Mary Ellen Mark Analysis

Mary Ellen Mark Analysis
Robert Frank is a photographer and documentary filmmaker best known for his book The
Americans. It was during the publications of his book that he began taking an interest in
cinematography. His book is the most influential book of photographs. He started photography for
expression as well to escape the pressures of his business–oriented family. Frank never attended
school for photography or film. He felt as though America was a bleak and lonely place with a fast
pace society that cared to much for money. Mary Ellen Mark is a photographer well–known for
producing photographs of prostitutes, the homeless, and people addicted to drugs. She showed her
painting and drawing prowess when she was in high school. She graduated from University of ...
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Mark graduated from college for her photography expertise and Frank learned his from the
experience. He is known best for his books and she is well known for her photographs of people
who have lost their way. I believe that the purpose of the photographs by each photographer is
important and will always remain relevant in one way or another. The photographs are very deep
and the contrast seems to remain similar, but with different meanings.
The messages being conveyed to the viewer are different from each of the photographers. In the two
photographs displayed above the contrasts are very similar, but Franks photograph offers a slightly
higher contrast to Marks. The photograph of Franks is of his off–the–cuff style that was revelation in
the stylized, artificial 1950's of Richard Avedon and Irving Penn. Marks photograph is more of a
report on the state of our social environment. Although, Marks photographs are reports of what the
social state has been for decades. All the photographs from both photographers are intriguing to say
the
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Physical Appearance Says What Words Cannot: Comparing...
Throughout their lives, both Malcolm X and Gandhi had similar and contrasting physical traits. In
many ways, how they appeared on the outside shaped the people they were on the inside. Clothing
became a device of nonverbal communication. Whether they recognized that themselves or not,
that's how it was. Had they not been colored, they would not have had advocated for justice. Though
their personal philosophies drove them in different ways to resolve oppression; one with violence
and the other with peace they were motivated just as much. Nonverbal communication helped both
men gain support to raise awareness and achieve justice they sought for their ethnic and religious
groups.
In Gandhi's movement to free India, he chose to boycott ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While Malcolm X continued to change his style depending on his location, as he felt the need to do
so. When he moved to Harlem, New York, "No Negro place of business had ever impressed me so
much...I was hit...by their conservative clothes" (Malcolm X 75). He then quickly dropped his zuit
suits in favor of this style of dressing found on his fellow black people. Throughout his later life,
Gandhi promoted his ideas peacefully. This then translated into his clothing as well. In Gandhi ,
Gandhi wore loosely draped fabric in off–white. In doing so, he is portrayed as an angelic, saint like
person; indicative of his gentile disposition. In 1946, LIFE photographer Margaret Bourke–White
photographed Gandhi sitting on the floor at his wheel "the now–famous image came to symbolize
the notion of Indian self–sufficiency – and thus independence from British rule." (LIFE). In one of
these photos, Gandhi is back–lit and the glare from the sun contributes to his angelic appearance.
While living in Boston, Malcolm wears bright colored zuit suits. This acts as a preamble for his
adult life. His suits are saturated in color and extremely intense the way some of his actions became
in Harlem, where he starts his drug use and gets into legal trouble for various activities. In many
photographs of Malcolm X, he wears browline glasses. This style resembles eyebrows in the way
they naturally frames the eyes; hence the name 'browline'. As the black frame only goes around the

Margaret Bourke-White
Through her trailblazing personality and a camera, Margaret Bourke White was able to forge her
own path to go and encapsulate the tragic state of affairs that was consuming America. Margaret
Bourke–White was born on June 14, 1904 to Joseph White, an engineer, and Minnie White, a
stenographer. With two other siblings, she was brought up in a strict household,that favored
determination and perseverance (Margaret Bourke–White). These core values instilled in her the
courage that was required to break free of the societal norm and follow her passion into
photography. White attended Plainfield high school where she first discovered her passion for the
arts, being yearbook editor, and competing in literature competitions. She later attended Columbia

Consumerism Warping Human Values : We Are Consumers
Consumerism Warping Human Values
You and I consume; we are consumers. The global economy is set up to enable us to do what we
innately want to do: buy, use, discard and buy some more. If we do our job well, the economy
thrives. If for some reason we fail at our task, the economy suffers. This model of economic
existence has been reinforced in the business pages of every newspaper, and in the daily reportage of
nearly every broadcast and web–based financial news service. It has a familiar name: consumerism.
Therapeutic ethos has created a consumption–oriented ideology that ultimately transformed
American culture and life, as we know it. This multi–dimensional approach shifted nineteenth–
century American values of frugality, moderation, and self–denial to periodic leisure, compulsive
spending, and individual self–fulfillment. There are three main factors that contributed to this
transformation: radio and billboards, credit, and mind–cure religion. Consumer culture developed
out of the rise of modernity and the historical emergence of capitalism as an economic force
throughout the world. Perhaps the most significant component in turn–of–the–century American
societies was the emergence of what historian T. J. Jackson Lears calls the "therapeutic ethos."
During the turn of the century, the feeling that life was troubling and overwhelming prevailed
creating the idea that everyone was inadequate and in need of improvement. This resulted in a
strategically placed rise of

