This document provides instructions for using TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) therapy. It explains that TENS works by using electrical pulses from electrodes placed on the skin to block pain signals to the brain. It can be used to treat many types of pain and has few side effects. The document provides guidance on electrode placement, settings for different modes of TENS treatment, and cautions for safe usage.
TENS, or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, is a non-invasive method of pain relief using a device that sends electrical pulses to nerves under the skin via electrodes. There are four parameters that can be adjusted: pulse shape, pulse width, frequency, and intensity. TENS is commonly used to treat both acute and chronic pain conditions like back pain, arthritis, and sports injuries. Electrodes are placed on or near painful areas or trigger points and treatment sessions typically last less than 40 minutes daily. High and low TENS frequencies have different common parameter settings. Precautions are taken to avoid electrolyte reactions or use of TENS on certain body areas or for people with medical contraindications.
This document discusses interrupted direct current (IDC), which describes continuous unidirectional current that is interrupted to create pulses of varying duration, shape, or frequency. There are two main types of IDC pulses: rectangular wave pulses and accommodation pulses. Rectangular pulses have sudden rises and falls, while accommodation pulses gradually rise and fall in shapes like triangular, trapezoid, or sawtooth. IDC can stimulate nerves and muscles. Short pulses preferentially stimulate nerves, while longer pulses are needed to stimulate muscles at tolerable intensities. The document discusses electrotonus effects from IDC and considerations for selecting appropriate pulse durations and intensities. It concludes with indications for using electrical stimulation to produce muscle contraction without excessive fatigue.
Contrast bath therapy involves soaking an injured area in alternating hot and cold water baths to increase blood flow and decrease joint stiffness. The temperature changes from hot to cold and back again produce a "pumping effect" that helps remove swelling through improved venous and lymphatic drainage. A full contrast bath treatment consists of soaking in warm water for 10 minutes, cold water for 1 minute, repeated three times, ending with warm water. Contrast baths can help relieve pain, stiffness and swelling through induced vasodilation and vasoconstriction of blood vessels.
Electrotherapy uses electrical stimulation for therapeutic purposes and involves applying electromagnetic energy to produce physiological effects in the body. It has a long history dating back to Roman physicians in 47 AD using electric fish to treat gout. Electrotherapy includes modalities like TENS, interferential therapy, microcurrent therapy, laser therapy, and others and can be classified in various ways such as by frequency, application area, or heat transfer method. It works through mechanisms like stimulating nerves or forcing membranes to change behavior.
Shockwave therapy involves using pressurized acoustic shockwaves to treat musculoskeletal conditions. There are two main types - focused shockwaves concentrate energy at a target depth while radial shockwaves disperse energy over a wider area. The shockwaves cause mechanical deformation and possible damage of cells through cavitation. This stimulates tissue healing through inflammation. Evidence supports shockwave for chronic tendinopathies like lateral elbow and Achilles tendon. Contraindications include active infection or bone growth areas.
Thermotherapy involves the therapeutic application of heat and is used primarily to control pain, increase circulation, increase soft tissue extensibility, and accelerate healing in rehabilitation. Heat can be applied superficially using modalities like hot packs, or deeply using modalities like shortwave diathermy. Heat causes vasodilation, increasing blood flow and the delivery of nutrients while removing waste, and reducing pain. It also increases tissue temperature, extensibility, and range of motion. Precautions must be taken with certain conditions like recent bleeding, impaired sensation, pregnancy, or open wounds. Excessive or prolonged heat can cause burns.
The document discusses interrupted direct current (IDC), describing its characteristics such as pulse duration, interphase, on and off times, and effects when used to stimulate nerves and muscles, causing contractions; it also provides examples of using IDC to treat facial nerve damage by reeducating muscles to improve expression.
Laser therapy involves using concentrated light from lasers to treat various medical conditions. Key points:
- Lasers emit coherent, monochromatic light that can be used for both therapeutic and surgical purposes.
- Low-level lasers are used therapeutically to reduce pain and inflammation and promote tissue healing through photobiomodulation.
- The physiological effects of low-level laser therapy include reducing pain by increasing endorphins and serotonin, reducing inflammation by enhancing ATP and stabilizing cell membranes, and promoting tissue healing by increasing macrophage and fibroblast activity.
- Common indications are dermatological disorders, musculoskeletal pain, and neurogenic pain. Lasers are classified based on power output and safety, with classes 1
TENS, or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, is a non-invasive method of pain relief using a device that sends electrical pulses to nerves under the skin via electrodes. There are four parameters that can be adjusted: pulse shape, pulse width, frequency, and intensity. TENS is commonly used to treat both acute and chronic pain conditions like back pain, arthritis, and sports injuries. Electrodes are placed on or near painful areas or trigger points and treatment sessions typically last less than 40 minutes daily. High and low TENS frequencies have different common parameter settings. Precautions are taken to avoid electrolyte reactions or use of TENS on certain body areas or for people with medical contraindications.
This document discusses interrupted direct current (IDC), which describes continuous unidirectional current that is interrupted to create pulses of varying duration, shape, or frequency. There are two main types of IDC pulses: rectangular wave pulses and accommodation pulses. Rectangular pulses have sudden rises and falls, while accommodation pulses gradually rise and fall in shapes like triangular, trapezoid, or sawtooth. IDC can stimulate nerves and muscles. Short pulses preferentially stimulate nerves, while longer pulses are needed to stimulate muscles at tolerable intensities. The document discusses electrotonus effects from IDC and considerations for selecting appropriate pulse durations and intensities. It concludes with indications for using electrical stimulation to produce muscle contraction without excessive fatigue.
Contrast bath therapy involves soaking an injured area in alternating hot and cold water baths to increase blood flow and decrease joint stiffness. The temperature changes from hot to cold and back again produce a "pumping effect" that helps remove swelling through improved venous and lymphatic drainage. A full contrast bath treatment consists of soaking in warm water for 10 minutes, cold water for 1 minute, repeated three times, ending with warm water. Contrast baths can help relieve pain, stiffness and swelling through induced vasodilation and vasoconstriction of blood vessels.
Electrotherapy uses electrical stimulation for therapeutic purposes and involves applying electromagnetic energy to produce physiological effects in the body. It has a long history dating back to Roman physicians in 47 AD using electric fish to treat gout. Electrotherapy includes modalities like TENS, interferential therapy, microcurrent therapy, laser therapy, and others and can be classified in various ways such as by frequency, application area, or heat transfer method. It works through mechanisms like stimulating nerves or forcing membranes to change behavior.
Shockwave therapy involves using pressurized acoustic shockwaves to treat musculoskeletal conditions. There are two main types - focused shockwaves concentrate energy at a target depth while radial shockwaves disperse energy over a wider area. The shockwaves cause mechanical deformation and possible damage of cells through cavitation. This stimulates tissue healing through inflammation. Evidence supports shockwave for chronic tendinopathies like lateral elbow and Achilles tendon. Contraindications include active infection or bone growth areas.
Thermotherapy involves the therapeutic application of heat and is used primarily to control pain, increase circulation, increase soft tissue extensibility, and accelerate healing in rehabilitation. Heat can be applied superficially using modalities like hot packs, or deeply using modalities like shortwave diathermy. Heat causes vasodilation, increasing blood flow and the delivery of nutrients while removing waste, and reducing pain. It also increases tissue temperature, extensibility, and range of motion. Precautions must be taken with certain conditions like recent bleeding, impaired sensation, pregnancy, or open wounds. Excessive or prolonged heat can cause burns.
The document discusses interrupted direct current (IDC), describing its characteristics such as pulse duration, interphase, on and off times, and effects when used to stimulate nerves and muscles, causing contractions; it also provides examples of using IDC to treat facial nerve damage by reeducating muscles to improve expression.
Laser therapy involves using concentrated light from lasers to treat various medical conditions. Key points:
- Lasers emit coherent, monochromatic light that can be used for both therapeutic and surgical purposes.
- Low-level lasers are used therapeutically to reduce pain and inflammation and promote tissue healing through photobiomodulation.
- The physiological effects of low-level laser therapy include reducing pain by increasing endorphins and serotonin, reducing inflammation by enhancing ATP and stabilizing cell membranes, and promoting tissue healing by increasing macrophage and fibroblast activity.
