Electric Energy

Electrical Energy What is it? How does it work? Where does it come from?

Electricity
Electricity is the movement of charged particles from one place to another.
In what ways do you use electric energy?

Charged Particles
Two types of charged atoms (ions)
Cations : positive (+) missing electrons
Anions : negative (-) has extra electrons
Ions exert forces on one another
Wool cap (hair stands up)
Socks in dryer (stick together)
Lightning strikes (splits/burns a tree)
Like particles REPEL each other
Opposite charges ATTRACT each other
+ + - +

Electrical Forces
The amount of electric force:
directly relates to the magnitude of the charges
inversely relates to the distance between two objects
As the number of ions in an object increases ... ...the electrical force between those objects increases . As the distance increases ... ...the electrical force decreases . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Electric Fields
Electric fields are areas in which forces are exerted around an electrical charge.
they are always perpendicular to the object's surface
positive (+) ions exert forces outward
negative (-) ions exert forces inward

Static Electricity
Some atoms hold their electrons more tightly than others.
When materials touch, loosely-held electrons can be transferred.
An accumulation of charges will then exert a force on other nearby objects.

Induction
This process is called induction
Electrons are rearranged when a negative field repels the electrons of the nearby object
When electrons move away, an "induced" positive electric field results
A strong enough charge in one object can create an electric field nearby in an otherwise neutral object.
PhET App

Electrostatic Discharge
A shock from static electricity involves a momentary discharge of electric energy
Caused by an accumulation of - charges (electrons)
NOT a flow or constant movement of electric energy
Sometimes visible as an arc of electricity
Only occur between good conductors

Electrical Conduction
Conductors
Allow electrons to move along their surface
Most metals (copper, aluminum, iron, etc.)
Water is also a good conductor
Your body is made of 50 - 70% water, so YOU are a pretty good conductor of electricity

Electrical Insulation
Insulators
hold their electrons tightly in place
don't allow electrons to move/flow
Most types of gas (including air)
plastic, wood, glass, ceramic

Electrostatic Shock
Electric arcs can be dangerous!
Startling and painful
Can ignite fires
Damage electronic equipment
humidity reduces static
devices can help eliminate

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Electric Energy

by Heartlife Science on Jan 15, 2012

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