The Legacy Of Residential Schools

The Legacy Of Residential Schools
The legacy that residential schools left behind in Canada was not a positive one. Residential schools,
up until the day that the last one closed in 1996, were supported and funded by the Canadian
government. The aboriginals who attended these schools were treated unethically, and, as a result,
the Aboriginals had many bitter feelings of resentment towards everyone else living in Canada. The
immoral treatment of the First Nations people by the Canadian government severely impacted
relations between Canadians and Aboriginals. The severe short and long term effects of the
residential school system on Aboriginals in Canada, along with the fact that there was no apology
for the government's corrupt treatment of the First Nations people until mid–2008 taught Canadians
about respect for foreign cultures and how to treat others equally.
What are residential schools? Residential schools were schools that were subsidized by the
Canadian government that had a main goal of assimilating Aboriginal children into Canadian
culture. The first residential schools were established in New France, however the word residential
schools refers to the schools that were founded in Canada after 1880. The primary intent of early
residential schools in New France, which were originally ran by Catholic missionaries, was to help
educate and look after the Aboriginal children. 1 These residential schools were not very successful
because the Aboriginals refused to partake in these schools as they were
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The Indian Act Was Enacted In 1867 By Parliament Of Canada
The Indian Act was enacted in 1867 by the Parliament of Canada. The Department of Aboriginal
Affairs and Northern Development administered the act. The act defines who an "Indian" is and the
legal rights of the Aboriginal people in Canada. Regulation of the economic system between
aboriginal people and the government of Canada is included in the Indian Act. It also includes the
power the ministers have on the aboriginal people including children and disabled Aboriginals. If
the laws are not obeyed, the punishment is written in the act. The Indian Act was influenced by the
legislative foundation of the Royal Proclamation, 1763, which recognized Aboriginals as a distinct
political unit (Residential schools). The Royal Proclamation, 1763, thought that it was their duty to
protect the Aboriginal people from the Canadian society. The Royal Proclamation, 1763, had the
responsibility for Aboriginal affairs in Canada with British imperial authorities. However, by the
mid–1800s Britain began to transfer this responsibility to Canadian colonies. Then the Canadian
authorities passed the First Indian Act. Over the years many amendments have been made to the
Indian Act.The Indian act passed out a law that any children under the ages of 16 had to study at
Residential schools (Residential schools), the children there were physically abused, especially girls.
(Churchill, 55–56). The Indian act is significant today because on June, 11 2008, Prime Minister
Stephen Harper, on behalf of the

Can a Native State Exist Within a Canadian State
Political Scientists, Thomas Flanagan and Roger Townshend explain the key to the big question:
"Can a Native State Exist Within a Canadian State?" in the readings: "The Case for Native
Sovereignty" and "Native Sovereignty: Does Anyone Really Want an Aboriginal Archipelago?". The
essay will outline and provide evidence to both sides, whether there could or could not exist a
Native State in Canada. The document will argue that Natives are not organized enough to form
their own government. Throughout the decades, Natives have agonized many savageries at the
hands of the European settlers. The essay will take Flanagan's side with the belief that Natives
should not be sovereign, using the textbooks "Principles of Comparative Politics", and ... Show
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This would gradually abolish the Native rituals, religions, languages and traditions. Non–Native
children had been separated from Native schools to regular English schools. They were not allowed
to practice their traditions, religions or language. They have been pushed away from their society
and that caused physical, sexual and emotional assault. Hunting rights were limited and the
environment of Natives and that has been affected by expansion events. One of the reasons why
Aboriginals are in jeopardy is caused by Canadian societies, which are outside their reserves. When
they want to participate and interact with non–Natives, they are being suppressed.
On the reserves, there is a lack of education and Natives are forced to move from place to place to
find a job and live a stable life – something that their reserve cannot provide. In the history of
Canada, before the Europeans have arrived to the North America, the Aboriginals struggled with
their individual form of government with a steady economy. Hence the fact, if the country were to
allow them to form their own government, they would be able to create and keep their sovereignty.
Within past, the Natives became familiar of using the easiest style of society, called a hunter–
gatherer society. Using this out–of–date form of civilization they were repetitively considering for
new regimes and food. Accordingly, they were being forced to endlessly travel from momentary
reserves.

English Imperialism In Canada
I agree that English has acted as an imperialistic, invasive subversion force on the Native People in
Canada. In my opinion, it was a perfect example of linguistic chauvinism. I believe that to destroy
one's culture and political integrity, language plays a critical role in accomplishing it.However, the
Canadian government took this into consideration and implemented harsh policies towards the
aboriginal people of Canada. The Canadian government made it compulsory for Aboriginal children
between the age of 4 and 16 years to attend the Indian Residential Schools. However, within the
Indian Residential Schools it was made mandatory to speak English. As mention in David Cooke,
(1988) "Ties that Constrict English as a Trojan Horse" article that ... Show more content on
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CBC News. Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/a–history–of–residential–schools–in–
canada–1.702280
Not only things that happened in Indian Residential School affected Aboriginal culture. However,
English as a whole had an adverse and positive effect. As seen in the story of Roach Carrier." A
Secret Lost in the Water." The writer himself did not found his culture and old traditions more
fascinating, but he preferred to learn English. This, however, had negative and positive effects. The
negative aspect was that as he got more interested in learning English he could not develop a
stronger bond with his father. Neither he was able to acquire knowledge regarding his ancient
tradition that was finding water underneath the land. However, the positive aspects were that as the
writer became more interested in learning English. Which eventually provided the author an
opportunity to study in different schools, he even became a successful person as he wrote so many
books that would eventually help the future generations as well.
Carrier, R. (1980). A Secret Lost in Water. Sheila Fischman (Trans.), The Hockey Sweater and Other
Stories.