- Common indications are dermatological disorders, musculoskeletal pain, and neurogenic pain. Lasers are classified based on power output and safety, with classes 1
This document discusses laser therapy, including its production, types, effects, applications, and techniques. It begins by defining laser as light amplified by stimulated emission of radiation. It then describes the key properties of lasers as monochromaticity, coherence, and collimation. It discusses the different types of lasers based on lasing medium (ruby, HeNe, diode) and intensity (high power, low power). The physiological and therapeutic effects of lasers are outlined, including effects on wound healing, pain relief, and inflammation. Applications such as wound healing and reducing pain and inflammation are indicated. The document concludes by describing techniques for laser application and important parameters like wavelength, energy density, and dosage.
The high voltage pulsed galvanic stimulator (HVPGS) delivers a high voltage, low amperage, short duration electrical current as a twin-peak monophasic waveform up to 300 volts to produce both mechanical muscle contractions and chemical changes in the body. It has been used clinically for over 45 years to treat various musculoskeletal conditions through analgesia, muscle stimulation, and wound healing. The high voltage allows for deep tissue penetration without risk of tissue damage due to its low total current. Typical treatments last 30-40 minutes, 3 times per day.
Combination therapy involves applying ultrasound and electrical stimulation simultaneously. It has several advantages, including reducing accommodation effects from interferential therapy, treating deeper lesions more effectively, and localizing ultrasound treatment. The mechanism is that ultrasound reduces the nerve membrane resting potential, bringing it closer to firing threshold, while electrical stimulation induces depolarization with a smaller current due to ultrasound potentiation. Diagnostic use specifies parameters like 0.5W/cm2 ultrasound at 1MHz with 100Hz interferential current. Therapeutic use follows individual modality doses tailored for each lesion.
Contrast bath therapy involves soaking an injured area in alternating hot and cold water baths to increase blood flow and decrease stiffness and pain. The physiological mechanism is that it induces vasodilation and vasoconstriction through changes in water temperature, pumping edema from the injured area. The procedure involves soaking in warm water for 10 minutes, cold water for 1 minute, repeating warm water for 4 minutes and cold water for 1 minute, ending in warm water for 4 minutes for a total time of 25 minutes. Contrast baths can treat injuries like sprains, strains and bruises by removing edema through changes in blood flow. Certain precautions should be taken for conditions like open wounds, pregnancy and impaired sensation.
This document provides an overview of basic electrotherapy concepts including:
- Ohm's law defines the relationship between current, voltage and resistance. Tissue impedance varies and depends on water content.
- Nerves become hyperpolarized under the anode and more excitable under the cathode. An action potential occurs during depolarization and is followed by absolute and relative refractory periods.
- Direct current is unidirectional while alternating current changes direction. Pulsed current can be unidirectional or bidirectional. Waveform shape impacts amplitude and duration. Current intensity and tissue response depends on amplitude, frequency, phase duration and waveform.
This document discusses interferential therapy (IFT), a type of electrical stimulation treatment. IFT involves applying two medium frequency currents to generate a low frequency interference current in the tissues for therapeutic effects. It provides pain relief and motor stimulation while avoiding skin irritation experienced with other currents. IFT is indicated for various painful conditions and edema and uses specific frequencies for different treatments, like 1-10Hz rhythmic mode for reducing swelling. Precautions include avoiding direct electrode contact and proper placement to ensure current passes through tissues as intended.
The Rebox device applies specific electric currents transcutaneously to treat pain, immobility, and musculoskeletal and neurological disorders. It works by restoring microcirculation, reducing inflammation, and improving blood and lymph flow. Treatment sessions last 5-10 minutes using different modes and electrode tips. Rebox is used for conditions like back pain, ankle sprains, and knee ligament injuries. Contraindications include open wounds, pregnancy, and use near pacemakers.
Therapeutic ultrasound uses high frequency sound waves to promote healing and reduce pain and swelling. Piezoelectric crystals, such as lead zirconate titanate, transform electrical energy into ultrasonic sound waves when alternating current is applied. Ultrasound is used to treat recent injuries, inflammation, scar tissue, edema, pain, dermal ulcers, and surgical incisions. Contraindications include malignant tumors, pregnancy, cardiac disease, and radiation therapy. Ultrasound treatment parameters include intensity, pulse mode, reflection, transmission, attenuation by tissue, ultrasonic fields, and coupling media.
Iontophoresis is a process of transdermal drug delivery by use of a voltage gradient on the skin. Molecules are transported across the stratum corneum by electrophoresis and electroosmosis and the electric field can also increase the permeability of the skin.
Sinusoidal current produces a sine wave alternating current of 50 Hz, giving 100 pulses per second with durations of 10ms each, alternating direction 50 times in each direction. It is produced from mains power by reducing the voltage to 60-80v using a step down transformer. When passed through the body, sinusoidal current causes changes in ion concentrations at cell membranes, producing muscle contraction in nerves and ionic movement in other tissues. It is commonly used to cause rhythmic muscle contractions and relieve pain and reduce swelling by alternately changing cell membrane permeability. Indications include pain and pain/swelling, while contraindications include skin lesions, infections, and impaired sensation.
Electrical stimulation involves using a medium-frequency current to stimulate nerves and muscles. Specifically, it uses a 2500 Hz sinusoidal alternating current delivered in bursts at 50 Hz intervals of 10 ms on and 10 ms off. This Russian current protocol of 10 seconds on, 50 seconds rest, repeated for 10 cycles over 10 minutes was found to be effective for generating muscle fatigue. The stimulation aims to synchronously depolarize sensory and motor fibers, activate fast motor units, and strengthen muscles through electrically evoked contractions against an external load.
This document discusses cold therapy (cryotherapy) for injuries. It describes how applying ice reduces tissue temperature, which causes blood vessels to constrict, reducing swelling and pain. Ice therapy is used to reduce pain, swelling, muscle spasms and promote healing after injuries. The document outlines the physiological effects of cold on blood flow, inflammation and nerve conduction. It provides contraindications for ice therapy and different techniques for application, such as ice towels, packs, immersion and spray.
Short wave diathermy (s.w.d) electro therapyÂbhìšhék Singh
Electrotherapy topic shot wave diathermy ppt (physics)
Bachelor of physiotherapy topic swd . Swd introduction, and range of swd , indications and contraindications of swd
Rebox electrotherapeutic method is based on non-invasive transcutaneous application of specific electric currents to a living tissue. Main indications for using the Rebox include treatment of acute and chronic pain, immobility, musculoskeletal and neurological disorders and oedema.
Diadynamic currents are also called Bernard's currents based on a sine wave with a frequency of 50Hz. Due to the ease of generation of this current shape, they have been known almost from the beginning of electrotherapy, and their influence on the human body has been thoroughly studied.
Microwave diathermy (MWD) uses electromagnetic radiation in the microwave frequency range to generate heat in tissue. MWD uses a magnetron to produce microwaves with frequencies commonly between 300 MHz to 300 GHz. These short wavelength microwaves generate strong electrical fields that cause heating through ionic movements and molecular distortion within tissues. MWD provides superficial heating that is more localized than shortwave diathermy and penetrates deeper than infrared radiation. Key uses of MWD include reducing pain, swelling and muscle spasm in inflammatory conditions like tendinitis as well as accelerating healing for injuries and infections.
Ultraviolet radiation covers a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum between visible light and X-rays. It is divided into UVA, UVB, and UVC based on wavelength. UV is produced by mercury vapor lamps and fluorescent lamps and can cause both immediate and long term effects on skin like erythema, pigmentation, vitamin D production, and skin cancer. The dosage of UV exposure depends on the lamp output, distance from the skin, exposure time, and individual skin sensitivity. UV therapy is used to treat conditions like psoriasis, acne, and eczema.
Co-ordination Exercise,Definitions,Nervous control,Motor pathway,Cerebral cortex,Kinesthetic sensation,Causes of Incoordination,Flaccidity
Spasticity ,Cerebellar ataxia,Loss of kinesthetic sensation,Types of coordination,Posterior column,Test for Incoordination.