Apush Chapter 2 Summary
1. 1936, Bourke White, Margaret, Fort Peck Dam, Montana, American, Gelatin Silver print. TXT–
First female for Life magazine and was well known for capturing architectural buildings of large
scale to compare the intensity of the environment in relation to people in a everyday life. Pg 192
CLS– She was involved in commercial work as well, to seize various scenes that relate to the
general public and exploit her subjects in large quantities along with her purpose behind them. 2.
1937, Bourke White, Margaret, At the Time of the Louisville Flood, American, Gelatin Silver print.
TXT– She captured images that involved technology along with financing to describe the hardships
of individuals struggling for a job or to find a home to stay in and searched for public ... Show more
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1945, Eisenstaedt, Alfred, V.J. Day, American, Gelatin silver print. TXT– He was a photojournalist
for Life magazine, where he covered made historical moments using his 35mm leica camera to seize
everyday of people in ordinary circumstances or situations. Pg 268 CLS– He captured the iconic
image of day when the war ended and the people in Times Square paraded around in celebration of
this special moment and captured the perfect scene of a random veteran kissing a female of the
streets. 4. 1947, White, Minor, Sun and Rock, American, Gelatin silver print. TXT– For his images,
he searched various ways to alter scenes in a metaphoric aspect to create a mystical reality by
messing around with subject matter and positioning of when to catch these specific moments. Pg
301 CLS– He achieved a mystical attribute into all of his images with the inspiration from various
paintings that shared the same aspect and editing them to have a natural effect. 5. 1950, Penn,
Irving, Lisa, Fonssagrives (women in black dress), American. TXT– His focus to a have a
fashionable sense into all of his images by adjusting the lighting of his subjects and placing a blank
background behind them to remove the surroundings. Pg

Women During World War 2 Essay
During World War II, the percentage of women in the workforce from 1940 to 1945 increased from
27% to 37%, which includes 350,000 women who served in the armed forces. Most women had to
get jobs due to the men having to fight in the war. Women took jobs as nurses, engineers, chemists,
photographers, message decoders, spies, made airplanes and atomic bombs, and most of them, about
84% worked in factories. The opportunity for women to get jobs allowed them to get paid good
money and gain job skills. For example, Lieutenant Elsie S. Ott was an air nurse who helped with
the transportation of wounded soldiers from India to Washington D.C. so the soldiers could receive
help. This was Elsie S. Ott's first time riding in an airplane and caring for hurt soldiers, and she had
no proper training with transporting wounded soldiers. Lieutenant Elsie S. Ott was given not only
proper nurse training, but also was given the Air medal. She was the first woman to get such a
medal. Then, Margaret Bourke–White was a photographer and became the first female photographer
for LIFE magazine. She took pictures of events that happened during World War II and she was the
first female to ride in the airplane with a military combat crew. Further, during World War II, there
were women who were part of the Women's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They were discriminated and many workers did not want to work with them. They let them work as
Domestic servants, but then they were fired and forced to work as maids. They also worked in the
Navy, but were separated and were not even allowed to work until 1944. They also could only take
care of African Americans soldiers. Japanese American Women were also discriminated against.
They did not get many job opportunities and forced to get into barns and live in terrible conditions.
This applies to all Japanese Americans, mostly lively because of the tension between Japan and

Street and documentary photography captures a subject or...
Street and documentary photography captures a subject or situation in a candid moment. The theme
of the images can be broad. A portrait of a begging homeless child on a city street to a man walking
his dog in an inner city park can remain under the umbrella of street and documentary photography
as the photographer is capturing an honest reflection of that particular environment.
The introduction of portable cameras has made it feasible for anyone with basic knowledge of how
to use a camera to now go out and record what they see. However, what one chooses to photograph
is still a reflection on them as well as well as the scenes they witness.
Street and Documentary photography can send shockwaves throughout the world. Whether a ...
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Street photography is a branch of documentary photography, but instead demonstrates the
photographer's vision of the world as opposed to an explicit social agenda. For example,
documentary photography can record all works of life but the majority are often dedicated to
showing the life of underprivileged or disadvantaged people to highlight the social injustice.
Recording this genre of society goes back to the early 19th century. "Photographs Of The Old
Closes and Streets of Glasgow, 1868–77", was a documentation of the slum areas in Glasgow.
Another example is "Street Life in London", published in 1877, which documented how the
advanced stages of industrialization in the 19th century impacted on social life. In 1936 socially
committed photographer, Bill Brandt, published the illustrated book "The English at Home", in
which he portrayed the English class society and how the Great Depression had affected them. In the
mid–1930s such invasive photography was rare and the unsettling social questions raised by
Brandt's photographs were then rarely discussed. However, subsequently Brandt was commissioned
by the Ministry of Information to photograph life in the London Underground bomb shelters during
the Blitz.
His uncompromising eye for detail made Brandt one of Britain's most influential and internationally
admired photographers of the 20th century. Through

The Artist Of Brownstones By Jacob Lawrence
Topic 1: Brownstones is a bit of abstract art depicting a group of what appear to be African
Americans going about their lives on a busy street. This is a clear piece of the architecture that led to
the swelling civil rights movement of the 50s. During the 1920s and 1930s, as a result of the
combined forces of the Great Migration, the Depression, the Jazz Era, and the Harlem Renaissance,
Harlem was transformed into a community with a unique identity. A sanctuary for African–
American art, this new cultural oasis enjoyed a sense of optimism in spite of economic difficulties.
Like many writers and artists of his time, Jacob Lawrence, the artist of Brownstones, was inspired
by the dynamic vitality of the Harlem community. One of the more interesting aspects of this is the
communal response that was brought about by the "Renaissance". Initially during the civil rights
movement it was students who marched at the forefront, those with nothing to lose and everything
to gain. However, over time the movement blossomed fully, and those from all walks of life stepped
up to defend liberty. In the wake of the assassination of Martin Luther King, we as a nation(most of
us anyway) stood as one against oppression and hatred. We fought the good fight, without weapons
or blows, but with dollars, steps and words. It wasn 't a war though. "You don 't win wars by dying
for your country, you win by making the other guy die for his." This was a rebellion, two sides
claimed they held the same