Canada 's Human Development Index
Canada is viewed internationally as one of the best nations to live in. Canada was recognized in the
Human Development Index report created by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
in July 2014 for being in the top 10 countries internationally. According to the UNDP, the Human
Development Index "is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human
development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and have a decent standard of living
(UNDP, 2014)". Furthermore, in regards to human rights, the Human Right Watch asserts that
"Canada ...[has] a global reputation as a defender of human rights at home and abroad [with] a solid
record on core civil and political right protections and a generally progressives approach to
economic and social rights ( HRW, 2015)". With this internationally recognized status, many flock
to Canada seeking refuge due to being victims of human right abuses in their home countries or
apply to immigrate to Canada for the better standard of socio– economic conditions then what they
experienced in their home countries. Ironically, while many seek a path into Canada for a better life,
the aboriginal population suffers at the hands of the Canadian government.
The mistreatment of the Aboriginal population in Canada can historically be dated back to when the
first ship arrived during the colonial expansion of the British empire. As Canada grew its nation and
population, the maltreatment of aboriginals grew with it. For over a

How Do Residential Schools Affect First Nations
Not many people are aware of how residential schools have affected First Nations people in Canada.
These Christian boarding schools, which were government–sponsored and aimed at assimilating
Indigenous children, have deeply impacted the native population; and descendants of residential
school survivors share the same burdens as their ancestors, even though they didn't attend the
schools themselves. Because of residential schools, domestic abuse and violence is more frequent
within families, many have poor mental health and live in poverty, and finally, many of them are
unable or unwilling to teach their children native languages or other aspects of their culture.
Firstly, domestic abuse and violence is more frequent within families because several generations of
children have grown up without a nurturing family life. As a result, when they become adults, many
of them lack adequate parenting skills, and since they had only experienced abuse as a child, they
start abusing their own children and family members. Hence, the high rate of violence and abuse
among Aboriginal families often causes this vicious cycle to continue over generations. According
to the Manitoba Justice Institute, residential schools are the main ... Show more content on
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This has resulted in high rates of alcoholism and substance abuse among First Nations people.
Statistics have also shown that aboriginal people in Canada have higher mortality rates, higher rates
of disease, higher rates of accidental deaths and much higher rates of suicide than the rest of the
Canadian population. In Canada, suicide and self–inflicted injury is the number one cause of death
among natives aged 10 to 44. Additionally, native women attempt suicide eight times more often
than other Canadian women, and native men attempt suicide five times more often than other
Canadian

John A. Macdonald Research Paper
Renaming schools named John A. Macdonald Today's issue with schools named after our first prime
minister, John A. Macdonald may not be worth doing something about but maybe having a good
discussion about. Changing the names of monuments and things named after historical figures from
the past because of racism is not ideal because of how things were and how people thought in the
past which cannot be judged by our present eyes but maybe, the reasons for their wrongdoings could
be well understood now for humanity to never make the same mistakes and move forward into a
better future where our past is understood and respected but also seen both the good way and the bad
way. In the past 2 months, teachers in Ontario have started to ask and debate for the schools named
after John A. Macdonald to be renamed because of how racist he was towards the aboriginal people.
Although he may have been very racist, thoughts and actions from the past are not right seen with
our present mind. Additionally, John A. Macdonald, our first and third prime minister and the one
who led Canada to the confederation, was the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Macdonald went through different times where the normal was different and so was the extreme and
you could say he was extreme in his doings and, his mistakes may even outweigh his right decisions
but it is not worth the time and money to try in change the past by renaming schools. It was even
stated by Sen. Murray Sinclair that "It is probably a fight, had I been asked, I would have said to
avoid it." and said by Justin Trudeau that "there are no plans by the federal government to change
the name John A. Macdonald off of anything in our responsibility." because although teachers and
even some historians may say "Sir John A. doesn't need a school named after him to have his cruel
legacy marked. He lives on in indigenous pain."(Jago), it is not all about the pain caused or mistakes
done but also the right decisions and the history of Canada which can never be

Development Of The Residential School System
"I just don't like to talk about it or even think about it. Sometimes when I am by myself, doing
beadwork or something. I stop all the sudden and tears just start coming down"
: A quote from Aggie George recalling of her experience in the Lejac Indian Residential School
(Legacy of Hope Foundation, 2001). In the 1880s all the way to the 1990's roughly 150,000
aboriginal children where removed from their communities and homes to attend the residential
school system set up by the government and operated by the Christian churches (Government of
Canada, 2015). The purpose of these residential schools was to isolate Aboriginal children from
their families and assimilate them into the dominant culture (First Nations Study Program, 2009). As
the history of the residential school system unfolds it becomes evident that the Canadian
Government attempted to eradicate the Aboriginals culture and lifestyle. The residential school
system was a devastating crime against Aboriginal cultures and has had lasting and debilitating
effects on their populations.
The residential schools were a wide spread school system that was established by the Canadian
government and organized by the Christian churches (Government of Canada, 2015). The goal of
these schools was to educate Aboriginal children in Christianity and to adapt them into mainstream
society. The children in these schools were forced to abandon their heritage, and were separated
from their families. The aboriginal school is system was

Canadian Culture Essay
Each and every one of the world's many nations is unique in its own way. No two nations are the
same in terms of the way they live. Whether it is driving on the right or left side of the road,
pronouncing words a certain way or using hand gestures to communicate different meanings, each
nation of the world has something that allows it to stand out. This uniqueness can come from certain
religions, cultural practices, geography, history or from a multitude of other reasons. Despite this, a
unique nation usually gains its originality and identity from its people. The way the people interact,
live, work, play and have come to exist dictate how others perceive them as a culture. Canada is a
provocative country with a divergent population. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, the discovery of corn in places such as Southern Ontario proved the complexity of
trade routes as corn had originated in Mexico. Also, the Iroquois Constitution written somewhere
around 1400, included rhetoric about land–ownership, freedom of religion and the rights of women.
To quote Dr Poutanen, "Aboriginal peoples before European contact were dynamic, complex, and
culturally rich as well as diverse." . The first Europeans had contact with Aboriginals around 1000
AD with the landing of the Vikings in Newfoundland. However, long–term settlement and
engagement first appeared when Jacques Cartier claimed areas of the St. Lawrence for France in
1534 under Francis I. There were many different types of encounters including contact, collision and
relationship. Initially, settlers and indigenous tribes were peaceful, sharing gifts and culture. As time
progressed however, natives began to lose face with Europeans. Disease burdened the Natives as
their bodies were not immune to European disease. Many thousands of people died and those who
didn't were forced to abide by European rule. Even after fighting hard on the side of the British, the
emergence of new settlers after the War of 1812 pushed Aboriginals to the brink of society. New
settlers needed the land to colonize and farm. Some natives such as Louis Riel tried to resist;
however it was futile. Europeans took control of the land and granted natives only a small portion of
their rightful

Colonialism, Aboriginal People, And Racism In Canada
Colonialism, Aboriginal peoples, and racism in Canada
In this research paper, I will be explaining how western colonialism and racism destroyed the
reputation of aboriginal peoples in Canada. The reason why I chose this topic because it shows the
strong relationship to anthropology and after taking aboriginal studies 30, it also shows that I have a
clear understanding about the history of aboriginal peoples in Canada, the struggles they have been
through over the past decade and the challenges they still face today in modern day society. I'll be
addressing these issues in a couple of paragraphs on the discrimination and the inequalities of these
"minorities" and how they had to assimilate into European culture, leaving their way of life behind
them.
The history of Canada is the era of where colonization all began towards aboriginal peoples. Over
the past decades, aboriginal peoples have been mistreated and misused by the white–Europeans.
They have been oppressed by Canadian society that we are known still by today and continue to live
under racism resulting in gender and class oppression. The history of colonialism has been playing a
big part in the way of how aboriginal people have been constructed and impacted on how aboriginal
people are treated and viewed in Canadian Society. They have been dealing with the struggles,
inequality, and discrimination that we have been putting them through for over three centuries,
we've been also failing them with Canada's racist policies