This document provides an instruction manual for the InTENSity Select Combo TENS/EMS device. It includes safety information, a description of the device features, and instructions for use. The device provides 4 modes of electrotherapy stimulation: TENS for pain relief, EMS for muscle stimulation, IF for anti-inflammatory treatment, and microcurrent. The manual describes the medical background and principles of how each mode works. It provides indications for use of the device and important safety warnings and precautions. Technical specifications for each mode are also included, along with instructions for device operation, electrode placement, cleaning and maintenance.
This document is the instruction manual for the InTENSity Select Combo TENS/EMS device. It begins with safety information, including contraindications and warnings. It then provides background information on pain, how TENS, EMS, interferential, and microcurrent work to relieve pain and muscle issues. The manual describes the front panel, specifications, instructions for use such as applying electrodes and selecting modes. It concludes with sections on programming options, cleaning and care instructions, troubleshooting, storage, disposal and EMC information.
This document discusses laser therapy, including its production, types, effects, applications, and techniques. It begins by defining laser as light amplified by stimulated emission of radiation. It then describes the key properties of lasers as monochromaticity, coherence, and collimation. It discusses the different types of lasers based on lasing medium (ruby, HeNe, diode) and intensity (high power, low power). The physiological and therapeutic effects of lasers are outlined, including effects on wound healing, pain relief, and inflammation. Applications such as wound healing and reducing pain and inflammation are indicated. The document concludes by describing techniques for laser application and important parameters like wavelength, energy density, and dosage.
The high voltage pulsed galvanic stimulator (HVPGS) delivers a high voltage, low amperage, short duration electrical current as a twin-peak monophasic waveform up to 300 volts to produce both mechanical muscle contractions and chemical changes in the body. It has been used clinically for over 45 years to treat various musculoskeletal conditions through analgesia, muscle stimulation, and wound healing. The high voltage allows for deep tissue penetration without risk of tissue damage due to its low total current. Typical treatments last 30-40 minutes, 3 times per day.
Combination therapy involves applying ultrasound and electrical stimulation simultaneously. It has several advantages, including reducing accommodation effects from interferential therapy, treating deeper lesions more effectively, and localizing ultrasound treatment. The mechanism is that ultrasound reduces the nerve membrane resting potential, bringing it closer to firing threshold, while electrical stimulation induces depolarization with a smaller current due to ultrasound potentiation. Diagnostic use specifies parameters like 0.5W/cm2 ultrasound at 1MHz with 100Hz interferential current. Therapeutic use follows individual modality doses tailored for each lesion.
Contrast bath therapy involves soaking an injured area in alternating hot and cold water baths to increase blood flow and decrease stiffness and pain. The physiological mechanism is that it induces vasodilation and vasoconstriction through changes in water temperature, pumping edema from the injured area. The procedure involves soaking in warm water for 10 minutes, cold water for 1 minute, repeating warm water for 4 minutes and cold water for 1 minute, ending in warm water for 4 minutes for a total time of 25 minutes. Contrast baths can treat injuries like sprains, strains and bruises by removing edema through changes in blood flow. Certain precautions should be taken for conditions like open wounds, pregnancy and impaired sensation.
This document provides an overview of basic electrotherapy concepts including:
- Ohm's law defines the relationship between current, voltage and resistance. Tissue impedance varies and depends on water content.
- Nerves become hyperpolarized under the anode and more excitable under the cathode. An action potential occurs during depolarization and is followed by absolute and relative refractory periods.
- Direct current is unidirectional while alternating current changes direction. Pulsed current can be unidirectional or bidirectional. Waveform shape impacts amplitude and duration. Current intensity and tissue response depends on amplitude, frequency, phase duration and waveform.
This document discusses interferential therapy (IFT), a type of electrical stimulation treatment. IFT involves applying two medium frequency currents to generate a low frequency interference current in the tissues for therapeutic effects. It provides pain relief and motor stimulation while avoiding skin irritation experienced with other currents. IFT is indicated for various painful conditions and edema and uses specific frequencies for different treatments, like 1-10Hz rhythmic mode for reducing swelling. Precautions include avoiding direct electrode contact and proper placement to ensure current passes through tissues as intended.
The Rebox device applies specific electric currents transcutaneously to treat pain, immobility, and musculoskeletal and neurological disorders. It works by restoring microcirculation, reducing inflammation, and improving blood and lymph flow. Treatment sessions last 5-10 minutes using different modes and electrode tips. Rebox is used for conditions like back pain, ankle sprains, and knee ligament injuries. Contraindications include open wounds, pregnancy, and use near pacemakers.
Therapeutic ultrasound uses high frequency sound waves to promote healing and reduce pain and swelling. Piezoelectric crystals, such as lead zirconate titanate, transform electrical energy into ultrasonic sound waves when alternating current is applied. Ultrasound is used to treat recent injuries, inflammation, scar tissue, edema, pain, dermal ulcers, and surgical incisions. Contraindications include malignant tumors, pregnancy, cardiac disease, and radiation therapy. Ultrasound treatment parameters include intensity, pulse mode, reflection, transmission, attenuation by tissue, ultrasonic fields, and coupling media.
Iontophoresis is a process of transdermal drug delivery by use of a voltage gradient on the skin. Molecules are transported across the stratum corneum by electrophoresis and electroosmosis and the electric field can also increase the permeability of the skin.
Sinusoidal current produces a sine wave alternating current of 50 Hz, giving 100 pulses per second with durations of 10ms each, alternating direction 50 times in each direction. It is produced from mains power by reducing the voltage to 60-80v using a step down transformer. When passed through the body, sinusoidal current causes changes in ion concentrations at cell membranes, producing muscle contraction in nerves and ionic movement in other tissues. It is commonly used to cause rhythmic muscle contractions and relieve pain and reduce swelling by alternately changing cell membrane permeability. Indications include pain and pain/swelling, while contraindications include skin lesions, infections, and impaired sensation.
Electrical stimulation involves using a medium-frequency current to stimulate nerves and muscles. Specifically, it uses a 2500 Hz sinusoidal alternating current delivered in bursts at 50 Hz intervals of 10 ms on and 10 ms off. This Russian current protocol of 10 seconds on, 50 seconds rest, repeated for 10 cycles over 10 minutes was found to be effective for generating muscle fatigue. The stimulation aims to synchronously depolarize sensory and motor fibers, activate fast motor units, and strengthen muscles through electrically evoked contractions against an external load.
This document discusses cold therapy (cryotherapy) for injuries. It describes how applying ice reduces tissue temperature, which causes blood vessels to constrict, reducing swelling and pain. Ice therapy is used to reduce pain, swelling, muscle spasms and promote healing after injuries. The document outlines the physiological effects of cold on blood flow, inflammation and nerve conduction. It provides contraindications for ice therapy and different techniques for application, such as ice towels, packs, immersion and spray.
Short wave diathermy (s.w.d) electro therapyÂbhìšhék Singh
Electrotherapy topic shot wave diathermy ppt (physics)
Bachelor of physiotherapy topic swd . Swd introduction, and range of swd , indications and contraindications of swd
Rebox electrotherapeutic method is based on non-invasive transcutaneous application of specific electric currents to a living tissue. Main indications for using the Rebox include treatment of acute and chronic pain, immobility, musculoskeletal and neurological disorders and oedema.
Diadynamic currents are also called Bernard's currents based on a sine wave with a frequency of 50Hz. Due to the ease of generation of this current shape, they have been known almost from the beginning of electrotherapy, and their influence on the human body has been thoroughly studied.
Microwave diathermy (MWD) uses electromagnetic radiation in the microwave frequency range to generate heat in tissue. MWD uses a magnetron to produce microwaves with frequencies commonly between 300 MHz to 300 GHz. These short wavelength microwaves generate strong electrical fields that cause heating through ionic movements and molecular distortion within tissues. MWD provides superficial heating that is more localized than shortwave diathermy and penetrates deeper than infrared radiation. Key uses of MWD include reducing pain, swelling and muscle spasm in inflammatory conditions like tendinitis as well as accelerating healing for injuries and infections.
Ultraviolet radiation covers a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum between visible light and X-rays. It is divided into UVA, UVB, and UVC based on wavelength. UV is produced by mercury vapor lamps and fluorescent lamps and can cause both immediate and long term effects on skin like erythema, pigmentation, vitamin D production, and skin cancer. The dosage of UV exposure depends on the lamp output, distance from the skin, exposure time, and individual skin sensitivity. UV therapy is used to treat conditions like psoriasis, acne, and eczema.
