1. Made by-Teena
Roll no -5
Submitted to-Dr.sulekha Chahal
BIOTECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY.
2. PCD responsible for balancing cell proliferation and
maintaining constant cell no. in tissue.
•About 1011 blood cells eliminated daily
•Provides defense mechanism by which damaged and
dangerous cells can be eliminated.eg virus infected cells
•DNA damage also induce cell death
•It eliminates unwanted cell from tissue during development
eg,in amphibians there is elimination of tissue between digits
and elimination of larval tissue
•In mammalian cell about 50% neurons are eliminated
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8. 1. Chromosomal DNA
2. Fragmentation
3. Nucleosome cleavage
4. Chromatin condensation
5. Nucleus breaks into small pieces
6. Cell shrinks and break into membrane
enclosed fragments called apoptotic
bodies.
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12. STUDY OF C.ELEGANS
Robert identified 3 genes that regulate and execute
apoptosis
In 1986 mutagenesis of C.Elegans identified 2 genes
ced3 and ced4
3rd gene ced9 is negative regulator of apoptosis
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30. TAG 1 induced apoptosis-related gene
expression without tiggering apoptosis in
glioma cells
Micro RNA 29 molecule makes brain cells
resistant to programmed cell death
Researchers develop highly specific apoptosis
assay for pharmacodyanamic analysis of
tumour specimens
Role of protein in initiation of apoptosis in
melanoma
Drugs fighting aginst apoptosis evasion in
cancer