photo 100 Essay
Question 1: A pixel is the basic binary digit used by computers. You Answered: False Correct
Answer: False Question 2: The Bauhaus was a pre–World War II advertising agency that notably
used Laszlo Moholy–Nagy's photographs. You Answered: False Correct Answer: False Question 3:
A lower ISO number means the camera is more sensitive to light, whereas a higher number means
the camera is less sensitive to light. You Answered: True Correct Answer: False Question 4: The
shutter speed and the sensor chip are the primary controls for adjusting the amount of light that
enters the camera. You Answered: False Correct Answer: False Question 5: Laszlo Moholy–Nagy
generally abided by the strict ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You Answered: True Correct Answer: True Question 7: Giacomo Battista Beccaria and Johann
Heinrich Schultz independently discovered silver nitrate, a substance more light sensitive than silver
chloride. You Answered: False Correct Answer: False Question 8: Which of the following early
digital cameras was popular with photojournalists when it was first introduced? You Answered:
Kodak DCS 200 Correct Answer: Kodak DCS 200 Question 9: Whose research served as the
foundation of modern optics? You Answered: Ibn al–Haytham Correct Answer: Ibn al–Haytham
Question 10: Which of the following was the subject of one of the first public demonstrations of
television? You Answered: the 1936 Berlin Olympics Correct Answer: the 1936 Berlin Olympics
Question 11: Videotape was invented in which year? You Answered: 1956 Correct Answer: 1956
Question 12: Campbell–Swinton's system used which of the following to capture and display
images? You Answered: electronically sweeping cathode ray tubes Correct Answer: electronically
sweeping cathode ray tubes Question 13: Which of the following is NOT true of the first digital
camera? You Answered: it provided an immediate advantage over film Correct Answer: it provided
an immediate advantage over film Question 14: The first advances in optics began in which century?
You Answered: 700 BC

How Did Margaret Bourke-White Affect Women In The Early...
Margaret Bourke–White; The Eyes of the 1900s "Fittingly for the heroic, larger than life Margaret
Bourke–White the eyes were the last to go." –Sean Callahan Throughout her life, Margaret Bourke–
White traveled around the world taking photographs and expanding the idea of photojournalism. She
became the first female war correspondent along with a famous documenter of Gandhi's non–violent
protest. Her move to Cleveland, Ohio, her photographic representation of WWII and the Korean
Conflict, and her diagnosis of Parkinson's disease all helped to develop the theme that Margaret
Bourke–White broke gender barriers for women in the early 1900s, and led the world on a trail–
blazing journey that would inspire generations. In 1927, after shedding a ... Show more content on
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and Germany. On her trip to the South, the famed author Erskine Caldwell joined Margaret Bourke–
White. Their association resulted in the book, "You Have Seen Their Faces", and, as Phillips, the
curator of The Phillips Collection in Washington D.C., says, "The haggard images staring back at
the camera confirmed her increasing understanding of the human condition, she became skilled at
capturing the human experience." By this Phillips means that this experience with Caldwell showed
Margaret Bourke–White a new perspective of the human relationship, taught her to capture an
intricate web of emotion in just one photograph, and influenced her later works. Not long after this,
the Second World War began, giving Bourke–White a rare opportunity to showcase both her bravery
and her skill. As the first woman credited as a war correspondent, she crossed into Germany with an
Air Force crew on a bombing raid. Throughout the rest of the war, Bourke–White continued
traveling with the armed forces through North Africa and Italy, and to the staff of Life magazine she
became known as "Maggie The

You Have Seen Their Faces By Margaret Bourke White And...
You Have Seen Their Faces by Margaret Bourke–White and Erskine Caldwell is a photo
documentary of life in the South during the Great Depression. After reading You Have Seen Their
Faces along with critiques of it by Rabinowitz and Snyder, I found myself more interested in the
topic of how motherhood was depicted in the book. Rabinowitz brought up that middle class women
felt the need to regulate the poor women because they weren 't feminine enough or motherly enough
which is the main attitude involved in slumming. By observing Margaret Bourke–White's photos I
found two distinct classes of these types of images: positive and negative. I was curious as to the
deeper meanings behind these two classes of photos and what this meant about Bourke–White's
perspective of her subjects. Another point of interest is how and if the captions of these photos of
mothers cause the images to be interpreted differently. While many photos in You Have Seen Their
Faces depict life in the south in negative light, there are a few photos that contradict this sentiment.
While reading the book I found many photos that placed their subjects in a positive light and most of
them happened to center around motherhood. These images portrayed the mothers as strong and
determined in the face of adversity. The first image I came across that demonstrated these
characteristics was the photo from Ringgold, Georgia. It is the second image in a set of two that
depict a family traveling from Florida to look for

Imaginary Dialogue Between Great Historical Women
Mary Shelley (MS): Good afternoon, Ms. White. It is a pleasure to meet.
Margaret Bourke White (MBW): Mrs. Shelley, please call me Margaret. What a lovely summer day
for us to converse. Shall we sit and enjoy this rare and anachronistic opportunity?
MS: Margaret, let's. Please call me Mary then. Won't you have some tea?
MBW: Please.
MS: Margaret, how do you find New York City? In my day, New York was fairly new but quickly
gaining quite a reputation.
MBW: New York City is a critical location in the history of the United States as well as in the world.
I was born there quite early in the 20th century, which was an important century for America and
New York was definitely a part of the national, group, and individual identity transformation taking
place. I was a girl during the first great War and a young woman when the Great Depression hit. I
could see the transformation of culture, of the world, of the country, and of women happening
before me. My interest in photography and photojournalism helped me communicate, express, and
capture such changes. Certainly, I am keen to understand your experiences as a writer in Europe. We
were born approximately a century apart and across the pond from each other, as the Brits these
days call the Atlantic. London was the home of the summer Olympics in 2012; thus its reputation as
a global hub has not changed since either of our

