2nd chapter of BRM

1. Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Information
Systems and
Knowledge
Management
Information
Systems and
Knowledge
Management
Chapter 2Chapter 2
Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan

2. Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
DATA, INFORMATION ANS KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
• Data: The raw facts—record measures of certain
phenomena which are necessary to provide
• Information: facts in a form suitable for
managers to base decisions on.
• Data is essential raw material for the creation
of information.
• Knowledge: A blend of information, experience, and
insights that provides a frame-work that can be
thoughtfully applied when assessing new information
or evaluating relevant situations.

3. Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
DATA, INFORMATION ANS KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
• Knowledge consists of truths, and beliefs, perspectives
and concepts, judgments and expectations,
methodologies and know-how
• Knowledge Management is the process of creating an
wide-ranging, easily accessible organizational memory,
which is often called the organization’s Intellectual
Capital.

4. Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
DATA, INFORMATION ANS KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

5. Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
DATA, INFORMATION ANS KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

6. Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
DATA, INFORMATION ANS KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

7. Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
Demands on Data & Information
• Relevance to the problem or situation at hand.
• Must be available in a timely manner to the
right person (manager or decision-maker).
• Completeness
• Accuracy
• Accessibility
• Affordability
• Integrateability into a broader global
information or decision-support system

8. Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
Global Information Support Systems

9. Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
Global Information Support Systems
• A Global Information System may be defined as “ an
organized collection of computer hardware,
communication equipment, software, data, and
personnel designed to capture, store, update,
manipulate, analyze, and immediately display
information about worldwide business activities” (Zikmund, p. 22)

10. Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
• A Global Information System is a tool for providing
past, current and projected information on internal
operations and external activity. It organizes and
integrates data from production, operations,
marketing, finance, accounting and other business
functions (Zikmund, p. 22)
Global Information Support Systems

11. Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
Decision Support System
• A computer-based system that helps decision
makers confront problems through direct interaction
with databases and analytical software programs
• The purpose of a decision support system is to store
data and transform them into organized
information that is easily accessible to decision-
makers

12. Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
Decision Support System
• Decision-Support Systems are integrated in Global
Information Systems. They are aimed usually for
assisting managers and decision-makers in specific
organizational business units (e.g. divisions,
departments and functional areas) by providing
organized and adaptable information

13. Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
A Decision Support System Has Two Components
DatabaseDatabase SoftwareSoftwareInput Output

14. Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
Databases & Software
• Databases are collections of raw data
which have been arranged in a logical
manner and which can be stored and
processed electronically
• Software are programmes that allow complex
operations to be undertaken on data and which
give information for managers and decision-
makers

15. Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
Databases & Software
Data Warehousing
•Information management term
•The process that allows information from operational
systems to be stored and organized into separate systems
designed for simple access

16. Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
• Bring together lots of pieces of information
customer profiles
sales
 marketing effectiveness/responsiveness
 market trends
• Provides the enterprise with a complete,
dependable, and integrated view of its customer
base.

17. Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
Databases & Software
• Management, salespeople, customer service, and
perhaps the customer can directly
 access information e.g. other products a customer
has purchased
 match customer needs with satisfying product
offerings
 remind customers of service requirements

18. Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
Data and Information Sources for Business Researchers – (1)
Internal Records
Example: Data about costs, shipments, inventory, sales,
and other aspects of regular operations which are
collected from various functional areas of an
organization
Proprietary Business Research
Example: New data and information from projects which
are undertaken ad hoc to study specific company
problems

19. Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
Databases & Software
Business intelligence Systems
Example: Information about nonrecurring
developments in the external business
environment stemming from a network of sources
and regular procedures

20. Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
Databases & Software
On-Line Databases
Examples: PROQUEST, INFOTRAC, DIALOG, LEXIS-
NEXIS, Dow Jones News Retrieval Services, CompuStat
Internet
Examples: World Wide Web search engines (Google,
Yahoo, Altavista, Lycos, Excite etc.)
All Other Sources
Examples: Research Institutions, Libraries, Books,
Journals, Periodicals,
Newspapers, Chambers of Commerce and Industry

21. Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
Business Research in the International Context
• Business Research is being increasingly applied in an
international context in the wake of globalization and the
consequent freedom of movement of the resources of
Labour, capital and information of businesses and
corporations:
• Overseas market potential
• Joint ventures and relocating production lines overseas
• Framework considerations for investment and trade (e.g.
culture, legal environment, security, physical infrastructure,
availability and quality of human resources, logistics, political
stability, trade and investment incentives)

22. Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
Data and Information Sources for Business Researchers (Pakistan)
• Federal and provincial ministries of commerce, industries and production
• Federal, provincial and city Chambers of Commerce and Industry
• State Bank of Pakistan, Pakistan Banking Council, local and foreign banking
institutions
• Stock Exchanges
• National Investment Board
• Export Promotion Bureau
• Manufacturers, Traders and Exporters Associations
• Research Institutes (e.g. Pakistan Institute of Development Economics)
• Newspapers and Magazines (e.g. Business Recorder, Pakistan and Gulf
Economist)
• Business and Trade Directories
• Internet (e.g.: www.forexpk.com)

23. Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Course Instructor: R B Soomro, Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration, Shah Abdul Latif University
Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
Databases & Software