Co-ordination Exercise,Definitions,Nervous control,Motor pathway,Cerebral cortex,Kinesthetic sensation,Causes of Incoordination,Flaccidity
Spasticity ,Cerebellar ataxia,Loss of kinesthetic sensation,Types of coordination,Posterior column,Test for Incoordination.
This document provides an instruction manual for the InTENSity Select Combo TENS/EMS device. It includes safety information, a description of the device features, and instructions for use. The device provides 4 modes of electrotherapy stimulation: TENS for pain relief, EMS for muscle stimulation, IF for anti-inflammatory treatment, and microcurrent. The manual describes the medical background and principles of how each mode works. It provides indications for use of the device and important safety warnings and precautions. Technical specifications for each mode are also included, along with instructions for device operation, electrode placement, cleaning and maintenance.
This document is the instruction manual for the InTENSity Select Combo TENS/EMS device. It begins with safety information, including contraindications and warnings. It then provides background information on pain, how TENS, EMS, interferential, and microcurrent work to relieve pain and muscle issues. The manual describes the front panel, specifications, instructions for use such as applying electrodes and selecting modes. It concludes with sections on programming options, cleaning and care instructions, troubleshooting, storage, disposal and EMC information.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-invasive method that uses mild electrical pulses to stimulate nerves and reduce pain. TENS devices deliver pulses through electrodes placed on the skin over painful areas. Studies show TENS can effectively reduce pain from conditions like arthritis, back pain, and menstrual cramps in 30-70% of patients. While not a cure, TENS provides drug-free pain relief and few side effects, making it a safe option to try for both acute and chronic pain.
The document discusses Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and its use for pain management. It provides details on:
- How TENS works according to the Gate Control Theory of pain, using electrical pulses to stimulate nerve fibers and inhibit pain signals.
- The different TENS settings and modes used for different types of pain relief, such as high vs low frequency TENS.
- Contraindications and safe application of TENS, including electrode placement and skin conditions.
- Guidelines for self-administration and maintenance of TENS units.
This document provides safety and instructional information for the InTENSity Twin Stim III TENS/EMS device. It includes indications for use of TENS to relieve pain and EMS to stimulate muscles. The manual describes how TENS and EMS work, contraindications, warnings, and instructions for use. Safety is a top priority, and users are advised to carefully read and follow all directions in the manual.
Working in a physical therapy office, I see a lot of back pain. Some days, it feels like that’s all we treat. Recently I looked at statistics to confirm what I was seeing is true. A recent study found that up to 84% of adults will have low back pain, 23% of those will develop chronic low back pain that lasts more than a month and 48% will have pain that lasts even longer.
The document discusses different types of waveform therapy devices and modalities. It describes the Pulse Wave Classic, Elite Pro, and Pro with Ultrasound devices, which provide TENS, EMS, interferential current, microcurrent, and ultrasound therapy. These modalities are used to reduce pain, improve circulation and muscle function for injuries, post-surgical recovery and more. The document provides details on how each modality works and its typical applications and benefits.
Electrical modalities use different forms of energy to penetrate tissues and provide relief from pain, swelling, and promote healing. Common modalities include TENS, which uses electrical stimulation to modulate pain, NMES which causes muscle contraction, and iontophoresis which delivers medication transdermally using low-level electrical currents. Occupational therapists are trained to appropriately apply modalities like these to address goals like pain management, increased range of motion, and wound or fracture healing as part of a client's occupational therapy program. Precautions and contraindications must be considered for safe application of each modality.
1. Thermotherapy such as heat and cold can cause rebound phenomena where continued application beyond 30-45 minutes causes tissue congestion due to reflex vascular constriction.
2. Cryokinetics combines cryotherapy with exercise to numb an area with ice and perform exercises when analgesia is experienced in a 4-5 minute window before pain returns.
3. Electrotherapy modalities like TENS, PENS, and interferential current therapy are used to reduce pain by blocking pain signal transmission or promoting endorphin release while electrical stimulation can strengthen muscles.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-invasive method of using low-voltage electrical currents to block pain signals from traveling along nerve pathways and stimulate the body's natural pain relievers. TENS units deliver electrical impulses through electrodes placed on the skin near areas of pain. The impulses can help reduce both acute and chronic pain conditions. While portable and easy to use at home, TENS only treats pain symptoms and may need to be combined with other long-term treatments.
This instruction manual provides safety and usage instructions for the InTENSity TM 10 TENS Stimulator. The 3-sentence summary is:
The manual describes the TENS device and its intended use for pain relief, outlines important safety information and contraindications, and provides step-by-step instructions on device operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting. Safety warnings include not using the device if pregnant or with implanted electronic devices, and precautions are given regarding proper electrode placement and stimulation levels. The document provides all relevant details for safely and effectively using the TENS device.
This document discusses pain management. It defines pain and describes the types of pain, including referred pain, visceral pain, acute pain and chronic pain. It also discusses factors that affect the perception of pain, such as age, fatigue, genes, and psychological factors. The document outlines the pathophysiology of pain, including nociceptors, the four phases of nociceptor activation, and the pathway of pain transmission. It also discusses theories of pain modulation, like the gate control theory. The final sections cover pain assessment, pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of pain, and sample nursing care plans.
1
to 150 pulses per second, 1 pps/step
at i o n s fo r I nte rfe re nti a I
Stimulation (lF) mode
1) The CareTecrM lV is a portable electrotherapy device with four modes - TENS, EMS, lnterferential, and Russian stimulation - to provide pain relief and muscle stimulation. It sends adjustable electric currents to targeted areas via electrodes.
2) The document provides detailed explanations of each stimulation mode and their therapeutic effects. TENS is for pain control, EMS for muscle injuries, lnterferential for anti-inflammation, and Russian for muscle strengthening.
This 3-sentence summary provides the high-level information about the CareTec IV Electrical Stimulator instruction manual:
The CareTec IV Electrical Stimulator instruction manual provides safety information and instructions for using the device, which features four therapeutic modes - TENS, EMS, Interferential, and Russian stimulation - to provide pain relief and muscle stimulation. The manual describes the device components, operating instructions, treatment indications, safety warnings and precautions for use. It also provides specifications for the device accessories, technical details, and parameters for each stimulation mode.
1
to 150 pulses per second, 1 pps/step
at i o n s fo r I nte rfe re nti a I
Stimulation (lF) mode
1) The CareTecrM lV is a portable electrotherapy device with four modes - TENS, EMS, lnterferential, and Russian stimulation - to provide pain relief and muscle stimulation. It sends adjustable electric currents to targeted areas via electrodes.
2) The document provides detailed explanations of each stimulation mode and their therapeutic effects. TENS is for pain control, EMS for muscle injuries, lnterferential for anti-inflammation, and Russian for muscle strengthening.
When treating a patient in physical therapy, time is precious. When working in a busy physical therapy clinic, space is precious. Sometimes or rather most of the time, it can feel like there is too little of both.
The document discusses Transcutaneous Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation (TENS) and pain management. It defines TENS as a method of electrical stimulation that aims to provide symptomatic pain relief by exciting sensory nerves and stimulating the pain gate mechanism and/or opioid system. It describes how TENS works by decreasing the conductivity and transmission of noxious impulses from small pain fibers. The document also discusses contraindications and precautions for TENS treatment.
The document discusses pain management, defining pain and describing its physiology and theories. It covers the nurse's role in pain assessment using tools like visual analogue scales. Pain management strategies discussed include both pharmacologic interventions like medications and non-pharmacologic methods such as heat/cold therapy, acupuncture, massage, relaxation techniques and placebo therapy. The goal of pain management is to utilize both medical and holistic approaches to reduce a patient's pain.
This document provides information on transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), interferential therapy (IFT), and paraffin wax bath therapy. It describes how each therapy works, including parameters and modes. It outlines indications and contraindications. For TENS, it discusses waveform, frequency, pulse width, amplitude and types (conventional, acupuncture-like, brief intense, burst mode). For IFT, it explains the interference of two medium frequencies. For paraffin wax bath, it describes the unit, application methods, and physiological effects of increased heat and circulation.
