5. Transactional Model of
Communication
Communication is ongoing and dynamic
Participants simultaneously send and
receive messages.
Elements of the communication process
are interdependent
6. Sender/Encoder
The individual, group or organization who
initiates the communication.
He/She encodes or translates information
into a message in the form of symbols that
represent ideas or concepts.
7. Message
The symbols and signs which are actually
transmitted.
All messages are carried by a channel.
8. Medium
The immediate form which a message
takes.
May be either oral, written, visual or body
language.
For example: pod casts, letters, paintings
or facial expressions
9. Channel
That which is responsible for the delivery
of the chosen message form.
For example post office, internet, radio
and theatre.
10. Receiver/Decoder
The individual, group or organization who
receives communication.
He/She decodes or translates information
and derives meaning
11. Feedback
The receiver’s response to the sender
Allows the receiver to know how his/her
message has been received.
12. Noise/Interference
This is anything that prevents the
message from being accurately received,
interpreted and responded to.
May be internal or external
13. Environment
The physical, social and emotional context
in which communication takes place.
Can place expectations and constraints on
communication.