Louisville Flood Victims By Margaret Bourke-White
Description:
Margaret Bourke–White. Louisville Flood Victims. 1937. Photograph.
Analysis:
Margaret Bourke–White utilizes the actual horizontal lines of the billboard, as well as the implied
lines of the people's heads. The repetition of the people along with the faces on the billboard,
forcefully move the attention horizontally to the right of the photograph. This, in turn, makes the
viewer anticipate what is coming next. Although we know that the people are in a state of motion,
there is a sense of stillness as if the moment will never end. At first glance, the balance appears to be
somewhat symmetrical, but looking further, one notices the small cluster of children in the bottom
left corner, casting the balance as asymmetrical. It also appears as if there is a downward slope
going from the furthermost right, to the furthermost left of the image. The colors seem varied and
dark, contrasting the coats of the individuals with the stark white bags, and the intrusive bright
colors of the billboard, this creates a contrast in the mood of the apparent glee of the billboard, with
the traumatic expressions of the individuals. Although black and white, the image uses a wide range
of light and dark, going from the bright white of the bags and billboard, to the deep darks of the
coats and few of the glum faces. In between these two extremes, there are varying shades of light
and dark in the billboard and surrounding scene. Finally, the emphasis is placed on the people, the
victims of the Louisville flood. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This photograph is unique in introducing a new means of expression through photographic essay,
recalling both artistic expression, as well as journalistic

An Indigenous understanding of Reciprocity
Reciprocity is an underlying principle expressed throughout Aboriginal societies. Outline and
illustrate the importance of this fundamental concept in the economic, social, spiritual and political
spheres of Aboriginal life (refer to reciprocity in the index to Edwards 2005).
The word 'reciprocity'1 conjures up a feel good image of 'caring and sharing' (Schwab 1995: 8).
However according to Peterson (1993: 861) there is a darker more sinister side to this word when
applied to Indigenous Australians. He defines it as 'demand sharing' rather than reciprocity and he
states that Blurton Jones (1987: 38) labels it tolerated theft2. Peterson (1993: 860) goes on to assert
that little 'giving' is purely altruistic because the giver might simply ... Show more content on
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2005: 70). In more recent times, colonial interference with its autocratic removal and relocation of
key individuals and whole groups resulted in virtually a complete collapse of the traditional
Aboriginal economy. As hunting and gathering is no longer possible for city dwellers, the concept of
reciprocity becomes even more important, from an economic point of view, due to the nature of
extended families all co–habiting in one small dwelling because of mutual obligation or reciprocity.
According to Smith (1991) household structure has to stretch to encompass the extra–household
fiscal networks it now accommodates. One must consider the concept of reciprocity or mutual
benefit to obtain an understanding of domestic expenditure patterns.
To better understand the impact of reciprocity on a single family, here is an example from the
Lajamanu community (Walpiri people), which is currently representative of many Aboriginal
communities (Saethre, E 2005: 151). This anecdote illustrates how (poor) Aboriginal health is
indisputably linked to their economic situation and that reduced eating patterns (feast or famine
Schwab 2004: 5) are encouraged by the government welfare system. Elizabeth and David are out
shopping for their extended family,4 when Emily approaches and asks for food explaining her
welfare money has run out, she is given quite a large amount of food. Elizabeth explains 'I like to
shop just before it closes, because there are

First Published In Life Magazine'S, World'S Highest Standard
First published in Life Magazine 's, World 's Highest Standard of Living became instantly
recognizable to many Americans during the Great Depression for its starkly ironic juxtaposition of
an idealized America alongside the grimmer aspects of everyday reality. By looking at Figure 1.
"The American Way" by Margaret Bourke White, we can see the contrast between the advertisement
and the people in line, which most people do not see. This is important because it emphasizes the
crisis following the Great Ohio River flood of 1937. Margaret Bourke White was a photographer
based in Cleveland, Ohio that can be primarily described as an industrial photographer. Her
photographs focused on the human side of news, depicting the hardship that many ... Show more
Every member of the family is smiling, even the dog hanging out the window appears to be enjoying
himself. It is clear that this billboard is meant to make other want this sort of lifestyle. Across the top
of the of the billboard the words "World's Highest Standard of Living" is written in all caps, lower
down beside the vehicle the billboard reads "there's no way like the American Way". The use of all
capital letter may be meant to emphasizes that the family is depicting the ideal style of living and
that it's the standard that all others should try to achieve. The words lower down on the billboard are
written in a more sophisticated font. The word way is capitalized, this may be because it draws
attention to the word and places more emphasis on it. Understanding the billboards goal is important
to the irony that is emphasized by the photographer. The billboard was a for of propaganda
displayed across the South to lift American moral during the Great Depression, and yet it serves as a
comparison and highlights the grim reality of the time period.
In contrast, the people in line are dressed in dark colors and none of them are smiling. This group of
people are lined up to get rations in the aftermath of the Louisville flood. There is no happiness in
the way they are standing and no one is talking to each other, it almost seems as if there is a grim
sense of hopelessness shared amongst those in line. Furthermore,

