MEMS = Micro Electro Mechanical System
Any engineering system that performs electrical (switching ,deciding) and mechanical functions (sensing,moving,heating) with components in micrometers is a MEMS.
2. WHAT IS MEMS ?
MEMS = Micro Electro Mechanical System
Any engineering system that performs electrical (switching ,deciding) and
mechanical functions (sensing,moving,heating) with components in
micrometers is a MEMS. (1 μm = 1/10 of human hair)
MEMS
Sense
Communicate
Act
Think
4. FABRICATION OF MEMS
Deposition: The ability to deposit thin films of material on a
substrate.
Lithography: To apply a patterned mask on top of the films
by photolithograpic imaging.
Etching: To etch the films selectively to the mask
5. APPLICATIONS OF MEMS
In Medicine and Biomems
In Communications and Microphones
In Defense and Military service
In Automotive
In Sensors
In Electronics
In Aerospace
In Accelerometers
In Optical MEMS
Fluidic MEMS
RF MEMS
As Gyroscope
Microengines
MEMS Memory Units
6. IN MEDICINE
A MEMS is a device that can be implanted in the human body.
MEMS surgical tools provide the flexibility and accuracy to perform surgery.
Blood pressure sensor
Muscle stimulators and drug delivery systems
Implanted pressure sensors
Miniature analytical instruments
Pacemakers
Microvalves
Micropumps
Food analysis
Biocavity Laser (for Cancer Cell Detection)
Study of biomolecules and their interaction
Drug development
Crime detection
Medical diagnosis
DNA sensors
Immune sensors
Bacteria sensors
Enzyme sensors
Smart Pill
7. IN AUTOMOTIVES
Heavy use of mems is found in air bag systems, vehicle security system, inertial
brake lights, rollover detection, automatic door locks etc .
Navigation assistance
Anti-theft systems
Telematics boxes (Black box)
Infotainment
Electronic stability control
Air bags
Accelerometers
Engine control
Inertial sensors (accelerometers,
gyroscopes)
Air conditional compressor sensor
Brake force sensor and Suspension
control
Fuel level and Vapour pressure sensor
Intelligent tyres
8. IN COMMUNICATIONS AND MICROPHONES
MEMS microphones in portable devices, e.g., mobile phones, head sets and laptops.
The market for smart microphones includes smartphones, wearable devices, smart home
and automotive applications.
The mems microphone also called as microphone Chip is widely used in the present day
communication world .
Variable optical attenuators
Optical switching
Tuneable filters
Tuneable capacitors and resonators for
mobile phones
Fibre-optic network components
RF relays , switches and filters
Projection displays in portable
communications devices and instrumentation
Voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs)
Splitters and couplers
Tuneable lasers
9. IN ELECTRONICS
Pedometer
Game control
Image stabilisation in video camera’s
(accelerometer)
Hard disk protection
Micro displays
Autofocus lenses
Mobile phones
Note books
Camcorder
Inkjet heads
Hiking altimeters
Scuba gear
Cabin temperature control
Crash prevention
Anti fog systems
Seat occupancy
Tire and break monitoring
Fingerprint sensors for authentication
Disk drive heads
Projection screen televisions
Earthquake sensor
Avionics pressure sensors
Mass data storage systems
10. IN DEFENSE AND MILITARY SERVICE
The Military uses MEMS for gathering information .
Information exploitation is accomplished through interconnecting data processing, displays,
batteries, mass storage, and input/output devices using advance telemetry interfaces. This class
of system represents a large fraction of future DoD and commercial products.
Missile guidance
Navigation
laser range finder
Switches and tuneable
capacitors for radar and
communications
Flight control systems
Cabin pressure
Hydraulic systems
Security monitoring
Fingerprint sensors for
authentication
Munitions guidance
Surveillance
Arming systems
Embedded sensors
Data storage
Aircraft control
11. OPTICS
The explosive growth of data traffic, such as the Internet, has produced a pressing need for
large-capacity optical networks.
To be widely deployed, such switches must be small, low cost, batch fabricated, and have a
high port count.
A MEMS-based optical switch is well suited to addressing these requirements.
Micromirror Device
Optical switch
Optical relays
DLP Pico Projector
Pill Camera
MicroDisplays
Autofocus lenses
Tuneable filters
Micromirrors in bar code readers and
projectors
Optical scanners
12. IN SENSORS
A major application for MEMS is as sensors .
Turn physical phenomena into measurable electrical signals .
A micro sensor reaches a significantly higher speed and sensitivity compared with
microscopic approaches.