Aboriginal People In Canada
Since the beginning of our colonial history, Canada's Indigenous people have struggled with racist
legislation and policies designed to terminate their cultural values, rights, and freedoms. From the
Royal Proclamation of 1763 to the recently passed Bill C–51, Canada's Eurocentric federal
government has caused a cultural oppression, and some would even argue, genocide of Canada's
First Nations people (Gray, 2011). Canada's history of discriminatory federal policies have not only
wrought destruction on Indigenous identities all across the country, but they are overwhelmingly
responsible for the disproportionately high rates of violence, crime, poverty, and drug and alcohol
abuse that is so rampant in many First Nations communities (Gray, 2011). ... Show more content on
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Perhaps even more troubling however is the fact that throughout history the Canadian federal
government has deliberately implemented both policies and legislation designed to deny Aboriginal
people their rights to identity, belief, culture, language, and land (Gray, 2011; Sellers, 2013; King,
2012). Because of the lasting legacy of colonization, including historical and current social policies,
white privilege, racism, and Eurocentrism, the state of Indigenous affairs in Canada is indeed a
public, and not a private, individual problem. Unfortunately however, many non–Aboriginal
Canadians harbor the discriminatory and harmful notion that Indigenous issues in Canada are
irrelevant to modern day culture at best and self–inflicted at worst (McCaskill, 2012). Despite our
deeply racist history that has included continual attempts to erase both Aboriginal culture and people
from North America, a startling number of Canadians still believe that the problems faced by
Aboriginal communities today are the result of personal failures, laziness, and personal stupidity
(McCaskill, 2012). Few Canadians are well educated on the state of Aboriginal affairs or public
policy with regards to their wellbeing, and the true history of Aboriginal people in Canada is rarely
mentioned in public school curriculums (Gray,

The Rights Of Aboriginal People In Canada
The acts regarding Aboriginal peoples is a third important aspect of the major terms and conditions
set in the constitution act (1867). Throughout the years, Canada has faced many issues regarding the
rights of Aboriginal People. "As colonization spread across North America, native peoples often
found themselves unwelcome in habitats of their own lands, and Europeans used a combination of
force and peaceful means (eg. treaties) to re–settle natives in reserved areas of land." (McCormack
& Bueckert, 2013). The harsh treatment directed towards the aboriginal people made their lives very
difficult. It's hard to imagine why the people who were in Canada before colonies started to form
would be kicked out of their own land. After many years of this

Aboriginal Inequality
Social Inequality with Canadian Aboriginals
SOC 300
Dr. Kelly Train
Milica Rados
500460778
Different ethnic backgrounds immigrate to Canada making it a very multicultural society.
Immigrants coming to Canada have made it progress to a more multicultural society, making other
nations believe that this is the case, however this does not include native societies that have been
living in Canada for the longest period of time. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how
Aboriginals live in Canada. This paper argues that aboriginals in Canada are not treated with the
same equality as non–aboriginals livening in Canada, even though Canada is known as a
multicultural society. By studying the history of Aboriginal settlement in Canada ... Show more
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They no longer get to own their land but at the same time they have to watch their land being taken
over. Over time this sense of group, or community disappears. Generations can no longer teach
younger generations about the importance of nature and therefore the history is slowly lost. Since
they lost their history and their connection to the land a lot of other parts of their culture and their
beliefs was taken away as well.
The main issue faced was losing a sense of their culture. Canada being a multicultural society,
allows for all people to practice their culture and they have the freedom to believe what they want.
The aboriginals lost that right when their land was taken over. It was lost because they no longer
owned their nature and it was taken over by technology and architecture, making them less united
with the forest and the land that they lived in. By taking over the land they were also forced to have
to change their education. In schools they were no longer allowed to learn Aboriginal culture. In
2002 by studying Canadian schools it was said that as many as 30 percent of elementary students
and 40 percent of high school students did not speak even a little of their Native tongues (Schissel,
2002). The reason that this is the case can be because Aboriginal families stopped practicing their
culture and heritage at home therefore distancing the children from understanding where they came
from. That is not because they no longer

The Influence Of Residential Schools For Aboriginal People...
Residential schools for Aboriginal people in Canada funded by the government were set up to
eliminate parental involvement in the intellectual, cultural, and spiritual development of Aboriginal
children. The continuing influence of residential schools has persisted and led to the continued
existence of social problems. There were many negative effects, they were robbed of their mother
tongue, the residential schools also prohibit the use of their traditions, teachings, and customs.
Children have not seen their families for months or even years.
There are countless abuses in schools, including physical abuse, neglect, abuse and sexual abuse.
Although abuse is targeted at specific individuals, they are part of a larger project aimed at
suppressing

Aboriginal Discrimination And Aboriginal People
Overview
For many centuries the original inhabitants of Canada, the Aboriginals, have suffered at the hands of
the government. From unrightly abducting their land to racial discrimination and forcing them to
comply with Euro–Canadian culture, Indigenous people had every right to be enraged. Indigenous,
or Aboriginal people is a title given to the original settlers and their descendants of North America.
Indians (or First nations), Metis and Inuit, are 3 groups of distinct peoples with unique histories,
languages, cultural practices and spiritual beliefs, and it is unfair to call them one. In Canada today,
more than 1.7 million people identify themselves as an Aboriginal person. Amongst the many first
nations communities here in Canada, The Algonquin people are the most recognized since their
historic land deal with the federal and provincial government back in October 2016. Originally
living in southern Quebec and eastern Ontario, today, Algonquin people have adapted to living in
urban communities across these areas. Due to the changing in lifestyle, aboriginal people have had
to adjust. To them land is much more than something you buy and own, it's the thing that governs
their spirituality intertwining their lives deeply with nature. With a switch in the way they feed
themselves, clothes themselves, and protect themselves, it is destined for them to feel a sense of
emptiness in their hearts. Most of Crown owned land has still to be returned today, and the loss of
their