Photography in Advertising and Its Effects on Society
Written by Valerio Loi (2005)
Memory has been and always will be associated with images. As early as 1896, leading
psychologists were arguing that memory was nothing more than a continuous exchange of images.
(Bergson) Later models of memory describe it as more of an image text; a combination of space and
time, and image and word. (Yates) Although image certainly is not the only component of memory,
it is undoubtedly an integral and essential part of memory's composition. Photography was first
utilized over 100 years ago in an attempt to preserve life as it existed before the industrial
revolution. Over time photography has gradually corrupted memory in a variety of ways, despite its
original intention to preserve it. From there, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most criticized type of anthropological photograph is the image that separates subjects from
their environments. The supposed goal of the separation is to highlight the subject's ethnicity and
culture. If the goal, however is to highlight culture, it seems that displaying the subject in his or her
own culture would be more effective. (Miller 135)
Irving Penn's Two New Guinea Men Holding Hands is a common example of the subject being
removed from the environment. (see fig. 1) The photograph taken in Penn's studio is in a style
popular among ethnographers; it has been used for years by E.S. Curtis and has recently been
refined by Richard Avedon. The background and the studio settings have been criticized widely as
"removing subjects from the daily flow of their lives and cross breeding fashion and
anthropology." (Miller 135) The effect of this photograph on memory is to imprint a false image not
only of two people but also of an entire culture. Penn's image gives his viewer no idea of how these
two men exist in reality. Because of the studio setting, the viewer cannot even safely assume that
this is how the two men really dress or interact with each other.
The most common association made between history and photography is not anthropology; it is the
documentation of the Holocaust. Holocaust photography has been and always will be burdened by
its inherent requirement to fulfill dual roles in society: the role of

Analysis Of Khushwant Singh Train And Pakistan
Topic
Student Name
University Name September 14, 2017
Train to Pakistan:
"In India, the summer of 1947 was not just another summer." With this simple, almost vulgar phrase,
the novel by Khushwant Singh Train to Pakistan (Train to Pakistan, 1956). No, that was not just any
summer. A year earlier, in the midst of the monsoon, India had attained independence from Britain
and the country had been divided into Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan. The same Khushwant
Singh was born in 1915 in Hadali, a town that after the territorial split incorporated to Pakistan.
"Well, according to the chronicle of reality, in the summer of 1946 there were serious disturbances
in Calcutta, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The daily life with its logical incidences was governed by the regular passage of the trains. Until
one–day thieves murder lender Lala Ram Lal, a train from Pakistan loaded with bodies that are
cremated is stopped at the station, return them to the Pakistani area (Raizada, H. 1986). A group of
young radicals, including the assassins of the usurer, have the chilling project of massacring those
who until the day before had been their gentlemen assaulting the train that takes them to Pakistan.
Train to Pakistan happens, a classic of Khushwant Singh 's Indian written work that now recovers
with astonishing Asteroid Books.
Regardless of anything else, there is a character called, Hukum Chand, the Magistrate and Deputy
Commissioner of the District, who is a worse executive and a typical government worker.
Hukum Chand as a Magistrate needs to guarantee the rights and the high and human regards; yet he
appreciates inclined and devilish activities. He enrolls Haseena, a sixteen year old girl, a prostitute
who is likewise as old as his daughter to meet his suggestive delights.
The second character through whom Singh laughs at the educated, westernized and involved Indians
is Iqbal who is a social worker deputed by his gathering (People 's Party) to deal with the things and
bring care to the dominant part of Mano Majra. Iqbal is a westernized character (WOG) like Sir
Mohan Lal in "Karma" and Santosh Sen in "A Bride for the Sahib." Iqbal 's refined

At the Time of the Louisville Flood Essay
The image I have chosen is one by Margaret Bourke–White, titled "At the Time of the Louisville
Flood". Margaret Bourke–White was born on June 14, 1904. She first gained recognition as an
industrial photographer based in Cleveland, Ohio and worked for the magazine company known as
Fortune. She then became one of the founding member for the magazine LIFE, having shot the very
first cover of their magazine. Margaret's name became world–famous for her amazing photographs,
even more impressive to have accomplished this at a time when is was a man's world.
This photograph really gets my attention due to the great irony illustrated in it. When looking at this
picture I first take notice to the huge billboard at the back of the setting in ... Show more content on
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Digital manipulation was highly unlikely at that time so the picture was seen in its purity.
Having this photography in black and white makes the subject
Furthermore, this photograph is more powerful in black and white rather than in color because the
contrast between the main subjects is more obvious. It is taken from an ordinary perspective and
angle which draws the viewers in easily. The picture is therefore divided into two parts supplement
to each other from this point of view.
This is an effective and influential piece due to the issue brought up by the irony. Through her
photograph, Margaret Bourke–White successfully depicted the living standard of African Americans
in reality back in the 1930's compared to the so called "American dream." This is one of my favorite
photographs because of the truthfulness it represents. This image not only brings the suffering of the
flood victims to the viewers but also demonstrates the mock made by the billboard toward the
victims.
If this photograph is presented without any descriptions and title, it would make little sense to the
spectators. Without showing the very front of the bread line, it would be hard for viewers to know
who are the people

Argumentative Essay: The Value Of Family Photography
Emmet Gowin stands, presumably clothed, shielded by his camera, separate from the world he is
creating within a vignetted frame. Before him lie two porcelain–pale nude bodies, sprawled upon the
pebbles of a shallow stream. The figures, a pregnant mother and her son, hold still for what must
seem like an uncomfortably long moment as evident by the camera's exposure not being fast enough
to freeze the stream to more than a blur. The shutter closes and then, do the figures stand up, redress,
and instantly switch back into their roles as Edith and Elijah, Gowin's wife and young son? The
image depicts familial relationships and motherhood and yet this is not a photograph one would
within the folds of a family scrapbook. Instead, thanks to photographers ... Show more content on
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While men have been consistently involved in family photography for decades, and are ultimately
responsible for the establishment of family photography as fine art, "family photography" as a genre
is assumed today to be "women's work." There is in fact a prominent and compelling collection of
photographic work that exists and illustrates the way men capture family within a frame. For better
or worse, male photographers were crucial in the establishment of family photography being
accepted as a genre of fine art photography. Family photography can serve as a means to form a
human connection. While the darkest moments of family life might not be included in a family
album they are relatable at the deepest, purest level. Male and female family photographers alike
were responding to a need to depict domestic pains felt through the universality of family. The
images retained within a family album diverge from fine art photographs because they attempt to
only memorialize the idealized stories of childhood and family travels and traditions. The ways men
and women grapple with public and private spaces are inherently very different. Consequently, the
perception of family work that brings the private to their eyes of the public falls along gender

