The document discusses hypospadias, a congenital defect where the opening of the urethra is abnormally located, including its definition, causes, risk factors, types, signs and symptoms, diagnostic evaluation, and management through both medical and surgical means. Surgical repair is usually done between 6-12 months of age to correct the positioning of the urethral opening and ensure normal urinary function and appearance. Nursing care after surgery focuses on pain management, preventing infection, and maintaining normal urination.

1. HYPOSPADIAS
PRESENTED BY-
MR.SANTOSH PANDA

2. CONTENT
• DEFINITION
• INCIDENT
• ETILOGY
• RISK FACTOR
• SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
• CLASSIFICATION
• DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
• MANAGEMENT

4. • DEFINITION OF HYPOSPADIAS :-
• “ Hypospadias is a congenital
defect of the penis in which
the penis in which the urinary
tract. Opening or urethral
meatus, is abnormally located
on under surface of penis”.

5. • INCIDENT:-
● Hypospadias occurs in 1
in every 300 male new
born/children.
●There is an increased
incidence of Undescended
testicles in children with
hypospadias.

6. ● RISK FACTORS FOR HYPOSPADIAS:
-
● Maternal:
~ maternal age
~ primiparity
● Paternal:
~ Abnormality of testes and
scrotum.
~ Low spermatozoa motility.
~ Abnormal sperm morphology.
● Fetal:
~ Low birth weight baby.

7. • ETIOLOGY OF HYPSPADIAS:-
● Hypospadias is present at birth
[congenital]. As the penis
Develops in a male fetus,
certain
Hormones stimulate the
Formation of the urethra and
Foreskin. Hypospadias results
When a malfunction occurs in
The action of these hormones,
Causing the urethra to

8. • Conti...
● In most cases, the exact
Cause of hypospadias is
Unknown. Sometimes,
Hypospadias is genetic,
but environment also
may
Play a role.

9. • CLASSIFICATION OF HYPOSPADIAS:-
- There are 5 types of classification in hypospadias:
1.GLANULAR HYPOSPADIAS.
2. CORONAL HYPOSPADIAS.
3.PENIL SHAFT HYPOSPADIAS.
4.PENOSCROTAL
HYPOSPADIAS.
5.PERINEAL HYPOSPADIAS.
1.GLANULAR HYPOSPADIAS:-
● The urethra is within the head of his
penis[glans].
1.

11. 2.CORNAL HYPOSPADIAS:-
● The opening of the urethra is just below the
head of his penis.
3.Penil shaft hypospadias:-
● The opening of the urethra is in the
distal Portion of the shaft of the penis.
4.PENOSCROTAL HYPOSPADIAS:-
● The opening of the urethra is
located where the penis and
scrotum
Meet.
2.
3.

12. 4.
5.
5.PERINEAL HYPOSPADIAS:-
● The urethral meatus open in the
Perineum near the anus ; the scrotum
Is usually cleft.

14. • SIGN AND SYMPTOMS:-
●Newborns and young children.
●Older children and young adult:
~ May complain of difficulty
directing the urinary stream and
stream spraying.
●Chodee[curvature of the penis]:
-
~ Causes ventral Bending and
bowing of the penile shaft,which
can prevent sexual intercourse.
●Penscrotal and perineal:-
~ Necessitates voiding in the

15. • Conti...
●Abnormal appearance of penis:-
~caused by deficient or absent ventral
foreskin.

17. • DIAGNISTIC EVALUATION:-
-
-
-
-
History taking And physical
examination.
Urethroscopy and cystoscopy.
Excretory Urography.
Bladder Usg. 1.
2.

18. 3.
* Urethroscopy procedure
4.
*Cystoscopy procedure

19. Excretory urography Bladder USG

20. MANAGEMENT

21. 1.Pharmacological management
2.Medical management
3.Surgical
management
4.Nursing management

22. 1. Pharmacological management:-

23. ● There is no any medicine is available because
hypospadias is the congenital disformity.
2.

24. ~Minor cases of hypospadias, In which the meatus is
located up toward the tip of the glans, may not
require surgical repair and may simply be managed
with observation.
3.Surgical management

25. ●Management begins in the newborn period.
● Circumcision should be avoided, because the foreskin often is
used in the repair.
● The ideal age for repair in a healthy infant is 6-12 months.
~There is no greater risk of general anesthesia at this age
Compared to 2-3year.
~ Penile growth over the next several years is slow.
~ The child not remember the surgical procedure.
~Postoperative analgesic needs are less than in older children.

26. 4.

27. A. Acute pain.
Goal- To reduce the pain.
Intervantion-Apply the ice compress.
~ provided to the like drugs.
B.Risk for infection.
Goal- To prevent from infection.
Intervantion- Evaluate the patient for
Urinary tract infection.
~ Adequate fluid intake.

28. ~ Administer antibiotics
medication.
C.Impaired Urinary elimination.
Goal- To maintain normal urinary elimination.
Intervantion- Monitor urinary obstruction.
~ Supply adequate fluid orally.

29. 1.Definition.
2.Incident.
3.Risk factor.
4.Etiology.
5.Classification.
6.Sign and symptoms.
7.Diagnostic Evaluation.
8.Management.
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surgery in hypospadias.