The document discusses pain management. It defines pain and describes its physiology and various theories related to pain. It discusses the nurse's role in assessing and managing pain using pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic strategies. Some non-pharmacologic strategies mentioned include heat/cold therapy, acupuncture, acupressure, massage, relaxation techniques and distraction. The goal of pain management is to reduce pain and increase the patient's comfort level.
How to Setup Default Value for a Field in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, we can set a default value for a field during the creation of a record for a model. We have many methods in odoo for setting a default value to the field.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
How to Manage Reception Report in Odoo 17Celine George
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Ems unit
1. STIM, TENS & TENS/EMS
INSTRUCTION BOOKLET
A Practical Guide to
TENS Therapy
2. 1) INTRODUCTION
Explanation of Pain
What is TENS
How Does TENS Work
What Can TENS be used for
How is TENS used
Electrode Positioning
Cautions & Contra-Indications
2) PROGRAMMES
3) PREPARING YOUR TENS
Neck
Back
Shoulder
Elbow
Arm, Hand and Wrist
Groin
Quadriceps
Knee & Ankle
Sciatic Pain
General Pain Treatment with BURST
Head
Phantom Pain
3) REFERENCES
2
INDEX
3. EXPLANATION OF PAIN
Pain is a warning system and the body’s method of
telling us that something is wrong. Pain is
important; without it abnormal conditions may go
undetected , causing damage or injury to vital parts
of our bodies. Even though pain is a necessary
warning signal of trauma or malfunction in the
body, nature may have gone too far in its design.
Aside from its value in diagnosis, long-lasting
persistent pain serves no useful purpose. Pain does
not begin until a coded message travels to the
brain where it is decoded, analysed, and then
reacted to. The pain message travels from the
injured area along the small nerves leading to the
spinal cord. Here the message is switched to
different nerves that travel up the spinal cord to the
brain. The pain message is then interpreted,
referred back and the pain is felt.
WHAT IS TENS?
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation is a
battery powered electrical unit which uses
electrodes placed onto the skin to deliver electrical
impulses to the nerve fibres which lie underneath
the skin surface. It is used to provide pain relief by
blocking pain signals to the brain via the spinal cord
and peripheral nervous system, and also stimulates
the production of endorphins, the body’s own pain
relieving mechanism. Usually the electrodes are
placed around the pain area or on acupressure
points.
Unlike medication, TENS does not produce side
effects such as nausea or drowsiness. It can be
administered while the client is going about
normal activity and is not addictive.
HOW DOES TENS WORK?
The TENs Machine can work in two ways but firstly
it is important to understand how the body feels
pain. Messages are sent from the brain to all areas
of the body and back again by the nerves, which
run from the brain down the spinal cord spreading
out to the trunk, arms and legs. If you touch
something hot a message will flash along the
nerves, up the spinal cord and into the brain. A
second message would immediately be sent back
to the same area telling you to move your hand
away. This process takes only a fraction of a
second.
TENs works by a method called pain gating where
the stimulation of the TENs machine blocks the
messages to the brain telling it the body is
experiencing pain. It also encourages the brain to
produce the bodies own natural painkilling
hormones known as endorphins.
ARE THERE ANY DANGERS OR
SIDE-EFFECTS WITH T.E.N.S.?
Remember, the current travels through the skin
between pairs of electrodes and only penetrates to
a depth of 1-2 inches (to the level of the underlying
nerve fibres). Such a small electrical current does
not pose any danger. However, if you have a
cardiac condition, a pacemaker
or are pregnant, consult your
doctor before using your TENS.
For any conditions requiring
electrode placement around
the neck or head a health care
professional should be consulted.
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TENS Therapy A Practical Guide
INTRODUCTION
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4. WHAT CAN TENS BE USED FOR?
TENS can be used to treat most types of pain where
the cause has been determined including:
Arthritis • Back Pain • Bruising
Calf Strain • Dead Leg • Fibrositis Finger
Pain • Headaches Migraines
Knee Pain • Lumbago Muscle
Stress • Neck Pain • Neuralgia
Osteo-arthritis • Period Pains
Post Herpatic Neuralgia
Pregnancy/Labour Pains
Rheumatism • Sciatica
Shoulder Pain • Sleeplessness
Spondylosis • Sports Injuries
Tennis Elbow • Tenosynovitis
Wrist Pain
HOW IS IT USED?
The Standard TENS treatment
(convention or high frequency
settings) is performed when the
Pulse Rate is set to 60 pulses
per second or more. The
sensation produced will be a steady buzzing or
tingling feeling between the electrodes. Because
the TENS signal is perceived as stronger than the
pain signal being produced by the body, it
effectively blocks the pain signal from travelling
along nerves to the brain. Most clients find that
high-frequency treatments produce the quickest
relief from pain, as well as providing several hours
of relief after the treatment.
Treatment duration - 30 - 60
minutes, or continuous if
required. Most modern units
are portable and can be
clipped to the belt while going
about normal activities.
Low-frequency or burst type of treatment is
produced when the Pulse Rate setting on the TENS
unit is set manually below 10 pulses per second (or
as with some units, at automatic burst mode. Low-
frequency treatments produce visible muscle
twitching often described as a tapping or pulsating
sensation. In reaction to this type of stimulation
the body releases endorphins (pain-killing
chemicals produced naturally in the body). These
endorphins act as a chemical nerve block to reduce
pain by interrupting the pain signals along the
nerves to the brain. Often this type of treatment
can take longer to be effective but the results last
longer.
nerves to the brain. Often this type of treatment
can take longer to be effective but the results last
longer.
POSITION OF THE ELECTRODES
Best results are achieved by placing the electrodes
directly over the pain site. With dual machines,
additional electrodes can be positioned to surround
the site. Electrodes can also be used to stimulate
traditional acupressure points if required.
HOW DO I KNOW IT’S TIME TO
REPLACE MY ELECTRODES?
It is very important that the self-adhesive
electrodes (pads) be replaced when they no longer
stick well or if you begin to
feel a “stinging” sensation on
your skin. The usual life-span
is approximately 3-6 weeks,
depending on skin type and
weather conditions—
humidity will effect how long they last.
4
INTRODUCTION
5. Although most of these pre-
gelled reusable electrodes are
considered hypoallergenic, in
some cases people with
sensitive skin may develop an
allergy to a particular type of electrode, just like
some people who are allergic to certain band-aids
or tapes. One solution is to change the electrode
and there are also products available to help act as
a skin “barrier” in these situations.
CAUTIONS
1. Read operation manual before use of TENS.
2. We emphasize that patient with an implanted
electronic device (for example, a pacemaker)
should not undergo TENS treatment without
first consulting a doctor. The same applies to
patients with any metallic implants.
3. If TENS therapy becomes ineffective or
unpleasant, stimulation should be
discontinued until its use is re-evaluated by
the physician or therapist.
4. Avoid adjusting controls while operating
machinery or vehicles.
5. Turn the T.E.N.S off before applying or
removing electrodes.
6. Series 3 T.E.N.S. devices have no AP/APG
protection. Do not use it in the presence of
explosive atmosphere and flammable
mixture.
WARNINGS
1. Caution should be used in applying TENS to
patients suspected of having heart disease.
Further clinical data is needed to show there
are no adverse results.
2. Electrical stimulation safety has not been
established during pregnancy. Do not use
TENS during pregnancy.
3. Do not place electrodes on the front of the
throat as spasm of the Laryngeal and
Pharyngeal muscle may occur. Do not
stimulate over the carotid nerve, particularly
with patients with known sinus reflex
sensitivity.
4. Care should be taken so that when operating
potentially dangerous machinery the
stimulator controls are not changed abruptly.
5. Cases of skin irritation at the electrode site
have been reported. Stimulation should be
stopped and electrodes removed until the
cause of the irritation can be determined.
6. Electrodes should not be placed over the eyes,
in the mouth, or internally.
7. Keep this device out of the reach of children.
5
TENS Therapy A Practical Guide
PLEASE NOTE!! Before using your TENS Machine, or for further information on
its operation. Please read the manufacturers instructions carefully.