Essay about Aboriginal People of Canada
Aboriginal people represent less than 3% of the total population in BC. Yet, they account for more
than 9% of all suicides in BC (Chandler). The numbers of suicides amongst aboriginal youth are
even more alarming – nearly one–fourth of all youth suicides in BC are committed by aboriginals
and more than half of all aboriginal suicides are committed by youth (Chandler). The fact that
indigenous communities in Canada have the highest rate of suicide of any culturally identifiable
group in the world implies that these alarming statistics may not solely be a result of aboriginal
communities belonging to a minority cultural group. I will attempt to build a speculative hypothesis
behind the significantly high suicide rates amongst aboriginal ... Show more content on
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This theory predicts that there are two components to suicide. First off, perception of burdening
others and feeling socially alienated combine to result in the desire to die. However, an individual
will not act on this desire unless he/she has developed a capability to do so. Capability to commit
suicide is developed through habituation from overexposure which perhaps desensitizes the
individual to experiences that are painful. This may be vital in allowing the individual to overcome
innate instincts for survival and prepare him/her to act on the desire to die. Aboriginal people in
Canada have undergone tremendous acculturation and marginalization (failing to acquire and value
Aboriginal values and identity, while also failing to identify with the cultural values of the larger
society) which may be responsible in making them perceive themselves as a burden to others and
feel socially alienated. Such feelings, based on the interpersonal–psychological theory, might instil
the desire to die. Habituation and as a result, desensitization to the fear and pain associated with a
suicidal experience, could be occurring due to high rates of suicide in one's community. Thus, the
interpersonal–psychological theory provides some insight into aboriginal suicide. However, the
picture is incomplete as this explanation could be applied to suicide amongst patients

First Nation or Aboriginal People of Canada Essay
Canada is a nation of opportunity and freedom. People from all around the world immigrate to
Canada to start a new life, to get away from war or poverty. Canada opens their arms to them and
accepts them, and gives them money to get them started. But how about those who were here from
the very beginning, before anyone else landed in Canada; the ones that are called First Nation
people, or Aboriginals? What is the government doing for them? Why are First Nations people
suffering the worst in Canada? "55.6% of the poor are aboriginals and a lot of them live in reserves
around Canada that Canadian government have put them in. For those who leave the reserves to get
a better living the suffer from racism from Canadian society" ("Aboriginal"). ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The Europeans grabbed the children from the aboriginal communities and placed them in the school.
The staff at the schools abused the children, physically, mentally, sexually and spiritually. Children
were isolated from influences from their homes, families, traditions and culture" ("Residential").
The lack of acceptance and understanding from the European side caused tremendous pain and
suffering to the aboriginal children in the long run. What the Europeans did was unethical in the
eyes of a Catholic. The golden rule reflects what the Europeans should have done; "Do unto others
as you would have them do unto you" Luke 6:31(Luke). The Europeans should have respected the
Aboriginals and not force them off their land, and change their lifestyle as they probably would not
have liked to be treated in that way as well. Thus, it is clear that the British treated the aboriginals
unethically from the very start when they stepped on the Canadian soil. The Canadian government
has great control of where the aboriginals are situated and what resources and services are made
available to them. In 1876 the Indian act was created by the Canadian government (Indian Act).
"The Indian act is a Canadian federal law that governs and matters pertaining to Indian statuses,
bands, and Indian reserves"(Indian Act). A part of the Indian Act made the government give some
crown land to the Aboriginals; the

The Diversity Of Aboriginal Education
Aboriginal societies have existed for at minimum ten thousand centuries on land that is now Canada.
Numerous aboriginal populations in Canada lack adequate housing, education and basic facilities.
These living situations lead to high states of substance abuse, child death, child negligence, suicide
and violence – mostly domestic and sexual cruelty of indigenous women and kids. Aboriginal
women faced organised and institutional labelling and inequity that stop their access to permitting
facilities and proper education. From all these issues I choose liberal party agenda on aboriginal
education as my main focus of policy analysis paper. Educational achievement is a basic element of
societal and economic well–being. "The level of educational ... Show more content on
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Historical Background
Several aboriginal peoples were affected by the government's residential school program which
removes numerous aboriginal kids from their homes. "While attending residential schools, some
were forced to endure violence and abuse while many others lost their first languages as a well as
connection with their culture and community (Hick 2014). In 1948, the liberal federal government
showed a main analysis of the Indian Act. Portion of the analysis involved the requirements of the
Indian Act relating to education. In Earlier 1948 the "federal government met its constitutional
obligations to Indian education by making agreements with religious authorities (United Church,
Anglican and Roman Catholic, primarily) for the education of Indian children"(.McCue 2004).
Many parents and leaders assumed that First Nations schoolchildren were getting a lower education
in contrast to provincial students attending provincial schools. The liberal federal government
agreed and in the course of the 1950s in a notable of "integration" it agreed about to accurate the
inequity in both the education prospectus and the qualification of tutors (McCue 2004). Moreover,
the liberal federal government decided to cost–share the manufacture of several secondary schools
through Canada

Essay on Aboriginal People of Canada
Aboriginal People of Canada
Over the past decades, Aboriginal people (the original people or indigenous occupants of a
particular country), have been oppressed by the Canadian society and continue to live under racism
resulting in gender/ class oppression. The history of Colonialism, and Capitalism has played a
significant role in the construction and impact of how Aborignal people are treated and viewed
presently in the Canadian society. The struggles, injustices, prejudice, and discrimination that have
plagued Aboriginal peoples for more than three centuries are still grim realities today. The failures
of Canada's racist policies toward Aboriginal peoples are reflected in the high levels of
unemployment and poor education. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The British were interested in the production and circulation of fur as a commodity in the world
market and were in need of labor. The Indians were the only available source of skilled labor, so
they became part of the production process.
From Colonialization, Capitalism came which resulted in the disintegration of communal and
egalitarian societies that the indigenous created, which in turn, became the exploited labor force in
the commodity production. European ethnocentrism and racism also affected patterns of Aboriginal
socialization. Since most whites viewed all aspects of indigenous life to be culturally and morally
inferior, missionaries made efforts to eliminate the egalitarianism customs of Aboriginal societies
and to promote the norms of the dominant European patriarchal society. The perceived differences
between men and women led to cultural genocide.
Capitalism is an economic and social system that focuses on pursuit of profit. It has also involved
the presence of exchange of goods for money or other goods, and the organization of production and
distribution of goods . One example of this is the Hudson's Bay fur trade. " The fur trade of the
Hudson's Bay basin initially transformed the indigenous communal societies in order to exploit
Indian labor in the commodity production of fur" (Bourgeault, 41). Capitalism uses market relations
(including class relationship) "…Capitalism centered in the Red

