2. The learning objectives:
Definition and incidence
normal development of male external
genetalia.
risk factors
Classification
Symptoms and signs
Diagnosis and investigations
treatment
3. Hypospadias:
is a birth defect of the male urethra that results in
the urethral meatus (opening) being positioned in
an abnormal location on the ventral aspect of
the penis.
4. Incidence:
Hypospadias occurs in 1 in every 300 male children
.
There is an increased incidence of undescended
testicles in children with hypospadias.
8. Risk factors:
1-Age and weight:
2-Fertility treatments:
3-certain hormons
Mothers who were age 35 years or older and who were
considered obese had a higher risk of having a baby with
hypospadias
11. Symptoms and signs:
seldom have symptoms related to hypospadias.
new borns and young
children:
older children and young
adult:
may complain of difficulty directing the urinary stream
and stream spraying.
12. Chodee (curvature of the
penis)
Abnormal appearance of
penis
Penscrotal and perineal
causes ventral bending and bowing of the penile
shaft, which can prevent sexual intercourse.
necessitates voiding in the sitting position
caused by deficient or absent ventral
foreskin
14. Investigations:
1-Karyotyping and buccal
smear
children with penoscrotal and perineal hypospadias often have
a bifid scrotum and ambiguous genitalia
2-Urethroscopy and cystoscopy
to determine whether internal male sexual
organs are normally developed
3-Excretory urography
to detect additional congenital anomalies of the kidneys and ureter
15. Treatment:
depends on the type of defect the boy has. Most cases of
hypospadias will need surgery to correct the defect.
between the ages of 3–18 months old.
a baby boy with hypospadias should not be circumcised.