Should Photojournalism or Documentary Photography Be...
"A photograph is not merely a substitute for a glance. It is a sharpened vision. It is the revelation of
new and important facts." ("Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History."). Sid Grossman, a Photo League
photographer expressed this sentiment, summarizing the role photography had on America in the
1940's and 50's. During this era, photojournalism climaxed, causing photographers to join the
bandwagon or react against it. The question of whether photography can be art was settled a long
time ago. Most major museums now have photography departments, and the photographs procure
pretty hefty prices. The question of whether photojournalism or documentary photography can be art
is now the question at hand. Art collectors are constantly looking ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He felt that FSA photographers used stylistic elements such as sharp focus, even lighting, and
frontal composition to mark their images as factual and that they should be read as unbiased. He felt
that the work should be described as documentary style.
American photographers of the late 1950's and 60's reinvented the documentary tradition.
Photographers like Diane Arbus, Garry Winogrand, and lee Friedlander looked at the world through
the "astonish–me" viewpoint. Diane Nemerove, or better known as Diane Arbus, was an American
Documentary Photographer known for her compelling, yet often disturbing portraits of people from
the edges of society. An example is the 1962 image of The Boy with the Hand Grenade in Central
Park. As a native New Yorker, Diane Arbus photographed the people of the city, but not just the
everyday. Arbus sought out those at the edge of society. She depicts the daily life, but with an
emphasis on the abnormality of the commonplace. When looking at the image of the boy in 1962,
the child seems no different from other children; his facial expression communicating a frustration
beyond the specific image. You see a boy with the strap of his shorts awkwardly hanging from his
shoulder, with his arms tense and his hands clenched in frustration; a toy replica hand grenade in his

Essay On Aboriginal People
During my interview with Margaret West of Bourke, NSW – I was able to gain first–hand
knowledge and understanding of the issues (healthcare, safety and education) that were faced by
some indigenous people during the 70's and 80's. After the interview concluded, I had enough
information to compare the policies of her generation in contrast to the modern policies that deal
with the same issues that were discussed in the interview. During the interview I was told about the
challenges faced in the 70s, which included poor health services to indigenous. Aboriginal Medical
Services (AMS), National Aboriginal and Islander Health Organisation (NAIHO) were then formed
to tackle the poor health issues. And when it came to education, it was also a problem ... Show more
For example the universal health insurance system, Medibank was introduced to allow mainstream
health services more affordable in 1975. Even though it was terminated in 1978, it was then
reintroduced as Medicare in 1984. In the early 1970s Aboriginal people were commonly confronted
with intolerance, prejudice and racism at every level of the nation's criminal justice system.
Aboriginal adults were eleven times more likely to be imprisoned than other Australians, and youth
twenty times more likely to be detained. In 1972 the Whitlam government eradicated the white
Australia policy and introduced a policy of self–determination, and in 1975, the racial
discrimination Act was put in effect and it was designed to acknowledge the prior ownership of
Australia by the Indigenous people. In January 2011 Australia was reviewed by the UN Human
Rights Council and in June 2011 Australia provided its response to the 145 recommendations made
by the Human Rights Council and amend their policy towards the indigenous people. The Racial
Discrimination Act 1975 has been fully reinstated in relation to the Northern Territory Emergency
Response December 2010. Putting of indigenous women in decision making positions for more
recognition and to improved there

Margaret Bourke-White Research Paper
Margaret Bourke–White, world–renowned photographer, was a true icon to the world because of her
unusual early life and education, her striking industrial photography career, powerful human–
interest photography, and her heroic battle with a crippling disease in her final years. Margaret
Bourke–White's younger years took a unique and interesting route. On June 14, 1904 (Browne 38),
Joseph and Minnie White (Goldberg 9) brought Margaret Bourke White (Welch 27) into the world
in the Bronx, New York (Oden 2). Margaret's was meant to be birthed on June 13, but after
discovering that Joseph and Minnie's anniversary was the next day, the doctor prolonged Minnie's
labor (Goldberg 7). Margaret had two siblings (Oden 2), Ruth and Roger (Welch 8). At a ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Margaret married Everett on June 13, 1924 (Welch 22), at the age of 19 (Browne 40). Unfortunately,
their marriage was doomed from the beginning by Everett's mother (Welch 22). Yet in December of
1924, Margaret found out she was with child (Goldberg 54). Due to the unstable condition of her
and Everett's marriage, Margaret intentionally caused herself to miscarry (Goldberg 54). In the time
she stayed married to Everett, Margaret attended Purdue University, studying paleontology, and then
moved to the Case Western Reserve School to major in education after moving to Cleveland, Ohio
(Welch 23). Unhappy in her marriage to Everett (Welch 23), Margaret divorced Everett in 1928
(Goldberg 90), and she was relieved to be out of the marriage (Welch 23). In 1925 (Sandler 130),
Margaret chose to complete her studies at Cornell University (Welch 23), graduating in 1927
(Sandler 130). The childhood and education of Margaret was intriguing, and it paved the way for her
place in the industrial