Early 19th Century Aboriginals In Canada
Aboriginal history In the early 19th century aboriginals were systematically discriminated by
Canada. From 1880 to 1996 Canada forced 150,000 aboriginal children into residential schools (J.R.
Miller, Tabitha Marshall, 2012,). The main goal of the residential schools was to strip the natives off
their culture and beliefs, replacing it with western beliefs and ideals. The last residential school
closed in 1996 however, the effects of it still lingers on in the aboriginal community. As stated by
the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (RCAP) "Residential schools had the single greatest
impact on the Indian (First Nations) people in Canada and continues to have inter–generational
impacts" (Kubik, Bourassa, & Hampton, 2009, p. 23). Today aboriginals receives millions of dollars
through social assistance programs. However, they are still lagging behind in ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Despite representing only 4.3% of Canada's population, aboriginals represent 23.2% of federal
prisons (Office of the Correctional Investigator, 2013). The reason behind this over representation is
not the longer sentences, as the matter of fact aboriginals receives shorter sentences about a mean of
4.2 years compared to 5.2 years for non–aboriginals (Ogloff & Welsh, as cited LaPrairie 1996). The
reason behind the over representation is the low parole rate for aboriginals which is 34% and 41%
for non–aboriginals causing them to spend more time in jail than intended (Ogloff & Welsh, 2000).
Also, aboriginals are 51 % more likely to have their parole revoked compared to 28% for non–
aboriginals (Ogloff & Welsh, as cited LaPrairie 1996). The reason behind this low prole rate are:
high recidivism rate, involvement to prison violence, classified as medium to high risk, high in need
regarding employment, housing , family support, and community reintegration (Ogloff & Welsh,

Aboriginal People Of Canada
Aboriginal peoples of Canada have suffered exponentially throughout the entirety of history and
proceed to do so in modern society. Much of the continued suffrage of aboriginal peoples is as a
result of the Sixties Scoop and the Residential School System, as well as the lack of resources
available to them. This has wreaked extensive havoc on the mental health of Aboriginal peoples, and
has left excessive amounts of stigma and racism attached to Aboriginal Peoples, explicitly seen in
the cases of missing and murdered Indigenous women. The effects that have been left on the
aboriginal peoples by their experiences throughout history have had a profound effect on their
quality of life. Many continue to experience immense struggle in the areas of mental health and
addictions. The sixties scoop saw the removal of thousands of aboriginal children from their homes,
leaving them without any of the traditions they had come to know. This led to a feeling of great
confusion as to who they were, especially during some of the most crucial years of development. As
is outlined in the story of one such child, Lynn Thompson, who stated in an interview with the
Saskatchewan Sage, Like many of the children in my situation, I was abused, eventually ended up
settled in a German Mennonite community in Manitoba, where I shot myself. I would have given
anything to be in a residential school, to have other brown faces around. Further on in the interview,
Lynn's experiences with substance

The Aboriginal People Of Canada
Canadian Native Aboriginals Introduction The Canadian native aboriginals are the original
indigenous settlers of North Canada in Canada. They are made up of the Inuit, Metis and the First
nation. Through archeological evidence old crow flats seem to the earliest known settlement sites for
the aboriginals. Other archeological evidence reveals the following characteristics of the Aboriginal
culture: ceremonial architecture, permanent settlement, agriculture and complex social hierarchy. A
number of treaties and laws have been enacted amongst the First nation and European immigrants
throughout Canada. For instance the Aboriginal self–government right was a step to assimilate them
in Canadian society. This allows for a chance to manage ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is believed that Canada was in violation of the human rights when they forced the aboriginals to
get assimilated into a Eurocentric society. There were instances of children being forced from homes
into Christian schools. This was violation of human rights ( Asch 98). Different laws like the Indian
Act and other treaties played an outstanding role in shaping Aboriginal relationship in Canada. The
Indian Act led to a huge conflict of interest following its effect on the Indians living in Canada
during its implementation. The Indian Act was a mechanism that strengthened the eviction of
Indians ad also a means of displacing Indians from their tribal lands. On the onset of the 19th
Century, land hungry Canadian settlers clustered in the coastal south of Canada and slowly moved
into the neighboring states. Since most of the tribes occupying that area were the Indians, the
Canadian settlers petitioned the Canadian government to remove them as they perceived them as an
obstacle to expansion towards the west. The rationale for the Indian Act was that the southeast
Indian tribes had no attachment to any particular land. However, this rationale ignored the fact the
Indian tribes had vast crops of corn and lived in settlements. Those who benefited from the Indian
Act are the Canadian settlers who had immense hunger for Indian land. The Canadian Settler lured
the Indian tribes into signing the treaty by guaranteeing them peace and integrity

Aboriginal peoples in Canada generally represents people who are the Indigenous habitants of
Canada constituting of First Nations, Inuit and Metis (Etowa, Jesty, & Vukic, 2011). The First
Nations people are referred to as Indians (status or non–status), the Inuit people traditionally live in
northern regions including the Arctic and Subarctic areas and previously referred to as Eskimo while
the Metis are Aboriginal people with both Aboriginal and non–Aboriginal ancestors as a result of
intermarriage with Europeans (Caron–Malenfant, Simon, Guimonnd, Grondin, & Lebel, 2015).
Also, urban Aboriginal people are those who migrated to the urban areas in search for better
opportunities and employment in the 1960s and 1970s and may include status and

Aboriginal Culture Analysis
Gulnar Qaiser
Professor LeBel
MDSA02
March 15 2016
Relevance of Oral Tradition Around the Time of Colonization to the Present Day
Oral tradition exists in day to day life, from telling children stories or singing lullabies, which are
usually learnt in early childhood, to get them to sleep. Stories that are told to children by non–
Aboriginal individuals are usually meant for entertainment purposes and do not carry any deeper
value, nor are they given any cultural or spiritual importance. For many Aboriginal groups, however,
stories and songs have a much greater significance. "Aboriginal peoples' communities are often
founded on stories that are characteristically sustaining: communicating the epistemologies and
norms that constitute their worldviews" ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
James Slotta writes, "Chief Justice McEachern of the Supreme Court of British Columbia dismissed
the plaintiffs' claims to Aboriginal title, self–government, and Aboriginal rights. Weighing the oral
traditions they presented in support of their claim, he commented, "If I do not accept their evidence
it will seldom be because I think they are untruthful, but rather because I have a different view of
what is fact and what is belief" (Slotta, 138). In this scenario, the Judge believes that the stories, or
any other information that the Indigenous people brought forward as proof of how important their
land was to them, is in fact purely belief, and therefore, the people are rejected rights to their land.
This is of great importance because the main difference between what the laws deems as "evidence"
and "belief" impacts crucial decision making regarding the Aboriginal people's right to their land. In
the Chief Justice' opinion evidence is what is recorded, or written down, nothing otherwise. For this
reason, Aboriginal peoples are directly losing their rights and indirectly losing their connection to
their own traditions. This is why Oral Tradition still carries importance today: there are large
amounts of people belonging to a spiritual group that rely

