The Holocaust And The Holocaust

The Holocaust And The Holocaust
In a world where humans thrive and try to grow in peace and prosperity, the Holocaust begins.
Hitler's genocide is beyond any human's limitations and the worst genocide in human history. As the
human race progresses, we must understand that the purpose of Hitler's genocide was not the mass
murder of millions of people, but the purpose of something much more complex: a new creation of
the perfect race. In Hitler's eyes, this usually meant blonde hair, blue eyes, and a Caucasian skin
tone. Fast forwarding to 1954, the Civil Rights movement has begun to take place. African
Americans are provided little to no rights and it's all because of their skin tone. How is this any
different to the people Hitler executed for being racially "incorrect" in his eyes? We may have not
had concentration camps, barbed wire ghettos, or mass genocide, but people have been killed and
rights have been taken away. It wasn't until cases like Brown versus Board of Education and Plessy
versus Ferguson, that things were beginning to change history which set the framework for our
current society.
In 1890, Louisiana passed the Separate Car Act. This law stated that railroad companies in the state
of Louisiana must separate Caucasian passengers from opposing races. This is where the term
"separate but equal" came into play. "Separate but equal" laws were established when laws wouldn't
exclude accommodations to African Americans, but wouldn't give them the fullest benefits either.
For example: while a white
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Brown Vs. Board of Education Essay
Through out history there have been many pivotal court cases that have forever altered towns , states
, and even some that have altered the history of countries. Amongst these cases which have altered
the history of countries Brown vs. Board of Education stands. Like anything pivotal there are many
elements involved within the issue, background, and the impact of the decision. In Brown Vs. Board
of Education there are three main points involved which made it so pivotal, the issue with which it
was based, the historical background, and the after affect it had on the south . "Before 1954 most
public school systems in the south– and some in the north as well–were racially segregated"
(Tackach 8). Although the basis for the case was that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Further ]reinforcing the inequality of "separate but equal" was the fact that "No black schools were
equal to white schools"(Patrick 49). Another aspect of Brown Vs. Board of Education which helped
contribute to it being a successful and therefor pivotal case was that historical background to the
case. Part of the historical background to the case is what caused Mr. Brown and Mrs. Brown to sue
the Board of Education. They were suing the "School board for denying their Eight–year–old
daughter , Linda , admission to a school only 5 blocks from the house...solely because she was
black"(Patrick 48). Although they had seemingly what was legally right on their side along with that
the "NAACP provided these parents with legal help"(Patrick 48). This proved to be a substantial
help to the Browns because the "NAACP legal counsel successfully argued a number of Supreme
Court cases"(Patrick 48). The end result of the case was that "Separate but equal" was in actuality
not equal at all and that at least one part of the 14th amendment which allowed " separate but equal"
facilities , was overturned. Now that the case was done though there was much more to be done
before the decision carried out in full. While trying to enforce this new decision there was much
resistance encountered coming form the south. Events such as "Southern public

Plessy Vs Ferguson
Throughout the first half of the Twentieth Century, American statutes and judicial precedents
operated to preserve advantages of the white citizens of the country. In 1954 the Supreme Court,
made a profound decision in Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, which brought about a
fundamental change in the legal and racial organization of American society. Mr. Oliver L. Brown's
attorneys convinced the justices to overturn the precedent in Plessy v. Ferguson, in order to permit
Mr. Brown's daughter Linda to attend a white elementary school that was seven blocks from her
home instead of going ten blocks to get on a bus to go to a segregated elementary school. This
unanimous decision swept aside the legal principle of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) ... Show more
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Hill asserts that if it had not been for Barbara Johns, there would have been little adult or public
attention to the faults of segregation in public schools. Johns was one of the leaders in the only
student led case consolidated into Brown. According to Hill on April 23, 1951 "Barbara Johns, a
senior at Robert Mission High School in Prince Edward County, Virginia, led her class on strike to
procure better school facilities and publicize the deplorable conditions of Prince Edwards Negro
public schools." Johns was well positioned to organize her schoolmates, as she was the niece of
Reverend Vernon Johns, a minister, civil rights activist, and orator. The National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People had just opened a branch in Topeka, Kansas. The actions of the
Board of Education in Coffeyville, Kansas and its new head of department, noted (NAACP)
segregationist Kenneth McFarland, attracted the attention of the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored

Brown V. Board Of Education Case Study
Education case, the Supreme Court held that separate was innately unequal, and that the very
process of separating one group of children from another is detrimental. Chief Justice Earl Warren
states that "to separate black children from others group of similar age and qualifications solely
because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may
affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone." Consequently, the court ordered
that America's schools must set about the task of integration "with all deliberate speed."
The Supreme Court verdict in the case of Brown was no doubt the highest event in a legal crusade
that arose in the United States in the year 1938, and it also influenced other battles in Texas and
Oklahoma. While Brown v. Board of Education ended the battle for one civil rights movement, it
seems like it was just the beginning of another civil right movement. The Brow case was rule based
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Even though Virginia started the freedom of choice program, the Supreme Court in the 1968 Green
v. School Board of New Kent County case ruled that district integration plans must promise to
achieve the actual objective of integrating schools. The Court outlines more specific directives
observing that the freedom of choice program could result in the continuance of the old–style
attendance patterns. In Swann v. Charlotte–Mecklenburg, the Court said that the finding of a racially
imbalanced school could prompt close scrutiny by school officials. The Court also informed
Northern school district that their policy should undergo the same process as the southern states, too.
However, the Northern school district faced a more complex challenge. School segregation was not
the problem, but it was an official government problem rather than school

Separate But Equal Equality
The conflict over segregation has been an issue since the Civil War. After the Civil War, equality
was slowed by many court cases and state laws. "Separate but Equal" was a term used to
demonstrate that white and black people were to be separated, but have the same facilities available.
Unfortunately, this was not always the case. The struggle to achieve equality was made more
difficult by the legislation of racism in the Plessy v. Ferguson case. Homer Plessy, a white man
living in Louisiana, was the subject of an important court case that set the stage for years of struggle
over "Separate but Equal." His great grandmother was African–American, therefore, even though he
looked white, he was classified as black. The Separate Car Act, enacted in 1890, stated that whites
and blacks had to be separated in different railroad cars. Plessy bought a ticket from Press Street
Depot in New Orleans to travel to Covington, Louisiana. Once he bought his ticket, he got into the
whites only railroad car. A railroad employee asked him to move to the "blacks only" cars, but
Plessy refused. A private detective, working at the railroad station, took Plessy off the train and
arrested him. Plessy was charged twenty–five dollars for breaking the law, and "was brought before
Judge John H. Ferguson of the Criminal Court for New Orleans, who upheld the state law. The law
was challenged in the Supreme Court on the grounds that it conflicted with the 13th and 14th
Amendments" (history.com). After the