Commonly sensed parameters are:
Pressure
Temperature
Flow rate
Radiation
Chemicals
Pathogens
And Almost Everything!!!
13. IN SENSORS
Type of Sensors :
Mechanical Sensors
Optical Sensors
Thermal Sensors
Chemical & Biological Sensors
Strain Gauges
Accelerometers
Pressure Sensors
Microphones
Gyroscopes(Rotation Rate)
Biological Light Sensors
Thermo mechanical
(Dimension)
Thermo Resistive (Resistance)
Acoustic (Sound)
Biological
Electronic Nose
Electronic Tongue
Flow sensors
Fingerprint sensors for
authentication
Inertial Sensors in Automobiles
microfluidics and chemical
sensors
Velocity sensors
Radication sensors
Magnetic sensors
14. MEMS MEMORY UNITS
TB to PB device capacities
Massively parallel data transfer rates
Very fast file access times
Improved reliability
Smaller size and weight
Device costs less than today's devices
Excellent fit for applications to enterprise
15. RF MEMS
RF MEMS constitute one of the fastest growing areas in commercial MEMS technology.
RF MEMS are designed specifically for use within the electronics in mobile phones and other
wireless communication applications such as radar, global positioning satellite systems (GPS)
and steerable antennae.
These low-loss ultra-miniature and highly integrated RF functions can replace classical RF
elements and enable a new generation of RF devices and systems.
Impedance Matching Networks
Tunable Antennas Filtering
RF Circuits
16. Apart from these applications mems are also used in many fields in the present world.
Inkjet printer head
Overhead projection display (Digital Light
Processor)
Lab-On-Chip (Biochips are biological
microchips)
IT Peripherals
Life Style Products
Household Applications (smart home)
IR sensors (infrared sensor)
Micromachined Probes
Medical diagnostic devices
Implantable pump
Liquid lenses
Microspectrometer
Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic
transducers
Nebulizers (Asthma inhalers )
Personal digital assistant
Smart munitions and decoys
Velocity sensors
Microactuators ( valves,pumps)
Micro fluidics
Linear and rotary motors
Microsurgical
Virosome
Drug delivery
Home security devices
Motion and shock detection
Micro Grippers or tweezers
17. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Minimize energy and materials use in
manufacturing
Cost/performance advantages
Improved reproducibility
Improved accuracy and reliability
Increased selectivity and sensitivity
x Farm establishment requires huge
investments
x Micro-components are costly compare to
macro-components
x Design includes very much complex
procedures
x Prior knowledge is needed to integrate
MEMS devices
18. CONCLUSION
Enabling this technology promises to create entirely new categories of product.
MEMS will be the indispensable factor for advancing technology in the 21st century.
19. product type 1996(M Pcs) M Dollar 2002(M Pcs) M Dollar
earphone 4 1150 7 2000
Barometer 115 600 309 1300
accelerometer 24 240 90 430
Gyroscope 6 150 30 360
Micro
spectrometer
0.006 3 0.15 40
Chemical sensor 100 300 400 800
The global market share of some MEMS systems in 2002 & 1996 for current products
20. Application areas 2000 2004
average annual
growth rate
Information Technology 8700 13400 11.5
Automotive 1260 2350 16.9
Telecommunications 130 2650 128.1
Industrial and automation 1190 1850 11.6
Medical and biochemical 2400 7400 32.5
The global market for MEMS products in 2000 and 2004 based on different application areas(M Dollar)
Variable optical attenuators is a device used to reduce the power level of an optical signal, either in free space or in an optical fiber.
The basic types of optical attenuators are fixed, step-wise variable, and continuously variable.
A resonator is a device or system that exhibits resonance or resonant behavior, that is, it naturally oscillates at some frequencies, called its resonant frequencies, with greater amplitude than at others.
Telemetry is an automated communications process by which measurements and other data are collected at remote or inaccessible points and transmitted to receiving equipment for monitoring
Micromirror devices are devices based on microscopically small mirrors. The mirrors are Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), which means that their states are controlled by applying a voltage between the two electrodes around the mirror arrays. Digital micromirror devices are used in video projectors and optics and micromirror devices for light deflection and control.
Digital Light Processing (DLP) is a video technology created by Texas Instruments that is used for front and rear projection units. DLP technology is common for rear projection in TVs and it is also used in front projectors for units designed for businesses and classrooms.
pathogen is anything that can produce disease.
A strain gauge (sometimes referred to as a strain gage) is a sensor whose resistance varies with applied force; It converts force, pressure, tension, weight, etc., into a change in electrical resistance which can then be measured.