The Aboriginal Peoples Of Canada
The Aboriginal peoples of Canada had gone through many situations to get to where they are today
with their education system. Pain, sorrow, doubt, and hope are all feelings brought to mind when
thinking about the history and the future of Aboriginal education. By taking a look at the past,
anyone can see that the right to education for Aboriginal peoples has been fought about as early as
the 1870s. This is still is a pressing issue today. Elder teachings, residential, reserve and post–
secondary schools have all been concerning events of the past as well as the present. Though
education has improved for the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, there are still many concerns and
needs of reconciliation for the past to improve the future. Before schooling was mandatory for
Aboriginal peoples, they all learned from each other. Parents would teach their children how to live,
right from wrong and their ways of life. Elders would share knowledge by oral stories and traditions.
Many people of all ages would gather to listen to what the elders had to say. The way of life for the
Aboriginal peoples of Canada was simple and complete. Everyone helped each other and did things
that benefited one another. When the Europeans came to North America they way of life of the
Aboriginal peoples was threatened. Once Canada started to form, things for them started to
drastically change and the government decided to create residential schools. Residential schools
started in the 1870s in Canada. These

How The Cost Of Shelters And Age Distribution Affects The...
The Relationship Among Aboriginal Population, Age and Shelter Costs
Course: SOC222H
Professor's Name Riva Lieflander
Name: Yingjun Li
Student ID: 1000677957
Date: 04/20/2015
Introduction
The 2006 Census Public Use Microdata File (PUMF) involved a total of 844,476 people.
Participants were randomly selected in a manner that represented all social characteristics that
existed among Canadians. Technically, it was estimated that the number represented only 2.7% of
the Canadian population. It is also on record that the 2006 PUMF involved a total of 123 population
variables, of which 83% (102) represented individual variables, while the remaining 17% (21) of all
variables used represented family, dwelling, and household variables. The purpose of this research is
to determine how the cost of shelters and age distribution affects the Aboriginal people of Canada in
relation to the 2006 Census Public Use Microdata File (PUMF) on individuals. The research
employs both age distribution and shelter cost as major variables affecting the Aboriginal
population. The research will conduct an inferential statistical analysis on three major variables:
Aboriginal population, shelter cost, and age. For the purpose of this research, both age and shelter
costs will be employed as independent variables relating to the overall Aboriginal population, which
is the dependent variable. Another question that the paper aims to research is whether there exists a
relationship

A. The Aboriginal People in Canada
Before starting a discussion about aboriginal education in Canada, it is important to figure out who
the aboriginal people in Canada are. According to a document, Aboriginal Peoples in Canada: First
Nations People, Métis and Inuit (National Household Survey, 2011), there are 3 ethnic groups of the
aboriginal people in Canada. In 2011, "First Nations people 851,560 people identified as a First
Nations person, representing 60.8% of the total Aboriginal population and 2.6% of the total
Canadian population." The second group is Métis and in the same year, "451,795 people identified
as Métis. They represented 32.3% of the total Aboriginal population and 1.4% of the total Canadian
population." The last group is Inuit. "59,445 people identified as Inuit. They represented 4.2% of the
total Aboriginal population and 0.2% of the total Canadian population." Because of the fact that
Canada is a country mainly consisted of migrant people, this number of the aboriginal people seems
very small. Despite this small number of them, nobody can deny that they are important members of
Canada. They have been living in this country since very long times ago. Moreover, according to the
same document above, "Aboriginal children aged 14 and under made up 28.0% of the total
Aboriginal population." It shows that more than a quarter of them ... Show more content on
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According to a web document, First Nations Reserves Read RCAP Volume 3 (Indian and Northern
Affairs Canada, 2006), "Children were beaten for speaking their own language, and Aboriginal
beliefs were labelled 'pagan'. In many schools, sisters and brothers were forbidden social contact,
and the warmth of the intergenerational Aboriginal family was replaced with sterile institutional
child rearing." Moreover, "Many residents endured sexual and physical abuse." In 2008, Canadian
Government officially admitted that and apologized for

Residential Schools: Aboriginal People In Canada
Both films document the struggles that many Aboriginal People in Canada face today. Residential
schools have had a tremendous impact on Aboriginal population. The lack of one's identity due to
colonization has an intergenerational effect on aboriginal families. Both of these films explore the
issues faced by aboriginals as a direct result of colonization
Both films used
Residential schools are discussed in the two films. The government implemented a policy that made
it mandatory that all aboriginal children were too attend these schools. The plan was assimilation of
the aboriginal population by "killing the Indian in the child". The hope was that these kids would
grow up with the dominant white man's culture and values and pass that on to

Essay about Canadian-Aboriginals
Aboriginal–Canadians have an excessive history of mistreatment and discrimination in Canada.
Europeans considered Canada's First Nations as savages, eventually residential schools were created
which in extreme cases were comparable to Prisoner of War camps. According to Evelyn Kallen,
"Substandard housing breeding disease and death, closed schools due to lack of teachers, heat,
and/or running water are only two examples of continuing, dehumanizing life conditions on many
reserves" (198). Although, extensive improvements have been made to reservations and Aboriginal
rights, more improvement remains necessary. Allan Blakeney stated, "An important starting point of
course, is that Aboriginal people in Canada do not, as a group, occupy high ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
I believe this is a step in the right direction for Aboriginal rights. It is crucial to preserve Aboriginal
history to create a just nation for Canada. As well, it is equally important to retrieve information
from elders regarding their extensive traditions and beliefs and to preserve these traditional stories.
The Canadian government should allocate funding towards Aboriginal festivals, museums, and other
public events to educate all Canadians about Aboriginal culture and heritage, as well, this would
show respect for Aboriginal–Canadians. Therefore, I believe funding allocated to the preservation of
Aboriginal history can improve the plight of Aboriginal–Canadians. Second, Canada's First Nations'
plight can be improved through self–governance. According to Pocklington, "For several years,
Canadian aboriginal leaders have been demanding the recognition of a right of Native self–
determination and thereby, for the aboriginal collectivities that choose it a right of self–government"
(102). Aboriginal self–governance is a controversial issue in Canada. Before researching the issue I
believed that self–governance would deter national unity, after further investigation, I presently
believe that the claim for Aboriginal self–governance is justifiable. Although, according to
Blakeney, "It will be a real challenge to make effective