The Negative Effects Of The Plessy Vs. Ferguson Trial
Segregation had been something the United States had struggled with for years. During the 1890's
segregation started to become more common and white people felt superior to other races, especially
African Americans. White people believed, black people did not deserve the rights and respect that
they had. Homer Plessy, the so called wrongdoer in the Plessy vs Ferguson case, was seven–eighths
white and one–eighths black, and he had an appearance of a white man. On June 7, 1892, he
purchased a railroad ticket from New Orleans to Covington La, and sat in an empty seat in a whites
only car. Homer told the conductor he was black, and when asked to leave and move on to the
appropriate car, he refused. He was an American citizen who had bought a first–class ticket and
deserved to sit on that train. When the conductor called the police, Homer Plessy was arrested and
later in court his case challenged the system and had a large impact on the African American
community.The Plessy vs Ferguson trial affected humanity in both a positive and a negative way,
because of the small negative short term cultural effects, such as disrespect towards African
Americans, and the long term positive effects that lead to the equality between black and white
people.
The Plessy v Ferguson Trial negatively affected humanity in a cultural way, creating separate but
equal rights, challenging the constitution in court, creating the problem of segregation which was
overturned in 1954. To begin, after the case,

Jonathan Kozol's Savage Inequalities: Children in...
Jonathan Kozol's Savage Inequalities: Children in America's Schools
In this detailed and shocking book, Jonathan Kozol describes the horrific and unjust conditions in
which many children in today's society are forced to get their education. Kozol discusses three major
reasons for the discrepancies in America's schools today: disparities of property taxes, racism, and
the conflict between state and local control. The first of these reasons is that of the differences of
available property tax revenues. Kozol discusses the inconsistencies in property tax revenues and the
problem that the poorer districts aren't getting the same opportunities for education as the more
affluent neighborhoods. He says the reason for this is that the ... Show more content on
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The statistics he gives in the book are very startling, stating how in one school the classrooms are
racially segregated. In one classroom there are all white students, maybe one or two black or Asian
children. In another classroom, the "special" class, all the children are black, with maybe one white
child. Kozol does not understand how one could look at this situation and deny that this is racism.
Kozol says that, according to a study done by the State Commissioner of Education, "as many as
three out of four blacks ... fail to complete high school within the traditional four–year periods"
(112). The dropout rates that Kozol presents to the reader are unimaginable and very heartbreaking.
Other distressing issues Kozol argues are those of magnet schools and the business approach to
education, which he discusses in chapter two. In Kozol's opinion, magnet schools do nothing but
separate the children more. He says that the poorer children are not really given a chance to apply
for these selective schools. Even if the information is given to the parents, many times they are not
properly educated to do anything about fulfilling the necessary requirements to get their children
into the special schools. He also disagrees with the business approach to education, stating that one
cannot set limits on a child because the child will never strive to go beyond

The Circle: A Panopticon
The Circle is a Panopticon
According to Dalai Lama, a lack of transparency results in distrust and a deep sense of insecurity.
The novel The Circle by Dave Eggers displays an example of full transparency with the company
the Circle. A panopticon is full transparency without the other person knowing. The company,
Circle, is a panopticon because the Circle is a transparent company, the Circlers work are taking
over their lives like a prisoner, and the Circle uses oppressive behavior towards the Circlers.
The Circle is the most innovative company that inspires the workers believe in transparency. Alike
the panopticon, which is used to monitor prisoners, the Circle has developed modern technologies
used to monitor anything in the world. One of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mae, a Circler, is like a prisoner being oppressed by the Circle without her knowing. The panopticon
is a building made for prisoners and how the Circle exercises their authority or power in an unjust
manner towards the Circlers. "Bentham didn't want the panopticon to be a tool for oppression, and
in fact its failure eventually led him to develop a type of anti–panopticon later in life – where a
minister sits in an exposed room and is surrounded by members of the public who listen and ask
questions," stated Thomas (What does the panopticon mean). Following the Circle's story, what
Thomas stated in his article is very similar to the book The Circle. The Circle was created for good
morals but became corrupt and later on need to possibility shut it down due to usage of oppressive
behaviors. The Circle's panopticon operating style is shown as Mae being oppressed by Denise and
Josiah to actively using the Circle's social media. This is alike the panopticon prisoners where they
know they are being watched so they are conditioned to be on their very best behavior. "The
sometimes' is interesting to me. Or concerning, I should say. Because I think you're not finding that
'sometime' frequently enough," stated Josiah (Eggers, 190). As Mae's superior, Josiah is
interrogating her to shape her into what the Circle wants her to be which is oppressive behavior.
From the outside, the panopticon and the Circle may seem very useful but no one knows what goes
on internally: the use of

The Panopticon in My Life Essay
Panopticon The Panopticon in My Life
Principles of the Panopticon can appear just about everywhere in our everyday life. The Panopticon
itself is a simple system of centralized visualization. The basis of the original Panopticon was a
circular prison system with a tower sitting in the middle that had a full, unobstructed view of all the
prison cells. I can apply this idea to many situations in my life varying from computer use to my
college classrooms. An instance, which stands out the most in my mind as being a panoptic
environment, is my experiences in gaming casinos.
The basic system of just about every casino is that of the tables (including Roulette, Blackjack and
Craps) filling the center of the room with computerized ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The difference here is the layout is meant for the casino management to have full view of the players
at the tables. Roulette, Blackjack and Craps tables are placed in a circular pattern with an area in the
middle roped off for the casino personnel only. Within this area called the pit, stand the pit bosses.
Their prime job is to keep an eye on all the tables and regulate them. As a player you barely notice
there invading eyes because you are distracted by your game. They make sure there is no foul play
on your end such as making sure you pay the right amount for chips, play correctly, and act in a civil
manner. They not only keep a close eye on you but they make sure the dealer gives you correct
payouts, makes correct change and that the cards, dice or wheel is played properly.
Another small panoptic system is the actual tables themselves. Each table, no matter which game, is
arranged in a central way that the dealer is in the middle and the players surround him. All the
players focus on the dealer and are reliant on his every move. The dealer, representing the house, has
the ultimate control of the situation. Although he does not know the outcome, the chances of you
losing are always higher. This gives the casino their edge. You completely depend on their outcome
even though you do have a decision in how you play.
Lastly, the use of surveillance cameras is a prime panoptic example. Surveillance has to be the most
prominent use of a