Parenting And Religion In Stephen King's Carrie '
In Stephen King's Carrie, later turned into a movie produced by Kevin Misher, with a screenplay by
Lawrence D. Cohen & Roberto Aguirre–Sacasa, Carrie White is a young girl who is subject to
mental and physical abuse. With a mother who believes life should revolve around praying, and
being religious, Carrie finds it nearly impossible to fit in socially. Due to dealing with her mother's
religious intensity, Carrie can't live the normal life she longs for. Carrie's home environment is toxic
in such ways that it creates physical and emotional strain, being made to attend chapel and worship
services on Sundays, Tuesdays, and Fridays Carrie can't participate in normal teenage activities such
as parties, football games, etc. Like all teenagers, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Every once in a while when Carrie worked up enough courage to ask her mother about things like
menstruation, she was accused of sinning for even thinking about those things. Carrie was alienated
from society, and ended up using her psychic powers to hurt the people who made fun of her.
The abuse that Carrie experienced from her mother, that started at such a young age – the day she
was born, impedes upon normal psychosocial development in an adolescent. When examining
Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development, Carrie missed a couple of stages, this is obvious to
any person that is familiar with the theory. In Erikson's first stage, "Trust Versus Mistrust, it is
essential that the child's caretaker provides proper compassion, love, and care to the child"
(Psych^5, pg. 244). Carrie's mother hasn't successfully delivered the proper care required to allow a
child to flourish. Margaret attempted to take Carrie's life on a couple of occasions, proving she was
unfit from the beginning. For example, in the very first scene of the movie Margaret attempted to
kill Carrie with a pair of scissors, she didn't go through with it, and later said that she was weak for
not giving Carrie to God. Due to all of the traumatic events Carrie has been through, she has failed
the Trust Versus Mistrust stage. She is unable to trust her own mother, and when she was asked to
the prom, she believed she was being tricked, the

The Art Of Photography : Art
The Art of Photography
Art imitates life, everywhere we find art. Speeches are an art form in their own. They summarize the
events going on in the country at that given time. Some artists have been so enchanted by some of
the presidential, political, activists that they produced art as an expression of their opinion of a
certain idea. The Civil war was the most photographed conflict of the 19th century. Mathew Brady,
Alexander Gardner, George Barnard and Timothy O'Sullivan were pioneers in photography. What
they captured was history with their cameras and equipment. Seventy years later, Margaret Bourke–
White transformed photojournalism during the most historic time period of the 20th century, as the
first woman war correspondent ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1855, Brady started using Ambrotypes, it was cheaper than the Daguerreotype, and it was
produced on a silver–coated sheet of glass. Matthew B. Brady employed Alexander Gardner a
Scotsman, in 1856. Gardner was skilled in the paper print process. Gardner and Brady came up with
Imperials images that could be printed repeatedly, especially for paper print photography. Brady
photographed many famous influential people during his time, including Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses
S. Grant, Harriet Tubman, Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams,Millard Fillmore, Jefferson Davis,
Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, Zachary Taylor, and Robert E. Lee. Brady
photographed Lincoln when he secured the republican nomination in 1860. Lincoln gave a powerful
antislavery lecture "Let us have faith that right makes might, and in that faith, let us, to the end dare
to do our duty as we understand"(Rosenheim 29) Lincoln 's speech was not far from Brad's studio,
there he captured one of the many portraits he would take of Lincoln. This photograph was
duplicated into many different sizes and forms, it contributed widely to Lincoln 's presidential
campaign. "He received hardly any votes in the South and only about 40 percent nationwide"
(Ayers). Abraham Lincoln won the four man race against John C. Breckinridge, John Bell, and
Stephen A. Douglas for the presidency. Lincoln won the November 6, 1860 election, and on
December 20, 1860 South Carolina seceded from the union,

The Themes Of Women In Carrie By Stephen King
Boys will be boys, and girls will be brutal. At least, that's the impression one gets from reading
Stephen King's novel, Carrie. Endless bullying from all students on Carrie White is common at
Ewen High, where the novel takes place, however, the bullying is taken more seriously by the girls.
Carrie lives an unfortunate life, alone with her strictly religious mother. These factors lead to the
wrath of Carrie White, the downfall of herself, and well, just about everyone else. King uses the
theme of women and femininity to demonstrate that females often conform to hateful stereotypes,
are completely different from men, and to show how religion can play a role in this. The first lesson
King gives the reader is how stupid and brutal women can be when sticking together in large groups.
In the opening scene, all of the girls in gym class were taking showers when Carrie White noticed
she was bleeding down her legs. While the other girls understood what was happening, Carrie did
not; she thought she was dying. Thinking that Carrie had had her period before, all of the girls,
including the "good" ones, begin to chant "plug it up" and throw feminine products at Carrie. It is no
wonder that King often uses metaphors about farm animals to describe girls in the novel, as they
stick together in herds. As recalled by the gym teacher, "I'm living in a glass house, see. I understand
how those girls felt. The whole thing just made me want to take [Carrie] and shake her. Maybe
there's some

1950s Women Themes
In an era overshadowed by male authors women writers made their indelible marks in creative
output also. Only a few women writers were critically acclaimed. Until 1950s women wrote mostly
on female themes like courtship and marriage, later they concentrated on complex relationships
among women, as well as ethnic and cultural experiences. Noted names of the period include
Carson McCullers best known for her works like the short story collection The Ballad of the Sad
Cafe (1951) and the play The Square Root of Wonderful (1957/58); Flannery O'Conner whose
popular novel like Wise Blood (1925), and short story collection like A Good Man is Hard to Find
and Other Stories (1955) dealt with themes like race, poverty and religion; Anne Morrow Lindbergh,