History
The first people, or aboriginal people, of Canada consists of the Inuits, Métis, and various groups of
Indians referred to as the First Nations. Although all three groups are considered aboriginal, the very
first people to settle in Canada were the First Nations. They were followed by the Métis, and finally
Inuits. Various pieces of information, such as bones and artifacts, show that the First nations arrived
at Canada right after the last Ice age, which is approximately 12,000 years ago. At that time,
America and Asia were joined by a land bridge, and people were spreading across the world.
Scientists believe that a group of nomadic hunters followed big game from Asia to present day
Alaska. Then, they spread across Canada, and settled. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Canada purchased the middle west from the Hudson's Bay Company, leading to the formation of the
provinces of Manitoba, founded in 1870, Alberta, founded in 1905, and Saskatchewan, also founded
in 1905. At the same time, the provinces of British Columbia (1871) and Prince Edward Island
(1873) joined. In 1885, a railway was constructed, linking the majority of the provinces and
stretching from coast to coast. Canada, officially known as the Dominion of Canada, is divided into
provinces and territories. These provinces and territories include the provinces of Alberta, British
Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, and
Prince Edward Island, while the territories consist of the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon.
The national anthem of Canada is named "O Canada." It was originally planned as music for a
ceremony in 1880, composed by Calixa Lavallée. Later, the poet Sir Adolphe–Basile Routhier wrote
lyrics, in French. The lyrics were translated in 1906, but a person named Robert Stanley Weir wrote
a different version in 1908. His version became the commonly used version, and has been revised
twice. Shown below are the lyrics for the french, the french translated, and the official

Non Aboriginal People In Canada
During the first half of the 20th century the western countries experienced what was called the Great
War, commonly known today as the First World War (WWI). There were 330,000 men and women
that served (WWI) for Canada, some of whose experiences were very diverse. Aboriginal men who
served in the war suffered great inequality because of racism.
Aboriginal people living in Canada were recruited to fight in WWI for a variety of reasons.
Although some of these reasons for recruitment were different than non–aboriginal people. If you
were non–Aboriginal you would be able to join the war if you were an adult Canadian citizen.
However if you were Aboriginal you couldn't join even if you meet these requirements due to the
racism against Aboriginals.

First Nations : Aboriginal People In Canada
First Nations is a term used to define Aboriginal people in Canada who are not Métis or Inuit. First
Nations people are commonly identified by other names, such as Indians, Natives, Native
Canadians, and Native Americans. Using any general term almost always involves an explanation as
these names can cause problems. After watching the Ted talk I realized having only one viewpoint to
a story can limit the ideas we are able to obtain from it. The Ted talk connects with First Nations as
it opens our minds allowing us as viewers to get a new perspective on our prior knowledge. This has
led me to question what we are being taught about First Nations and whether it's the truth.
Throughout this course so far I've learned, First Nations should be used only as a general term, as
members are likely to establish themselves as part of specific nations, or part of a community within
those nations. First Nations describes aboriginal people of Canada who aren't Inuit or Metis. The
term First Nations refers to the ethnicity of First Nations people, where the term "First Nation" can
refer to a band, a reserve–based community, or a tribal group where status Indians live. Most
importantly I have learned when to use specific terms and their proper meaning. For example, Metis
refers to multiple cultures and ethnic identities from Aboriginal and European people. This term is
typically used to describe people of mixed ancestry or descendants of historic communities. The
term "Indian" represents the identity of a Frist Nations person who is under the Indian Act, and
should only be used when referring to a First Nations person who has status under that Act and is
used in proper context. Usage of these terms in improper context can cause conflict and is
considered to be disrespectful.
During the Ted talk video, I realized that the single stories we carry can be harmful as they often
lead us to make inaccurate conclusions resulting in stereotyping. In the video, Adichie explains how
her roommate Watkins 2

The Canadian Government Enacted An Indian Act
The Canadian government enacted an Indian Act in 1876 which outlines their approach towards the
elimination of the Aboriginal government, land, religion, and so on. This policy's central goal was to
assimilate the entire aboriginal population into Canadian civilization. The act described how to
categorize one as an Indian, how one could lose their Indian status, the abolition of Native traditions
and practices, and much more. Through residential schooling, which was administered through the
Indian Act, the country was able to force allegiance in mass volumes. The word 'residential schools'
refers to a schooling system which intends to enforce Euro–Canadian values into Aboriginal youth.
After many years of agonizing discrimination and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To reconcile the relationship between Canada and the Aboriginal community means to effectively
restore peace and instil positive relations amongst the two parties. In the interest of reconciliation,
the Canadian government must undo its actions against the aboriginal community and furthermore
acknowledge responsibility on its part. In 1949, the Special Joint Committee of the Senate and
House of Commons considered and delegated the content of the Indian Act. By 1949, the Indian act
was modified to allow first nations students to be educated in public schools. The Canadian
government recognized the inexcusable conditions Aboriginal youth were exposed to through
residential schooling and yet failed to formally accept guilt and liability. Furthermore, bill C–31 was
introduced in 1985 as an act which aimed to amend the horrific laws enforced through the Indian
Act and gave. This gave the Aboriginal community hope for equality amongst non–Aboriginals
within Canada. The bill aimed to reinstate Indian status to all individuals whom were forcibly
stripped of their status because of the Indian act. However, the result of the bill proved it to be
extremely unproductive as large numbers of women and children were still not reinstated with
Aboriginal status for over thirteen years, thus failing the Aboriginal community. Furthermore, in
1991, the Canadian government composed the Royal Commission on Aboriginal

The Aboriginal Peoples Of Canada
INTRODUCTION: Concerns of violent victimization and self–destructive tendencies in Aboriginal
communities have become a significant issue in Aboriginal movements worldwide. In Canada, it has
taken the specific form of feminist–inspired campaigns for only those Indigenous females that are
missing and murdered. The highly vocalized 2015 campaign for the 42nd Canadian Federal Election
drew much attention to the fate of missing and murdered Indigenous women. However, the attention
on females suggests that the inherent implication that Indigenous men's attitudes toward Indigenous
women are the problem and that the men are not victims of violence themselves. This essay will first
acknowledge the chronic problem of violence in the place of Indigenous peoples in first world
societies and the continuing social problems that marginalize their position. This paper will then
examine the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, the violence in their communities, and whether or not
Indigenous men and their masculinities have an appropriate place in the national picture regarding
the missing and murdered Indigenous women. I will conclude with a consideration of the extent to
which if men do have an appropriate place in the inquiry and which policy recommendations are
required to address the issues that Aboriginal people confront.
GLOBAL VIOLENCE AMONGST INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS:
Violence has become a chronic problem amongst women in Global Indigenous populations and
communities. The dominant view is