Negative Effects Of Gentrification
Now days walking down the streets of Atlanta, we see the new neighborhoods consisting of condos,
Starbucks, yoga classes and Chipotle. Gentrification is a growing problem in urban areas as the
influx of the riches have caused the displacement of lower class families due to higher economic
demands and local politics. According to Diane K. Levy, Jennifer Comey and Sandra Padilla (2005),
"We define gentrification as the process whereby higher–income households move into low income
neighborhoods, escalating the area's property values to the point that displacement occurs. In
addition to changes in economic class, gentrification often involves a change in a neighborhood's
racial and ethnic composition..." (p.1). Though gentrification has lasting affects on the economic
status of cities, there are also repercussions that not only effect working individuals but also the
students that attend school in these gentrified areas. When areas are gentrified, schools are rezoned
thus leading to long lasting consequences that students must face. Some believe that gentrification is
beneficial to a growing economy in a growing city, but the realities of the its lasting effects on
education are often left under the radar. The issues that lie within the education system as it pertains
to gentrification include day segregation and unequal opportunities between affluent and low–
income areas. More than 60 years later with the ruling of Brown v. Board of Education intact, and
"separate but equal"

Was America Really Great?
"Make America great again!" is the infamous slogan of Donald Trump's 2016 Republican
presidential campaign. For most educated and historically conscious people, this slogan pegs the
question, "When exactly was America great?" This question is not meant as an attack against the
United States, but as an observation of our history and our progress. America has assuredly made
great progress, but has there ever been a previous time period where America, as a whole, could
have been defined as great? Was America great back when African Americans were being bought
and sold as slaves to a white man's gain? When, even after the abolition of slavery, the law still
continued to hold white people to a higher standard than African Americans? This proclamation ...
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School segregation laws are just a meager portion of the many times in history where America did
not know what they were doing, in terms of enforcing equality. There is no doubt that there have
been plenty of substantial moments in American history that facilitated the progress made since its
liberation from Great Britain, but true greatness lies in the future America. The America where all
children, regardless of their race, get a proper education and a fighting chance at an extraordinary
life. The America that chooses to stand together and support one another, rather than divide

The Segregation Of The Jim Crow Laws
The loud chatter of the audience at the old Park Theater in New York was for a one man show
performed by Thomas Rice. To the all white audience, Jim Crow was vigorously funny. Clothed in a
stable boy costume and a straw hat, his white face darkened by coal in a behaviour recognized as
"blackface." He danced and sang and even spoke in mockery of the black slang. He portrayed blacks
as ignorant, greedy and foolish. Even though his act was for entertainment purposes, Thomas Rice
implied through his act that African Americans were purposeless. This encouraged people to be less
compassionate towards African Americans and these feelings eventually created what we now know
about as the Jim Crow Laws. The Jim Crow Laws were a system of laws that ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The few African American doctors that existed were not allowed to practice medicine in hospitals
run by whites. In the south, African Americans were not allowed in the white hospitals, while in the
north, the whites had separate wards for African Americans. This inequality created by the Jim Crow
Laws prevented African Americans from being accepted in society, and from living their lives in
freedom that derives sufficient healthcare. The health care system of American society is not
favoured into the social injustice and different forms of inequality that negatively affect the lives of
African Americans. The United States healthcare system has been and continous to be afflicted with
racism. During the Jim Crow era, racism within the medical fields was apparent. African Americans
have always been victims of discrimination in the healthcare fields of the American society. Before
the civil war and the abolishing to slavery African Americans had to rely on their masters for health
care. It was not uncommon for plantations to have their own hospital organized by African
American women who were well–informed on illness and healing. Other slave owners had contracts
with physicians to provide healthcare for the slaves. Even though African Americans were given
health care, they however did not receive the same quality of treatment given to the whites. In
response, the Freedmen 's Bureaus medical department; which was

Essay The Strange Career of Jim Crow
The Jim Crow laws were local and state laws that were supposedly "separate but equal," but instead
blacks were inferior to the whites due that to the social, educational, and economical disadvantages
that they caused. In Woodward's greatly influential book, The Strange Career of Jim Crow, he shows
supporters of segregation that this was not the way that it had always been, but instead segregation
took time to develop after the Civil war and that the acceptance of the Jim Crow laws was not just
because of race, but also included politic aspects. Woodward proves his thesis by showing how the
state between the two races was right after the race the war and how slavery required interaction
between blacks and whites. Woodward continues to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The segregation took place in churches, railroads, and schools, prisons, etc. There was also
segregation in public housing, which caused the creation of "Nigger Hill," "New Guinea," and
"Little Africa." The more western north barred African American from coming into the state in same
way. After the Civil war, the north had shown its position on white supremacy through its actions.
Abraham Lincoln and the winning politic party also believed the same ideas of White Supremacy as
shown by Lincoln's speech," I am not...in favor of brining about in any way the social and political
equality of the black and white... I as much as any other man am in favor of having the superior
position assigned to the white race."
Segregation of education and transportation were in place during Reconstruction due to the
establishment of the Black Codes by Johnson. This occurred because freedman were roaming the
streets and out of work. The Black Codes included a system of apprenticeship that would in the end
just be another name for slavery. Also during reconstruction rule, southern states made laws to
prohibit blacks riding the same train as a white.