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6. CONVENTIONAL
Suitable for pain relief. The Therapy consists of
short electrical pulses where the stimulation may
never be so strong that any muscle contractions
occur. Electrodes are usually placed on the nerve
paths around the pain site.
TENS stimulation can be used for pain therapy for
the following:
Muscle pain • arthralgia
tennis elbow • arthritis
osteoarthritis • gout
fibromyalgie • tenosynovitis
capal tunne hip • and back pain
muscle tension(myalgia)
sinusitis • neuritis etc.
MODULATION
Stimulation pulses vary for both pulse width and
stimulation current. The variation is random and
built up as: pulse width multiplied by stimulation
current being constant. This modulated TENS
prevents any habituation to a set pulse width and
has the following variables: frequency, pulse width
and treatment time.
Modulated TENS stimulation can be used for pain
therapy as mentioned for conventional mode.
However, for chronic conditions where long-term
treatment is required modulated TENS is
recommendable.
BURST
Stimulation form consisting of short series of pulses
with high frequency that are repeated with low
frequency. BURST stimulation is used for general
pain relief and stimulation must be so strong that
muscle contraction is perceived. In general terms
the electrode is placed on a large muscle near the
pain location. BURST has the following variables:
frequency, pulse width and treatment time.
The effect of the stimulation has to be strong to
achieve visible muscle movement; the muscle
tension will be affected an forced to movement. A
long-cycle pain relief is given with BURST
stimulation due to the fact that the body increases
its own production of the natural painkillers, the
endorphins.
BURST stimulation can be used for relief of
radiating pain such as...
Sciatic pain • back pain • scleroses
tinnitus • circulatory disturbances
whiplash etc.
6
PROGRAMMES/SETTINGS
7. 7
TENS Therapy A Practical Guide
PREPARING YOUR TENS
1. Retract the sliding lid. Insert
the battery and replace the lid.
2. Lift protective cover (1 and 2) and connect
the lead wires to the output channels on
the device.
3. Connect the lead wires to the electrodes.
4. Clean the skin. Remove the plastic cover
from the electrodes before attaching to
the skin. The electrodes must not touch
each other.
5. Switch on the TENS Machine by turning the
on/off button clockwise.
6. Choose programme and adjust the
stimulation level.
7. The stimulation automatically stops when
treatment time expires.
PREPARING YOUR TENS
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1 2 3
4 5
6 7
9. TENS Therapy A Practical Guide
9
1) Back pain & muscle insufficiency
If reinforcement of muscles is needed, use TENS on
both channels. In order to get the movements try
treatment for the stomach.
stomach (page 18)
2) Lower back pain & dysmenorrhoea
The area above Os Sacrum is a junction of the
sensory nerve pathway for the lower back and the
abdomen.
BACK
INDICATIONS:
• Back pain
• Scolisosis
• BWS syndrome
• Bilateral radiation
• Dysmenorrhoea
• Labour pain
• Slipped disk
ELECTRODES PLACEMENT - BACK
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1 2
10. SHOULDER
INDICATIONS:
• Rheumatism
• Subluxation
• Shoulder dislocation
• Shoulder sprain
• Arthritis
• Frozen shoulder
If the shoulder feels cold, B is particularly
beneficially as BURST stimulation increases the
blood circulation.
1) Shoulder Pain
2) Shoulder Subluxation
10
ELECTRODES PLACEMENT - SHOULDER
1
2
15. 15
TENS Therapy A Practical Guide
1) Knee pain
If the pain is located on the inner side of the leg,
use the electrode placement shown on the left
knee
2) Pain at the joint of the ankle
At lateral pain, place the electrode as on the right
ankle; left ankle shows the electrode placements
to threat medial pain
ELECTRODES PLACEMENT - KNEE & ANKLE
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2
1
16. SCIATIC PAIN
INDICATIONS:
• Sciatic pain
• Post-Herpetic neuralgia
of sciatic nerve
• Arthritic pain of sacrolliac joint
Channel A:
Negative electrode (black) placed posterior on the
upper thigh and positive electrode (red) below
poplitae crease.
Channel B:
Bilaterally at L5 - S1 level.
16
ELECTRODES PLACEMENT - SCIATIC PAIN
17. 17
GENERAL PAIN
TREATMENT
WITH BURST
INDICATIONS:
• General pain
• Tinnitus
• Raynaud’s phenomenon
• Fibromyalgie
• Circulatory disturbances
• Gout
• Cold hand etc.
HEAD
INDICATIONS:
• Trigeminus
• Sinusitis
• Frontal headache
ELECTRODES PLACEMENT - GENERAL PAIN & HEAD
TENS Therapy A Practical Guide
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18. 18
PHANTOM PAIN
Electrodes can be placed on painful trigger points,
correlated to peripheral nerves and spinal cord
segments that innervates the painful area. For
general pain management the BURST therapy as
shown at page 17 is recommended.
ELECTRODES PLACEMENT - PHANTOM PAIN
19. 19
TENS Therapy A Practical Guide
Walsh, D. (1997),
TENS: Clinical Applications & Related Theory, Churchill
Livingstone
Ellis, B. (1996),
A retrospective study of long term users of TNS, Br J
Therapy & Rehabilitation 3(2);88-93
Han, J. et al (1991),
Effect of low and high frequency TENS on Met-
enkephalin-Arg-phe and dynorphin A immunoreactivity
in human lumbar CSF Pain 47(3); 295-298
Garrison, D & Foreman, R. (1994),
Decreased activity of spontaneous & noxiously evoked
dorsal horn cells during TENS, pain 58(3);309-315
Walsh, D. & Baxter, D. (1996),
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation - A review
of experimental studies, Eur J Med Rehabil 6(2);42-50
http://www.electrotherapy.org/electro/
tens/tens.htm 31/01/2006
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
Roche, P. & Wright, A (1990), An investigation into the
value of TENS for arthritic pain. Physiotherapy Theory &
Practice 6; 25-33
Alves-Guerreiro, J., G. Noble, et al. (2201).
“The effect of three electrotherapeutic modalities upon
peripheral nerve conduction and mechanical pain
threshold.” Clinical Physiology 21(6):704-711.
Bodofsky, E. (2002).
“Treating carpal tunnel syndrome with lasers and TENS.”
Arch Phys Med Rehabil 83(12): 1806: author reply 1806-7.
Brosseau, L., s. Milne, et al. (2002). “Efficacy of the
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for the
treatment of chronic low back pain. “spine 27(6): 596-
603.
Carrol, E. N. and A. S. Badura (2001). “Focal intense
brief transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation for
treatment of radicular an postthoracotomy pain. “ Arch
Phys Med Rehabil 82(2): 262-4.
Chandran, P. and K. A. Sluka (2003).
“Development of opioid tolerance with repeated
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
administration.” Pain 102: 195-201.
Chesterton, L.S., P. Barlas, et al. (2002).
“Sensory stimulation (TENS): effects of parameter
manipulation on mechanical pain thresholds in healthy
human subjects. “Pain 99: 253-262.
Chesterton, L.S., N.E. Foster, et al (2003).
“Effects of TENS frequency, intensity and stimulation site
parameter manipulation on pressure pain thresholds in
healthy human subjects. “Pain 106(1-2): 73-80.
Cosmo, P., H. Svensson, et al. (2000).
“Effects of transcutaneous nerve stimulation on the
microcirculation in chronic leg ulcers. “Scand J Plast
Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 34(1): 61-4.
Johnson, M. I. (2000).
“THE clinical effectiveness of TENS in pain
management.” Critical Reviews in Physical and
Rehabilitation Medicine 12(2): 131-149.
Lone, A. R., Z. A. Wafai, et al. (2003).
“Analgesic efficacy oftranscutaneous electrical nerve
stimulation compared with Diclofenac Sodium in
osteoarthritis of the knee.”
Physiotherapy 89(8): 478-485.
http//www.electrotherapy.org/electro/tens/tens.htm
31/01/2006
Palmer, S.T., D. J. Martin, et al. (2004).
“Effects of electric stimulation on C and A delta fiber-
mediated thermal perception thresholds.” Arch Phys
Med Rehabil 85: 119-128.
Roche, P., H.-Y. Tan, et al. (2002).