Racial Inequalities In America
Racial Inequality and the American Dream
Studies show that police are more likely to pull over and frisk blacks or Latinos than whites. In New
York City, 80% of the stops made were blacks and Latinos, and 85% of those people were frisked,
compared to a mere 8% of white people stopped (11 Facts about Racial Discrimination). America is
known as the land of opportunity. Immigrants and people come from far and wide seeking success
and achieving their dream in this land. There is a reason for that and throughout history this reason
hasn't changed. America is a melting pot. The most diverse country in the world. We have Asians,
African Americans, Chinese, Indians and much more all living together as one. You go into any big
business, law firm or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is a reason why blacks are quicker to be arrested then whites, or why white neighborhoods
look nicer then black neighborhoods, or why blacks are accused of crimes more than whites. Most
people will think it is the way of the world. Racial discrimination will always exist in America. It
doesn't need to be this way. Our government does not care enough about the black people and it
clearly shown. There should be a law against police just arresting blacks for no reason. They should
have their neighborhoods fixed up too. It shouldn't be legal to just be able to accuse a black person
of a crime because he happened to be standing there. There are so many more examples of this and
it just shows how are government thinks impartially too and doesn't believe the black people are
important or worth their time. Richard Hughes was very bothered by this and he did a study with his
students to show them how blacks are treated unfairly. They analyzed crimes and arrests of black
people in the past few months. The looked at how much less money the government puts into black
housing then whites. "The sources include historical and recent statistics on race, wealth, and
housing; a 1937 photograph by Margaret Bourke–White juxtaposing African American flood
victims and a billboard proclaiming, "There's No Way Like the American Way" (Hughes139). The
students after doing this all got the point and all felt the same way as the teacher. "a broader sense of
racial discrimination," one student wrote, "Even after their emancipation after the Civil War, African
Americans have faced many forces preventing them from living the „American Dream‟ (139). He
felt the importance of his students going into the world after school, understanding this and maybe
trying to get the government to handle this issue.

Susan Sontag's The Allegory Of The Cave
When was the last time you looked at a photograph and actually thought to yourself "Wow! I
actually fully understand the image I am currently viewing."? If you haven't ever done that before
then you are with 99.99% of the population. However, if one views a well–crafted and carefully
planned photograph they will actually honestly understand it. I qualify Susan Sontag's claim that
"All possibility of understanding is rooted in the ability to say no. Strictly speaking, it is doubtful
that a photograph can help us to understand anything" due to conflicting reasons. On one level,
Sontag is correct because when people view an image they look at it in an extremely basic and
simple way without looking at it from a different perspective. Most viewers wouldn't be able to see
the real reason the photographer has shot the photo. It would be the literary equivalent of someone
reading "The Allegory of the Cave" literally like a story about prisoners in cave staring at shadows
instead of looking at the true meaning of the analogy. Despite this, Sontag can be ... Show more
On paper it just looks like a fairly ordinary photograph of a young girl living in a developing
country but it goes much deeper. The contrasting colors and hues of her face, tattered clothes and
eyes displayed the hardships she went through without any words. Those hardships were from living
in a refugee camp and the death of her parents. Without any context besides that she was from
Afghanistan people were moved by the image and understood it so well that some people even
volunteered at refugee camps like the ones she lived in. The photograph proved that people can truly
understand a photograph if given an image of excellence. Photographer Margaret–Bourke White
further clarifies my point by stating that documentary photography brings a viewer "closer to the
realities of

The Great Depression And The American Dream Essay
The Great Depression was an era in America of economic and social ruin. At the depression's peak,
25% of the population was unemployed and millions of Americans were in poverty (DeClair
9/5/17). However, the economic and social change that occurred in America due to the Great
Depression were the main muses for American artists of the time (DeClair 9/26/2017). The visual
arts, music, dance, and film contributed to the American identity by displaying and distributing the
new American values that emerged in the Great Depression, and pride and hope for the primarily
impoverished American population. One of the elements of American identity during the Great
Depression was the "American Dream," which was the goal for many, yet was seemingly
unattainable. The American Dream, which was popularized by author James Truslow Adams in
1931, became the ideal lifestyle for Americans and typically comprised of a picturesque family in a
clean suburban neighborhood founded on hard work, dedication, community, and faith in the
government (Dickstein 5). This visual can be found in the billboard featured in Margaret Bourke–
White's photograph titled "Kentucky Flood." The billboard displays a young white family, including
a mother, father, two children, and a dog, driving in a car next to the phrase "There's no way like the
American way!" This image perfectly depicts the model life that Americans aspired to live – one of
stability and independence. However, this photograph openly mocks and

Did Margaret Bourke-White Influence The Image Of The...
Did the Holocaust occur
The Holocaust was a genocide that took place in Germany in 1933 through 1945. In 1933 Adolf
Hitler had become ruler of Germany and gave himself the title "Füher". Being the leader of the
Germans and Nazis, he and his followers believed that Germans were racially superior to the Jews
and thought they were to be punished. At first Jews were arrested and even killed for uncommitted
crimes. Then came the ghettos when the Nazis would push Jewish people into smaller, crowded
sections of cities and store them until transferring them to more restricted concentration camps.
After arriving in the camps, Jews were separated from friends and family, worked until they were
weak and some eventually lost their lives at the hands of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Some famously known autobiographies are ones such as "Night" by Elie Weisel, "Man's Search for
Meaning" by Viktor E. Frankl, "A Lucky Child: A Memoir of Surviving Auschwitz as a Young Boy"
by Thomas Buergenthal. All of these are just a few examples of the very many stories written about
the Holocaust. Another popularly known author is Anne Frank and her diary, although she did not
survive her story helped carry a message of how living during the Holocaust would've felt.
Another big example of how the Holocaust was a real event is the survivors. Although many were
young at the time, survivors still live to tell their stories about their horrific experiences there. Some
of them have been able to share on media such as talk shows, through books and traveling to give
speeches. A well known author, political activist, Nobel Laureate and Holocaust survivor is Elie
Wiesel. He was born in 1928, just a few years before Hitler gained control. He wrote a book,
"Night", which explains his struggles during the Holocaust that was similar to all the others
experiences that were in it as

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