Essay On Jim Crow
The negative stance of "separated but equal" laws in the South kept blacks bound to oppression and
despair. In addition, for black communities, separated but equal doctrine, represents bias, racism,
and inequality. Meanwhile, In the eyes of whites, it was considered a crime for blacks to fight for
equality against their former slave owners. Blacks were forced to protest through civil right
movements, demanding equality and justice. The treatment from white southern were so horrific, the
struggle for freedom, claimed many black's lives. But, Supreme Court answered to abolish this
unconstitutional separate but equal doctrine. However, according to the ACLU, this Jim Crow
concept is used among inmates incarcerated in the Los Angeles county jail facilities. The notion that,
these inmates are not willing to integrate among each other is an empirical flawed argument. In the
meantime, a temporal system called TRESS illustrates, the separate but equal, expected to deterrent
violence inmates from destructive behaviors. But in reality, it only recreated a society of racism
within the jail system. These rules are "Jim Crow" old black codes law from the south. Laws
restricted blacks in numerous ways, to ensure that freed blacks would retain the servitude they
experienced under slavery. These legal provisions likewise ensured that blacks would continue to
supply cheap labor and perpetuate white economic domination. Therefore, TRESS is one of the
most modern

Brown V. Board Of Education 347 Us 483
Brown v. Board of Education 347 US 483 (1954) Jim Crow Laws As society changes, laws change
as well to keep up with changes in some cases, the law are for the better of the majority, however,
there have been several laws that have been enacted to impose inequality. On May 17, 1954, the
United States Supreme Court handed down its ruling in the landmark case of Brown v. Board of
Education of Topeka, Kansas. Education of Topeka that Racial education of Topeka that racial
segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. The case was decided on May 17, 1954. In many
parts of the country, especially the South, there were separate public schools for African Americans
and for whites. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously (9–0) that ... Show more content on
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Gebhart were granted certiorari The defendants in the district court decisions appealed directly to
the Supreme Court, while those (a writ for the reexamination of an action of a lower court). Brown
v. Board of Education of Topeka was argued on December 9, 1952; the attorney who argued on
behalf of the plaintiffs was Thurgood Marshall, who later served as an associate justice of the
Supreme Court (1967–91). The case was reargued on December 8, 1953, to address the question of
whether the framers of the Fourteenth Amendment would have understood it to be inconsistent with
racial segregation in public education. The 1954 decision found that the historical evidence bearing
on the issue was inconclusive. Writing for the court, Chief Justice Earl Warren argued that the
question of whether racially segregated public schools were inherently unequal, and thus beyond the
scope of the separate but equal doctrine, could be answered only by considering "the effect of
segregation itself on public education." Citing the Supreme Court's rulings in Sweat v. Painter
(1950), and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education (1950), which recognized
"intangible" inequalities between African American and all–white schools at the graduate

The Road to Brown Reflection Paper
The Road to Brown tells the story of the millions of nameless blacks who faced devastating
hardships caused by Jim Crow, which simply robbed them of the rights granted by the 14th and 15th
Amendments. Under the "separate but equal" doctrine of the Supreme Court's 1896 Plessy v.
Ferguson decision, black citizens were denied the right to vote, to attend white schools, to be buried
in white cemeteries, etc. Those who objected were liable to be lynched. The era of Jim Crow
provoked men such as, Charles Houston to fight back for those who were unable. Charles Hamilton
Houston, "the man who killed Jim Crow", grew up during the Jim Crow Era and devoted his entire
life trying to destroy it. Houston came from a privileged background in regards ... Show more
Painter and McLaurin v. Oklahoma, brought Jim Crow to trial once again. The Sweatt v. Painter
case involved a black man by the name of Heman Marion Sweatt, who was refused admission to the
University of Texas Law School. When Sweatt asked the state courts to order his admission, the
university attempted to provide separate but equal facilities for black law students by creating a
completely new school. The case was brought to the Supreme Court and served as an influential
landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education years later. Another Supreme Court case was
McLaurin v. Oklahoma, which denied George W. McLaurin admission to the University of
Oklahoma graduate program in education. However, they were not allowed to deny McLaurin a
place in the school but tried to segregate him on campus. He had to sit by himself in a separate
section of the classroom, sit at a separate desk in the library, and sit at a different table from the rest
of the students in the cafeteria. Fortunately, all of these cases put segregation to trial. Just two years
after the death of Charles Houston, segregation/Jim Crow was finally put to the test in the historic
case of Brown v. Board of Education. The case began when Reverend Brown and various NAACP
members fought to put their children in the close white schools, which led to Brown v. Board of
Education. On December 9, 1952, the case was in effect and for seventeen months segregation hung
in the balance.

Racial Pregregation In America's Case : Plessy Vs....
June, 1892, Homer A. Plessy was arrested and jailed for boarding a car that was intended to seat
white patrons only. He was a mix of two races, white and black. Plessy was 7/8ths white and only a
meager 1/8th black. He was allowed to ride in his cart until he made his race known to the
conductor, who then asked him to move to the cars for black patrons. When Plessy refused, the
conductor had him arrested. On May 18, 1896 in a 7–1 decision, the policy of "separate but equal"
was declared constitutional and enacted. This policy of segregation lasted almost 60 years until
Brown vs. Board overturned the law, announcing it to be unconstitutional in 1954. The outcome of
Plessy vs. Ferguson welded segregation into law, ultimately resulting in the perpetuation of pre–
existing divisions in America.
When the Plessy vs. Ferguson case was in progress, some whites began to feel a sense of superiority
over colored persons, while others believed that in order to keep America's goals of liberty and
equality that there could be no superior race. As these feelings arose, many began to take action.
Republicans in the north stated "weakening African American rights in the antebellum south helped
to foster racial separation" (Lerner 304) in addition, there was a notable increase in acts of race–
baited violence. This also lead to white supremacists taking steps to undo the achievements and
progress towards racial equality that were made during the Reconstruction Era. Among many, the
most

Persuasive Essay On Civil Rights
As Justice Henry Brown once said, "the object of the 14th amendment was undoubtedly to enforce
the absolute equality of the two races", but racial segregation was a key point in these cases. Plessy
v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education are two major cases in the United States that inspired
the movement of civil rights for African Americans. In 1896 Homer Plessy fought for his 13th and
14th amendments. While in 1952, Linda Brown argued that segregated schools violated the 14th
amendment. The 14th amendment states "nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or
property without due process; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of
laws" (Plessy). Meaning that everyone is equal and everyone shall be treated equal by law. So, due
to their rights Plessy and Brown took their cases to court. First, the case of Plessy v. Ferguson. In
1892, Homer Plessy a resident of Louisiana, decided to challenge a Louisiana law requiring
segregation on rail cars by buying a ticket and sitting in the "whites only" car. Plessy was one eighth
black and was arrested for refusing to leave the vehicle. The 1890 Separate Car Act of Louisiana
required "railway companies carrying passengers in their coaches in that state, to provide equal, but
separate accommodations for the white and colored races" (Plessy). The meaning of this is that
everyone was required to be treated equally, but there was the separation of blacks and whites in
these rail cars and if