“Modification of induced ischaemic pain by placebo
electrotherapy.” Physiotherapy Theory and Practice 18:
131-139.
Sherry, J.E., K. M. Oehrlein, et al. (2001).
“Effect of burst-mode transcutaneous electrical nerve
stimulation on peripheral vascular resistance.” Physical
Therapy 81(6): 1183-91.
Sluka, K.A. and D. Walsh (2003).
“Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: basic
science mechanisms and clinical effectiveness.” J Pain
4(3): 109-21.
Walsh, D. M., G. Noble, et al. (2000).
“Study of the effects of various transcutaneous electrical
nerve stimulation (TENS) parameters upon the RIII
nociceptive and H-reflexes in humans.” Clin Physiol
20(3): 191-9.
Wang, R. Y., R.C. Chan, et al (2000).
“Effects of thoraco-lumbar electric sensory stimulation
on knee extensor spasticity of persons who survived
cerebrovascular accident (CVA). “J Rehabil Res Dev
37(1): 73-9.
REFERENCES
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20. GRAPHIC SYMBOLS
1. Degree of Electrical Protection BF
2. Do not insert the plug into AC power supply socket
3. Direct Current (DC power source)
4. Timer
5. Low Battery
6. Increase Parameters
7. Decrease Parameters
8. Consult Instructions for use
9. Manufacturer
10. Serial Number
20
INSTRUCTIONS FOR ALL TENS MACHINES
MALFUNCTIONS
Should any malfunctions occur while using the EV-806 Digital TENS/EMS, check
- whether the parameters are set to the appropriate form of therapy.
Adjust the control correctly.
- whether the cable is correctly connected o the device. The cables should be
inserted completely onto the sockets.
- whether the LCD reveals the menu. If necessary, insert a new battery.
- for possible damage to the cable. Change the cable if any damage
is detected.
* If there is any other problem, please return the device to your distributor.
Do not try to repair a defective device.
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21
TENS Therapy A Practical Guide
INSTRUCTIONS FOR ALL TENS MACHINES
CONFORMITY TO SAFETY STANDARDS
The Physio-Med 3 Series Digital TENS/EMS devices are in compliance with
the EN 60601-1-2:2001 and EN 60601-1:1990+A1:1993+A2:1995+A13:1996
safety standards.
WARRANTY
All Physio Med TENS/EMS models carry a lifetime warranty from the date of
delivery. The warranty applies to the stimulator only and covers both parts
and labour relating thereto.
The warranty does not apply to damage resulting from failure to follow the
operating instructions, accidents, abuse, alteration or disassembly by
unauthorized personnel.
Manufacturer:
Everyway Medical Instruments Co., Ltd.
3FI., No.5, Lane 155, Sec. 3, Peishen Rd,
Shen Keng Hsiang,
222 Taipei Hsien, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Representative in the EU:
Physio-Med Services
Glossop Brook Business Park,
Surrey Street, Glossop,
Derbyshire, SK13 7AJ, England.
INFORMATION FOR DISTRIBUTOR:
Please contact the above mentioned manufacturer for technical support and
documentation when necessary.
The label attached to the back
of device contains important
information about this device-
model, supply voltage and
caution. Please do not remove.
22. 22
PHYSIO-MED SERIES 3 TENS/EMS COMBO
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
The technical specification details of Physio Med Series 3 Stim are as follows:
MECHANISM TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Channel Dual, isolated between channels
Pulse Amplitude Adjustable, 0-100 mA peak into 500 ohm load each channel.
Wave Form Asymmetrical Bi-Phasic Square Pulse
Voltage 0 to 50V (Load: 500 ohm)
Power source One 9 Volt Battery.
Size 10.1cm(L) x 6.1cm(W) x 2.45cm(H)
Weight 150 grams with battery.
Pulse Rate Adjustable, from 2 to 150 Hz, 1 Hz/step
Pulse Width Adjustable, from 50 to 300µS microseconds,10µS/step
On Time Adjustable, 2~90 seconds , 1 Sec./ step
Off Time Adjustable, 0~90 seconds , 1 Sec./ step
Ramp Time Adjustable, 1~8 seconds, 1 Sec./ step, The “On” time will
increase and decrease in the setting value.
Mode Five TENS Modes: B(Burst), N(Normal),M(Modulation),
SD1( Strength Duration), SD2
Two EMS Modes: S(Synchronous), A(Alternate)
Burst Mode Burst rate: Adjustable, 0-5 – 5Hz
Pulse width adjustable, 50~300µS
Frequency fixed = 100 Hz
Normal Mode The pulse rate and pulse width are adjustable. It generates continuous stimulation
based on the setting value.
Modulation Mode Modulation mode is a combination of pulse rate and pulse width modulation. The
pulse rate and width are automatically varied in a cycle pattern. The pulse width is
decreased by 50% from its original setting in 0.5 second, then the pulse rate is
decreased by 50% from its original setting in 0.5 second. Total cycle time is 1 second.
In this mode, pulse rate(2-150Hz) and pulse width(50-300µs) are fully adjustable.
SD1 Mode The SD1(Strength-Duration) mode consists of automatic modulation intensity and
pulse width in 40% range. The intensity is always increasing while the pulse width is
decreasing and vice-versa. The intensity is decreased by 40% while the pulse width
is increased by 40% in 5 seconds. In the next 5 seconds, the intensity is increased
by 40% while the pulse width is decreased by 40%. Total cycle time is 10 seconds.
Pulse rate(from 2~150Hz) and pulse width (from 50~300µs) are fully adjustable.
11.
2.
9. 10.
7.
8.
1.
4.
3.
6.
1. Lead Connector
2. Intensity Control (on/off switch)
3. Panel Cover
4. Liquid Crystal Display
5. Mode Control
6. Set Control
7. Increment Control
8. Decrement Control
9. Battery Case
10. Belt Clip
11. Protective Cover
5.
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23
TENS Therapy A Practical Guide
PHYSIO-MED SERIES 3 TENS/EMS COMBO
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Physio-Med Stim
Switch unit on using intensity controls (1)
Tens Mode
Press mode button (5) until Tens is displayed, press mode button to
choose B = Burst, N = Constant, M = Modulation SDI, SD2. After
selecting your choice press the Set Button (6) to select Pulse Width,
Pulse Rate, and Timer. Adjustment of all these parameters is made by
using the up/down buttons (7/8). Once all parameters are set
increase the intensity control (2) to the desired level.
EMS Mode
Press mode button (5) until EMS is displayed, press mode button to
select S=(Synchronous) or A = (Alternating). Now press set button (6)
to select your Pulse Width, Pulse Rate, Ramp Time, On Time, Off Time
and Treatment Time. All these parameters can be changed by using
the up/down buttons, (7/8). Once all parameters are set turn the
intensity control (2) to the required level.
PHYSIO-MED SERIES 3 TENS/EMS COMBO - Code: TPN 360
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
The technical specification details of Physio Med Series 3 Stim continued:
MECHANISM TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
SD2 Mode The SD2(Strength-Duration) mode consists of automatic modulation intensity and
pulse width in 70% range. The intensity is always increasing while the pulse width is
decreasing and vice-versa. The intensity is decreased by 70% while the pulse width
is increased by 70% in 5 seconds. In the next 5 seconds, the intensity is increased
by 70% while the pulse width is decreased by 70%. Total cycle time is 10 seconds.
Pulse rate(from 2~150Hz) and pulse width (from 50~300µs) are fully adjustable.
Synchronous Mode Stimulation of both channels occurs synchronously. The “ON” time including “Ramp
Up” and “Ramp Down” time. Therefore, the setting of ON Time should be no less than
two times of the “Ramp” time in this mode. ON TIME ≥ Ramp up + Ramp down.
Alternate Mode The stimulation of the CH2 will occur after the 1st contraction of CH1 is completed. In
this mode, the setting of ON Time should be no less than two times of the “Ramp”
time. The OFF Time should be equal or more then ON Time. ON TIME ≥ Ramp up +
Ramp down. OFF TIME ≥ ON TIME.
Timer Adjustable, from 1 to 60 minutes or Continuous. Adjustable in 5 minutes each step.
Treatment time countdown automatically.
Patient Compliance Meter This unit can store 60 sets of operation records. Total recorded time is 999 hours.