Acquiring an education and the act of being educated in a school are two enormously different
teachings. Indigenous Peoples of the world have been educating each other within their own
communities for thousands of years. Through the processes of ritual, spirituality, and tradition, these
cultures thrive, sustainably, by living in unison with their land. As Dr. Weber–Pillwax explains, First
Nations Peoples of Canada live in relationship to their "to the land" and their "the community" and
these values are therefore ingrained into Aboriginal identity. Furthermore, the molecular
transference of these distinct features of First Nations culture, which Dr. Weber–Pillwax articulates
using Dr. Candace Pert's theory of "molecules of emotions," transcend ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Nonetheless, European settlers, particularly during Colonization, made the assumption that their
culture, religious beliefs, and educational systems was superior; and, as part of the process towards
colonizing the land that is now Canada, this group of European people attempted to abolish First
Nations Peoples' culture. As Bonita Lawrence reveals in her overview of Aboriginal people in North
America, "the colonial act of establishing legal definitions of Indianess . . . enabled the Canadian
government to remove a significant sector of Native people from the land," and in doing so,
colonization inevitably removed a sizable number of Aboriginal people from their culture (7). These
historic Colonial events irreversibly changed Aboriginal culture. Aside from the glaring fact that
Aboriginal children were expected to conform and attend a colonial educational system, irrespective
of their cultural education, "status" Aboriginal children, during Colonialism, essentially became the
initial step towards a reacculturation of the Aboriginal

Aboriginal Education Problem Analysis
Context and importance of the problem
The Aboriginal people of Canada are suffering due to poverty and the lack of education is
one of the major reasons for that. The Aboriginal Educational Society of Canada believes that the
Canadian government needs to increase the funding for Aboriginals in secondary and post
secondary because many do not get the opportunity to pursue an education due to lack of
funding. They Canadian government also needs to start teaching kindergarten to grade 12 about
Aboriginal history as it is important to Canadian culture. The root cause of this problem is that
Aboriginal children are failing to develop a sense of identity through residential school curricula.
The curriculum barely portrays their true ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is because much of Canadian society lacks
the knowledge of Aboriginal history, and it is important to learn about it as it IS Canadian
history. A step by step process would be to first implement a curriculum on young children in
schools. A good way to get them interested would be to have picture books that explain the
history of the Aboriginal people of Canada.9 The easiest way to learn something is when you are
young, so focusing on the younger generation as a stepping stone will set the tone for the
future.10 After this slowly work up to the higher grades, until eventually reaching post–secondary
where students may study and earn degrees on Aboriginal studies. The history of Canada is
something that is seemed to be known so much about; however the Aboriginals and their

contributions are ignored too often.11 The Aboriginal peoples of Canada and the history that

The Adaptive Nature Of Canada
The Adaptive Nature of Canada?s First People
The Canadian people have always prided themselves as champions of democracy and are
universally respected for their record on human rights. Although holistically this could be argued,
especially when compared to the United States and other Western states, the record concerning
Aboriginals, both past and present, has yet to live up to their self–set standard. Defined simply as
anyone who traces his/her ancestry back to pre–European colonization, there exist mass diversity
within its community. Although various political actors dispute the actual number of Aboriginals,
Statistics Canada reported in 2006 that 1,678,200 people indicated they were ethnically Aboriginal
or roughly 5.4 percent of the population (Statistics Canada: Population Counts). It has been the goal
of the Natives to regain sovereignty since it was stripped from them in the sixteenth century. Pushed
to the margins in all aspects of life from negligible political relevance in Ottawa to the isolation they
continue to experience on the remote reserves, the Aboriginal people have had their humanity
sapped continuously out of them, yet have never given up hope. The minute advances in the last
several decades? stand in stark contrast to repression experienced for centuries. Weathering an
intensely exploitive government, Aboriginals have endured unimaginable repression. It was not until
the passage of the Constitution Act, specifically the Charter of Rights and

Residential School History
RESOURCE DESCRIPTION This resource was taken from Padlet but the exact source is: Truth and
Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Canadian Government EBook Collection, & Truth and
Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2012). They came for the children: Canada, aboriginal
peoples, and residential schools. Winnipeg: Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. This
resource is a book depicting and exposing the traumas faced by the victims of residential schools. It
includes major headings with subheadings containing a mixture of research, personal accounts, and
actual photographs with captions of the residential schools. The sections I focus on are Arrival:
"Now you are no longer an Indian"; Discipline: "He never should have gotten a licking ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1). For instance the resource delineates how the damage and impacts reverberate through
generations–the parents damaged by physical abuse and emotional neglect. Families and individuals
became dysfunctional and the schools created a legacy of "joblessness, poverty, family violence,
drug and alcohol abuse, family breakdown, sexual abuse, prostitution, homelessness, high rates of
imprisonment, and early death" (Dion Stout and Kipling, 2003 as cited in Truth and Reconciliation,
2012, p. 77–78). The consequences will be explained in greater detail later in this analysis. This
resource also shows evidence of principle number 4: "Learning involves generational roles and
responsibilities" (FNESC, n.d., p. 1). For the first few generations, children returning from the
residential schools consistently looked to the elders, families, and healers to help them recuperate
from the trauma. However, as generations passed, healers passed away, were not replaced, and
missionaries weakened their position and role in society. Lastly, this resource applies to principle
number 5: "Learning recognizes the role of indigenous knowledge" (FNESC, n.d., p. 1) by bringing
to light how the Aboriginal

The residential school era would be one of the most detrimental periods for aboriginal since first
contact in 1492. The assimilation of aboriginals into the western culture is seen as one of the most
colonial events in human history, and the legacy it's left behind has left a people robbed of both
tangible and intangible features of aboriginal culture. During this time, young aboriginal children
were taken from homes and placed in overnight schools, where they would be stripped of their
religion and culture, and be forced to adapt into North American European society. They would be
taught the ways of Christianity, which according to European settlers as the "true faith, and only
faith", abandoning their Native American roots, in both religion ... Show more content on
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"The origins of alcohol abuse can be found in early Canadian history with the introduction of liquor
by European fur traders in the early 17th century. Prior to this, drunkenness and violence were
virtually unknown to Aboriginal people who had a very low incidence of violence in their own
communities." (Deborah, Chansonneuve. "Adaptive behaviours among aboriginal Peoples in
Canada." Aboriginal Healing Foundation, 2007) this would be the beginning of native genetic
predisposition to consuming larger amounts of alcohol with the correct stressors. As settlers
introduced the residential schools two centuries later in attempt to assimilate indigenous culture, this
would lead so much post dramatic stress and depression. Young aboriginal children, would be taken
from their homes, and brought to schools across Canada and the U.S., turning into property of the
government. Conditions of residential schools would be treacherous, as many schools had
unsanitary and unsafe living quarters, which played a large roll in the many casualties at the hands
of the government. Any child who lived there would be given poor quality meals, ripped clothing,
and daily verbal and physical abuse would be a part of everyday life. From these traumatic
experiences that would endure for three centuries, this would leave many young aboriginal minds in
states of hurt and oppression, which would lead to addiction to substances in order to cop from such
horrific

The Legacy Of Residential Schools

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