Separate Juvenile Justice System
To answer the research question whether waiver laws are consistent with the purpose of having a
separate juvenile justice system, the research suggests that the answer is no. Primarily, they are not
consistent with the, "best interest of the child" mantra that shaped the juvenile justice system
(Flesch, 2004). It seems that prosecutorial and executive waiver laws are not consistent with the
Supreme Courts decision to safe guard the child and society by ensuring that each child has a waiver
hearing that accurately accesses the child's ability to be rehabilitated by the juvenile justice system
(McMillin, 2014). Instead, the waiver has been used as a vacuum to suck up non violent and violent
offenders that would be better suited to stay in the

The Pros And Cons Of Racial Ragregation
In the United States, racial segregation has been a controversial issue throughout the years. The
colored and the white were separated not only in residential regions but also in educational systems.
Students were unable to attend their prefered school due to the color of their skin. The fight for
equality was difficult to achieve, but cases such as the Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of
Education pushed for the equality of all men and women. These cases were not the only factors for
racial equality. Novels, such as To Kill a Mockingbird, aided the push for equality as it made the
audience aware of the inequality put upon colored men and women. The idea of one race being
superior to the other still exists. Although the common world may not think of it, racial prejudice is
a common issue. There are many towns that continue to be segregated due to the societal views on
race. To this day, the concept of "separate but equal" is continued rather than alleviating the
problems of prejudice.
One of the first steps to creating an equal life for the colored was the Jim Crow Laws. "The laws
affected almost every aspect of daily life, mandating segregation of schools, parks, libraries,
drinking fountains, restrooms, buses, trains, and restaurants. "Whites Only" and "Colored" signs
were constant reminders of the enforced racial order" ("After"). Signs for restrooms, schools, parks,
and other day to day activities were put up to dissociate the white and colored. Theoretically, the

Free Speech Importance
The right to free speech is deemed important in the lives of many people. This importance of the
right to free speech does not only apply democratic countries such as the United States of America,
but also for the people fighting to have their voices heard. There are many places within our world
where people do not have the right to share their own voice and ideas. Throughout the world,
people's voices are oppressed and silenced simply because their ideas may differ from the rules of
the powerful. Although a power may claim that their people are without a voice, many still stand up
and make their voices heard to bring change to the lives of not only themselves, but also the lives of
others. The use of speech has the power to unify and bring change throughout the world. The United
States of America was built upon this need for change, seeking freedom from whom they believed
oppressed them. This importance of the right to free speech is seen within the first American
Amendment. The First Amendment protects "religion, speech, the press, assembly, and petition".
The First Amendment protects the American people, allowing for the expression of all ideas and
opinions without the risk of being silenced. The right to free speech within the First Amendment
"protects our liberty both to express and be exposed to ideas and opinions, especially unpopular one.
It covers all forms of communication". This protection of the free right of speech is what makes the
United States and other countries like it special. People have the right and the opportunity to express
their own ideas, even when they are unpopular. Through the freedom of speech, the American
people have been given a power that not every person has. The American people have been given
the power to invoke change in an imperfect world. Free speech has allowed the people to reshape
the United States for both the better and the worse. The purpose of this research paper is to argue
that the right to free speech has governed who gets to exercise American citizenship over time. The
right to free speech has shaped the United States, influencing who has the right to exercise true
American citizenship. A prime example of the power that free speech has had over shaping a

Plessy V. Ferguson & Brown V Board Of Education
Nicholas Tovar
Mrs. Holt
Legal Systems
02 October 2017
Unit 1 Essay: Plessy v. Ferguson & Brown v. Board of Education The landmark power known as
judicial review has had many lasting effects on laws known as precedents, from permitting the
separation of two races to requiring that all defendants receive attorneys. Precedents regard racial
segregation are the basis of what the cases Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education
established when viewed as two components of one story. Plessy v. Ferguson resulted in the
"separate, but equal" doctrine allowing African Americans and white Americans to stay separate.
Brown v. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Board of Education, resulted in the overturning of the "separate, but equal" doctrine under the
realization that separation is what took away the equality. In the early 1950s, schools in Topeka,
Kansas segregated people by race, leaving Linda Brown and her sister to walk through a hazardous
railroad switchyard to get to the bus stop for their school. There was a school closer to where they
lived, however, it was an all white school. Linda and her family saw the segregation systems as a
violation of the Fourteenth Amendment and took it to court. Federal district courts claimed the
segregation was harmful to African American youths, however due to the similar qualities the all–
black and all–white schools shared, it was deemed fully constitutional under the "separate, but
equal" doctrine. The case was taken to the Supreme Court and the court expressed that even though
the schools shared similar facilities, segregated schools could never be equal. As such, the "separate,
but equal" doctrine was overruled as it violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth
Amendment. This decision resulted in the precedent that any laws that segregated people, no matter
how similar their facilities may be, was unconstitutional.(Paraphrased from www.streetlaw.org) One
way the two cases are linked is through their subject matter; that being segregation and racial
discrimination. An article written by Alex

Brown V. The Board Of Education
Brown v. The Board of Education Topeka, Kansas, 1950, a young African–American girl named
Linda Brown had to walk a mile to get to her school, crossing a railroad switchyard. She lived seven
blocks from an all white school. Linda's father, Oliver, tried to enroll her into the all white school.
The school denied her because of the color of her skin. Segregation was widespread throughout our
nation. Blacks believed that the "separate but equal" saying was false. They felt that whites had
more educational opportunities. Mr. Brown, along with the NAACP and many civic leaders, fought
for equal educational rights for all races. Brown v. The Board of Education case and the events
leading up to it had a positive effect on education and society. Community events in our country
leading up to the Brown v. The Board of Education case were segregated. The Plessy v. Ferguson
decision of 1896 made segregation stronger with the "separate but equal" doctrine. Blacks and
whites are separated in all areas of society, including education("Supreme Court Decisions").
Segregation in schools existed throughout the nation. While segregated schools were legal, they
were never equal(Walker). There was a lack of educational and equal rights in African–American
communist(Walker). By the 1950's, the African–American communities were fed–up with not
having the same educational rights and opportunities as white americans. An African–American
team, lead by Thurgood Marshall, won several cases involving