Low Battery Indicator A low battery indicator will show up when the battery is low.
Operating Condition Temperature: 0˚~40˚C
Relative Humidity: 30%~75˚%
Atmosphere Pressure: 700Hpa~1060Hpa
Remark There may be up to a +/-5% tolerance of all parameters and a +/-10% tolerance of
amplitude and voltage.
24. 11.
24
PHYSIO-MED SERIES 3 TENS
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
The technical specification details of Physio-Med 3 Series Tens are as follows:
MECHANISM TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Channel Dual, isolated between channels
Pulse Amplitude Adjustable, 0-100 mA peak into 500 ohm load each channel.
Wave Form Asymmetrical Bi-Phasic Square Pulse
Voltage 0 to 50V (Load: 500 ohm)
Size 10.1cm(L) x 6.1cm(W) x 2.45cm(H)
Weight 150 grams with battery.
Pulse Rate Adjustable, from 2 to 150 Hz, 1 Hz/step
Pulse Width Adjustable, from 50 to 300µS microseconds,10µS/step
Modes B(Burst), N(Normal), M(Modulation), SD1(Strength Duration), SD2
Burst Mode Burst rate: Adjustable, 0-5 – 5Hz
Pulse width adjustable, 50~300µS
Frequency fixed = 100 Hz
Normal Mode The pulse rate and pulse width are adjustable. It generates continuous stimulation
based on the setting value.
Modulation Mode Modulation mode is a combination of pulse rate and pulse width modulation. The
pulse rate and width are automatically varied in a cycle pattern. The pulse width is
decreased by 50% from its original setting in 0.5 second, then the pulse rate is
decreased by 50% from its original setting in 0.5 second. Total cycle time is 1 second.
In this mode, pulse rate(2-150Hz) and pulse width(50-300µs) are fully adjustable.
SD1 Mode The SD1(Strength-Duration) mode consists of automatic modulation intensity and
pulse width in 40% range. The intensity is always increasing while the pulse width
is decreasing and vice-versa. The intensity is decreased by 40% while the pulse
width is increased by 40% in 5 seconds. In the next 5 seconds, the intensity is
increased by 40% while the pulse width is decreased by 40%. Total cycle time is 10
seconds. Pulse rate(from 2~150Hz) and pulse width (from 50~300µs) are fully
adjustable.
1. Lead Connector
2. Intensity Control (on/off switch)
3. Panel Cover
4. Liquid Crystal Display
5. Mode Control
6. Set Control
7. Increment Control
8. Decrement Control
9. Battery Case
10. Belt Clip
11. Protective Cover
2.
9. 10.
7.
8.
1.
4.
3.
5.
6.
25. 01457 860444 01457 860555 www.physio-med.com sales@physio-med.com
25OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Physio-Med 3 Series Tens
Switch unit on using intensity controls (1)
Press mode buttons (5) to select Burst, Normal (Constant) modulation
SD1, SD2, once selected press Set Button (6) to set parameters for Pulse
Width, Pulse Rate, and Treatment Time. To change these settings press
the Up/Down buttons (7/8). Once all parameters are set, turn Intensity
controls (2) to the required level
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
The technical specification details of Physio-Med 3 Series Tens continued:
MECHANISM TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
SD2 Mode The SD2(Strength-Duration) mode consists of automatic modulation intensity
and pulse width in 70% range. The intensity is always increasing while the pulse
width is decreasing and vice-versa. The intensity is decreased by 70% while the
pulse width is increased by 70% in 5 seconds. In the next 5 seconds, the intensity is
increased by 70% while the pulse width is decreased by 70%. Total cycle time is 10
seconds. Pulse rate(from 2~150Hz) and pulse width (from 50~300µs) are fully
adjustable.
Timer Adjustable, from 1 to 60 minutes or Continuous. Adjustable in 5 minutes each step.
Treatment time countdown automatically.
Patient Compliance Meter This unit can store 60 sets of operation records. Total recorded time is 999 hours.
Low Battery Indicator A low battery indicator will show up on the LCD when the battery is low.
Operating Condition Temperature: 0˚~40˚C
Relative Humidity: 30%~75˚%
Atmosphere Pressure: 700Hpa~1060Hpa
Remark There may be up to a +/-5% tolerance of all parameters and a +/-10% tolerance of
amplitude and voltage.
PHYSIO-MED SERIES 3 TENS
TENS Therapy A Practical Guide
PHYSIO-MED SERIES 3 TENS - Code: TPN 350
26. 26
11.
PHYSIO-MED SERIES 3 EMS
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
The technical specification details of Physio-Med 3 Series EMSs are as follows:
MECHANISM TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Channel Dual, isolated between channels
Pulse Amplitude Adjustable 0-100 mA into 500 ohm load each channel.
Output Voltage Adjustable 0-50V, Max output 50V peak to peak into 500ohm load each channel.
Wave Form Asymmetrical rectangular biphasic pulse.
Power Supply One 9 Volt Battery, type 6F22
Size 10.1cm(L) x 6.1cm(W) x 2.45cm(H)
Weight 150 grams (battery included)
On Time Adjustable, 2~90 seconds , 1 Sec./ step
Off Time Adjustable, 0~90 seconds , 1 Sec./ step
Ramp Time Adjustable, 1~8 seconds, 1 Sec./ step, The “On” time will increase and decrease in the
setting value.
Pulse Rate Adjustable, 2~150 Hz , 1Hz / step
Pulse Width Adjustable, 50~300µS , 10µS / step
Timer Adjustable, 1-60 minutes or Continue. Adjustable in 5 minutes each step. Treatment
time countdown automatically.
Output Mode Constant ,Synchronous, Alternate
Constant Constant stimulation based on setting value. Only pulse width, pulse rate and timer
are adjustable in this mode. “Constant” is equal to the “Normal” mode of a TENS unit.
Synchronous Stimulation of both channels occurs synchronously. The “ON” time including “Ramp
Up” and “Ramp Down” time. Therefore, the setting of ON Time should be no less than
two times of the “Ramp” time in this mode.
ON TIME ≥ Ramp up + Ramp down OFF TIME ≥ ON TIME
1. Lead Connector
2. Intensity Control (on/off switch)
3. Panel Cover
4. Liquid Crystal Display
5. Mode Control
6. Set Control
7. Increment Control
8. Decrement Control
9. Battery Case
10. Belt Clip
11. Protective Cover
2.
9. 10.
7.
8.
1.
4.
3.
5.
6.
27. 01457 860444 01457 860555 www.physio-med.com sales@physio-med.com
27
TENS Therapy A Practical Guide
PHYSIO-MED SERIES 3 EMS
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Physio-Med 3 Series EMS
Switch unit on using Intensity Controls (1)
Press mode button (5) to select Constant, Synchronous, Alternate,
Press set button (6) to select Pulse Width, Pulse Rate, Ramp Time,
On Time, Off Time, and Treatment Time. Once adjusted by using the
Up/Down buttons (7/8) set the intensity level required using
intensity controls (2)
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
The technical specification details of Physio-Med 3 Series EMS continued:
MECHANISM TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Alternate The stimulation of the CH2 will occur after the 1st contraction of CH1 is completed. In
this mode, the setting of ON Time should be no less than two times of the
“Ramp” time. The OFF Time should be equal or more than the ON Time.
ON TIME ≥ Ramp up + Ramp down
OFF TIME ≥ ON TIME
Compliance Meter This unit can store 60 sets of operation records. Total recorded time is 999 hours.
Low Battery Indicator A low battery indicator will show up on the LCD when Indicator battery is low.
Operating Condition Temperature:0°~40°C
Relative Humidty:30%~75%
Atmosphere Pressure : 700Hpa~1060Hpa
Tolerance There may be a +/-10% tolerance of all settings and +/-
20% tolerance of output of intensity.
PHYSIO-MED SERIES 3 EMS - Code: EMS 350
28. Physio-Med Services Ltd.
Glossop Brook Business Park,
Glossop, Derbyshire, SK13 7AJ.
Tel: 01457 860 444
Fax: 01457 860 555
Email: sales@physio-med.com
Website: www.physiomedhomecare.co.uk
Physio-Med is part of the group. PM062/03-06