHENA"
• Refinement and cultured
• Educated community
• Democratic way of life
• State must exist for the individuals and not the
individuals for the state.
22. 3 Classes of Society:
• 1. Upper class
• 2. Free citizens
• 3. Slaves
23. • AGE OF PERICLES (495 -429 BC)
• ARCHONS (rulers)
• COUNCIL OF AREOPHAGUS (council of
elders)
1. DRACO- 621 BC -Draconian Code of Law
2. SOLON -590 BC –reformed
24. SPARTA
• Culture as frivolous
• Neglected arts
• War dominated their thinking
25. Where the Spartan theater used to be. (this is of what was left of
ancient Sparta.)
26. 3 Classes of Society
• I. Upper Class
• 2. PERIOIKOI or PERIOCI -"dwellers
around"
• 3. HELOTS
• LYCURGUS (maker of Spartan Constitution)
• EPHORS (sub-rulers)