Plessy Vs Ferguson Analysis
1. Plessy v. Ferguson was decided after a period of time where African Americans were granted
more rights and freedoms under the law. During Reconstruction (1865–1877), African Americans
were allowed to hold public office and vote. Some areas of the South had African American
communities that were economically sufficient. After reconstruction ended, the "white man's
government" resumed upon the withdrawal of Northern troops and the assistance of the Freedmen's
Bureau. Jim Crow laws were passed that placed African Americans in a second class citizenship.
This "flip–flop" between no rights (slavery), Reconstruction era rights, and no rights again (Jim
Crow) is justifiably frustrating.
The frustration with "separate but equal" 1896 continued until 1954 when the Brown v. BOE. 1954
marks the beginning of the contemporary Civil Rights Movement. During this time conditions in the
South had come to the point of "separate but equal" was blatantly not equal and social justice
organizations like the NAACP were pushing harder for justice not only with segregation but all
aspects of injustice in American life. There hadn't been a legitimate enforcement of the equal
protection clause of the 14th amendment in the South for over 77 ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Law and the implication of justice are not out of the reach of everchanging societal conditions. The
changing racial climate of both years did affect the court's decisions. Both cases have an argument
grounded in the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment. Is the required use of separate
facilities by members of different races in violation of the 14th amendment of the US Constitution?
African Americans in 1896 were not seen as full citizens but as second class citizens whose facilities
should reflect their second class status. Simply put, the court rationalized the constitutionality of
"separate but equal by saying that legislation cannot change public perception and that the state had
power to do what is best for public

Plessy V. Ferguson Case
The Plessy v. Ferguson case generated nationwide contention in the United States exclusively
because the outcome would decisively affect every citizen in the country. This case was the spark
that ignited the flame in our nation that led to the desegregation of schools. Plessy vs. Ferguson
elucidated the racial inequality evident in the educational system at that time and brought to light the
standard of the 'separate but equal' and how it affected both races. The struggle to achieve equality
was made even more difficult by the legislation of racism in the Plessy v Ferguson case.
The Plessy v. Ferguson case is a very important part of our history. This 1896 U.S. Supreme Court
case endorsed the legalization of segregation under the doctrine ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Ferguson because of the many protests that occurred. Groups of white people protested that the
segregation laws should remain the same and that they shouldn't be changed. Even after the Plessy v.
Ferguson case, the doctrine 'separate but equal' has been marked throughout history.
Even after the Plessy v. Ferguson case, there were many examples of post racism that occurred
throughout history. In fact, there were so many events going on that an author even used examples
of racism and the events that were happening in the world in her book. An author named Harper Lee
wrote a book called To Kill A Mockingbird. The book was set in the 1930's and during that time,
racism was very strong. During this time, the Jim Crow laws and the Ku Klux Klan were a big part
of the racial activity going on during the 1930's. In To Kill A Mockingbird, there many example that
showed great amounts of racism and the doctrine 'separate but equal.' Some of these examples
include, the Tom Robinson case and how the book shows the separation of African Americans and
whites in many places. The Tom Robinson case shows a great example of 'separate but equal.' In the
book, Tom Robinson is falsely accused for raping a white woman. Throughout the court case, Tom
was told that he was guilty numerous times just because he was black. During the court case, Atticus
says, "Which, gentleman, we know is in itself a lie as black as Tom Robinson's skin, a lie I do not

The Case Of Plessy V. Ferguson
Segregation is the enforced separation of different racial groups in a country, community, or
establishment. During segregation people of different races had to ride in different rail cars and
attended separate schools. In two cases, Plessy V. Ferguson and Brown V. Bored of Education, the
Fourteenth Amendment was argued. The outcome of these two court cases effected African
Americans and their fight against segregation. These two court case are similar in their fight for a
cause because they challenged the meaning of the same law, but different in their outcome. The
precedent "separate but equal" comes from the case Plessy v. Ferguson. This case had a big effect on
America. The term "separate but equal" means that segregation was ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
" Cited in "Key Excerpts from the Dissenting Opinion" landmarkcases.org. The court had also stated
that the fourteenth amendment dealt with legal equality not social equality. These statements are
talking about how no rights were taken away from the Separate Cars Act so the act of segregation
was legal. Judge Harlan wrote the minority 's opinion stating "But it is difficult to reconcile that
boast with the state of the law which, practically, puts the brand of servitude and degradation upon a
large class of our fellow citizens, our equals before the law. Judge Harlan had also stated "The thin
disguise of "equal" accommodations for passengers in railroad coaches will not mislead anyone, nor
atone for the wrong this day done...." "Judge Harlan 's dissent" chnm.gmu.edu this statement is
talking about how the state of Louisiana was making the Separate Cars Act seem equal when really
the act was degrading to African Americans. This case had set the precedent " separate but equal"
this precedent was used to decide the ruling of many other cases like Brown V. Bored of Education.
The case of Brown V. Bored of Education caused a big change in America's society and how it
functions today. In the 1950s public schools were segregated by race; there were schools for all–
whites and schools for all–blacks. In Topeka, Kansas, Linda Brown and her sister had to walk
through a dangerous railroad switchyard

Plessy Vs Ferguson
Before 1954, Americans lived "separate, but equal." This practice was legally established in the
1896 Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson, yet it was overturned as unconstitutional by the
Supreme Court almost 60 years later. In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, Plessy v.
Ferguson was overruled. The Court argued that because the separate facilities (in this case, schools)
were not equal, then it was unconstitutional to separate people by race. "...Separate educational
facilities are inherently unequal, ... Any language in Plessy v. Ferguson contrary to this finding is
rejected..." they ruled. As schools began segregating, the Supreme Court had to make sure that a
school system didn't admit a small few and then deny access to a

A Separate Peace By John Knowles: An Analysis
In A Separate Peace, the author John Knowles tells a story of a group of teenagers attending Devon
school. He emphasizes the importance of the group finding themselves before they are drafted into
the Second World War. The events in this novel serve to illustrate the complexity of self–identity
during a time of uncertainty.
Some believe that people during a time of war are more certain of themselves individually.
Components such as knowing where you stand, what side you are on, and how you can help, are
prominent during a time or war. This is due to the underlying unity of people in war. That is why in
A Separate Peace, Gene, Finny, and others came together to join arms and battle for the freedoms of
the United States. Unity is why, people are not certain of themselves they cleave to others for
support and unite. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He became more certain of himself and those around him. It is fascinating to see that there can be a
major change in attitude when so many different perspectives surrounding him influenced how
certain he was of his self. In Birnbaum's "French Rabbis and the 'Sacred Unity' during the First
World War" he demonstrates the importance of a group of people coming together, "in the effort of
patriotic mobilization which brought together all citizens in a rare fervor of unanimity" (47). This
concludes, that there is an importance of togetherness, which is shown through Knowles' work.
These teenagers at Devon were expected to go together into the military to fight in World War II. As
seen again in Birnbaum he shows that this happening to a group of people during WWI "the Jewish
soldiers are duty bound to defend the 'proud tricolor flag'. ... whose principles of liberty, equality and
fraternity" which illustrated the togetherness of another group in another time

A Separate Juvenile Justice System
1. Introduction
The youth in society today are fairly at a disadvantage when it comes to being in a society where
they are prejudged by their immaturity level and tend to make mistakes when mixed in with the
wrong crowd of individuals. The youth form an essential part of any society. The youth are to be
molded to become better adults as they are growing up in society, to become law abiding citizens.
They are to be protected, guided and shielded from the evils of the world. There is no doubt that
they create one of the most vulnerable and defenseless persons of our society.
A separate juvenile justice system was established in the United States about 100 years ago with the
goal of diverting youthful offenders from the destructive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The text states that Hirchi's general theory, in this theory where crime is crime opportunity, which is
a function of the structural or situational circumstances encountered by the individual (Bartollas &
Miller, 2014, p 62).
Programs are developed to address particular problems or needs. In juvenile justice programming,
these problems or needs are related to the prevention, reduction, and elimination of delinquent
behavior. Juvenile justice programs are developed to reduce delinquency or to affect attitudes and
behaviors that are related to delinquency. For example, a program's purpose might be to reduce risk
factors believed to be associated with delinquency, such as poor school performance or lack of
conflict resolution skills. There are many ways in which problems related to juveniles and
delinquency may come to the attention of the community
1. RECOMMENDATIONS
Recommendations are made for a more purposeful juvenile justice system.
1. Collective responsibility
There is a duty on everyone to ensure the proper development, the promotion and protection and
welfare of the child. This function should not and must not be left to a group of people or section of
the society, but it is the collective responsibility of all.
1. Parental involvement in Juvenile system
Parenting process includes protecting, nourishing and guiding the child. It involves a series of
interaction between the parent and the child through the life span.[55] In particular, the law should

The, Liberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness
"We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by
their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of
happiness." These words represent the ideals of our country, but at the time that they were written,
life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness were withheld from many members of american society.
Racism, the belief that the physical appearance of a person or group determines their capabilities
and that one group is naturally superior to others, has deep roots in our countries history, and the
struggle against it continues to this day. Since colonists first arrived in the western hemisphere,
African Americans have been defined as a weaker, less intelligent class of beings, and this definition
allowed them to be treated as property and used as a free labor source throughout the continent. The
prejudices born during the time of slavery, left deep scars in the social landscape of the United
States, and though slavery was abolished after the civil war, African americans were still treated as a
lower caste, less than human. Over the years, laws guaranteeing and withholding rights have come
and gone, but the societal construct of racism endured in the american psyche.
After the civil war, hopes for reform were high, the north essentially had carte blanche to reshape
the decimated south as it saw fit. The thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth amendments were ratified
abolishing

The, Segregation, And The Segregation Of The...
Separate but not Equal
Through the duration of time, segregation has played a consequential role in
history. The color of a person's skin has been a deciding factor on the amount of respect
they receive, the level of their education, where they participate in certain activities, and
the quality of their job. This has not only been evident in earlier times, but in current
times as well. The struggle to achieve equality was made even more difficult by the
legislation of racism in the Plessy v. Ferguson case.
In the 1950s, after the dispersion of the Reconstruction era, the Jim Crow laws
were created. A Jim Crow law was any law that enforced racial segregation in the
South. Part of the development of the Jim Crow laws was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The aftermath of the Plessy v Ferguson trial and how racism continued to be
exceedingly relevant is a predominant idea demonstrated throughout To Kill a
Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Atticus Finch states, "There's something in our world that
makes men lose their heads––they couldn't be fair if they tried. In our courts, when it's a
white man's word against a black man's, the white man always wins. They're ugly, but
those are the facts of life" (Lee This justifies that Plessy v. Ferguson made the races
separate, but it did not make them equal. In 2012, there was a murder case that also
shows how inequality between the races is still present today. On February 26,

African–American teen, Trayvon Martin, was on his way home from a convenience store
when he fatally shot on by 28–year–old neighborhood watch volunteer, George
Zimmerman. Zimmerman claimed that the teen looked suspicious and that the gunfire
was an act of self–defense. After the police further questioned Zimmerman, they decided
not to arrest him, which later raised some concern with Martin's parents. "Protest rallies
were held in cities nationwide, including New York City, where on March 21 hundreds of
people gathered for the Million Hoodie March and demanded justice for Martin, who
many believed Zimmerman had profiled as suspicious and threatening simply because
the teen was black." This verifies that the public understood that

The 13th Amendment
After the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 and the ensuing American Civil War all states where
forced to ratify the thirteenth amendment which abolished slavery "within the United States, or any
place subject to their jurisdiction." In 1870 the fifteenth amendment was passed making it
unconstitutional to prohibit voters "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
While the thirteenth and fifteenth amendments made it constitution for African Americans to vote it
did not prohibit states from implementing obstructions at voting booths such as poll taxes, literacy
test, lineage tracking, and other qualifications. While Plessy v. Ferguson established the separate but
equal doctrine which is described as "racially segregated but ostensibly ensuring equal opportunities
to all races." The established doctrine of Separate but Equal was never enforced, and the cries of the
neglected fell upon deaf ears until 1954, 58 years after a virtual caste system was established in the
Nation of "freedom and equal opportunity" segregating everything from schools to bathrooms
because of the color of your skin. After the Separate Car Act of 1890 passed in the State of
Louisiana which required separate railway cars for blacks and whites a man of mixed race who was
seven eighths of European decent and of one eighth African descent purchased a first class ticket,
and upon taking his seat was once asked to move to the black only car, then was arrested for
violating the separate car act, Plessy's side argued that the Seperate Car Act had violated his
thirteenth and fourteenth amendment rights. Judge Ferguson found Plessy to be guilty, and the
Louisiana Supreme Court upheld his decision with the intention that it was the rights of the state to
regulate railroad companies within the state. "...The law regards man as man, and takes no account
of his surroundings or of his color when his civil rights as guarantied by the supreme law of the land
are involved." ― John Marshall Harlan the "Great Dissenter" Justice Harlan was the single dissenter
that believed the Seperate but equal doctrine was unconstitutional and that the segregation of people
because of their race was contradictory to the law. The Supreme Court's

Brown Of V Education Case Study
African American have always been inferior to white Americans simply because whites were so
oppressed by African Americans and their abilities. Since whites has such strong hatred towards the
African American race mostly everything was segregated from bathrooms, water fountains, and
even school systems. Whites did not want to share anything with people they did not considered
human beings. African Americans faced many hardships while trying to get an education during the
early 1900s because of the separated but equal law that was created. Linda Brown, a young African
American third grader, was very determined for her education that she walked a mile to her all black
elementary school. Furious with the way that African Americans children were treated, Oliver
Brown did the unthinkable which had one of the biggest impact in history. The creation of the
Brown of v. Education case showcase the hardships African American face by challenging the U.S.
Supreme court due to the Fourteenth Amendment. During this time, it was uncommon for African
Americans to be seen in the same building as whites without them being attacked. Linda's father,
Oliver Brown, wanted what was best for his daughter so he tried enrolling her into the all–white
school which was only seven blocks away from their home. Brown's admission into the school was
rejected because she was a young black African American student and that simply was out of their
comfort zone to accept her as a student. Upset from their

Brown Vs. Board Of Education
Brown vs. Board of Education (1954) was a landmark Supreme Court Case that overturned the
separate but equal ideology established by the earlier Supreme Court Case Plessy vs. Ferguson
(1896). The Plessy vs. Ferguson court case had a profound affect on the social interaction of racial
groups in the late 19th to early 20th century causing tension between the two most prominent races
within the United States, the Caucasians and the African Americans, which included Hispanics and
other non–white citizens. The Supreme Court Case Brown vs. Board of Education eradicated legal
racial discrimination given to the state government by the implementation of Jim Crow Law in
schools and public settings leading to the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement which fought to
put an end to the white supremacy and give all people especially those of color equal rights and
protection under a court of law and in the eyes of government. Brown vs. Board of Education started
off as a small court case fought by the parents of Linda Brown who was an eight year old girl that
couldn 't attend a school of her parents choosing due to her race. With the help and support of an
NAACP (National Association For the Advancement of Colored People) lawyer Thurgood Marshall,
the court case was able to gain news coverage and later appeal to the Supreme Court. Going up
against the lower courts, appeals courts and later on Supreme Court was of course difficult but the
NAACP lawyers were able to build a strong

The Controversial Supreme Court Case Of Brown V. Board Of...
Throughout the history of America issues around race have brought great debate and augments.
Being a nation birthed from ideals of freedom and undeniable human rights, America has failed in
being truthful to its founding. The treatment of African–American is an atrocity that stains the
history of our nation's past. Steps have been made to heal the injustice, but they are just steps. In this
essay, I will be discussing school desegregation focusing on the landmark and controversial
Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education and the effect is had on the nation and even the
world. Many people ignore the fact school segregation has not been fixed. The Supreme Court case
of Brown v. Board of Education is just something people learn in their social studies class. Most
think this case was the end of the story and schools were desegregated and everything was happily
ever after, but this is sadly not the reality. The reality is Brown has failed us. The effects can be seen
in the schools of today in many American cities but in this essay, I will use the case of the Twin
Cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul to illustrate the massive shortcomings of this ruling today. The
story of school desegregation in the United States started with a civil action lawsuit raised in the
first district court of Kanas on June 10, 1951. Mr. Oliver Brown brought his complaint to the Board
of Education of Topeka. The complaint was simple, "[the] plaintiffs were being deprived of the
equal protection

Africentric Alternative School Case Study
The expression "separate but equal, " is the philosophy in which was the foundation of racial
segregation in the late 19th and 20th centuries and is commonly referred to the Brown v. Board of
Education case. "Separate but equal" is the process of granting all citizens of the state the same
rights and freedoms but finding ways around the law that would allow racial discrimination to be
applied in all situations. However, "separate but equal" is not always a problematic circumstance, as
the Africentric Alternative School located in Toronto Ontario is an institution that was developed in
order to cease the trend of African descent students dropping out of school. This institution is not an
issue of segregation of African children as all races and religions are allowed to ... Show more
Retrieved from http://schoolweb.tdsb.on.ca/africentricschool/PrincipalsMessage.aspx). The principal
of the school clearly states that all students will receive the same education that the Toronto School
Board required. The only difference is the school includes more African based lessons within the
curriculum. The school may be "separate" or different from other schools in the Toronto district but
still offer all students the same education and opportunities. Secondly, the Africentric Alternative
School also includes education of African topics to increase the students' pride within themselves.
The school believes that if the students have a greater knowledge of their background, they will that
will be able to have more respect and diligence for their present and future. Canadian history and
other essential topics required by the Ontario School Board are included within the curriculum, thus
proving to not be problematic as all students' history backgrounds are being taught. Furthermore,
there were two overall reasons for why the school was created for the intent of educating minority
students and not for whites. Current scholars and researchers of education within the

Brown V. Board Of Education
Brown vs. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of education case took place in 1954. It is one of the most important cases in the
American history of racial prejudice. The U.S. Supreme Court recognized separate schools for
blacks and whites unconstitutional. This decision became an important event of struggle against
racial segregation in the United States. The Brown case proved that there is no way a separation on
the base of race to be in a democratic society.
Brown v. Board of education is not a case just about education and children, it is a case of
everybody being equal. Brown v. Board of Education was a beginning for American people to
understand that separate but equal is not the same. The Brown case revealed this. It was the reason
why blacks and whites do not have separate accomodations any more. Separate and equal does not
exist any more, Brown v. Board of eduacation made everyone equal.
The first case in which African American challenged the doctrine of separate but equal in the United
States public education system was in Boston Massachusetts in 1849. Prior to Brown v. Board
(1954), from 1881 to 1949 there were eleven cases initiated to try an integrate schools in Kansas.
The schools that the African American children attended were not equal to their white counterparts.
Most of the time the African American students had to travel farther than white students to get to
their schools. The schools for African Americans were run down

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