Cellana Ornata

Cellana Ornata
The focus of my investigation is to consider ways in which the abiotic factors, biotic factors and the
biology effect my chosen integrated organisms, Cellana Radians and Cellana Ornata. Which then
explains their particular community pattern within the rocky shores ecosystem. The pattern recorded
here is "Zonation", we see that the Cellana Radians are found further down the rock shore, in low
tidal zones while the Cellena Ornata are found up the shore. This investigation will focus on why
certain limpets are found in different zones, through the different biotic and abiotic features present.
The rocky shore we explored is a marine reserve, no humans are allowed to hunt for animals there
and the environment is left as it was found. It is a place of which both the community and
researchers are encouraged to keep as natural as possible. The rocks there have been identified as
greywacke, and old rock made up of "eons of layering, tectonic uplift, folding and erosion" (Smith).
These rocks have been modified by the weathering conditions such as wind and rain also. The
specific environmental history of these rocks is what makes this a particularly important
conservation area. (Rocky Shores, n.d.). The waves and currents present can vary dramatically. At
low tide, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, the Cellnana Radians have flatter shells than the Cellnana Ornata. This is because the
Cellnana Radians are found in the lower tidal zones, meaning only for short amounts each day are
these shells exposed and above water. For this reason, they do not face the hash waves to the same
degree as the limpets that occupy further up the shore. The Cellnana Ornata, found further up the
shore line has a more conical shell, this allows it to be more resistant to the stronger waves it
endures, as the energy from the waves has more surface area to be disturbed over. (Creature of the
Week/Ornatae Limpets and Radiate
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Effect Of Velocity Of Water On The Abundance Of...
s there a significant correlation between the abundance of caseless caddis and the velocity of fresh
water?
An investigation to see whether the velocity of water in river has an effect on the abundance of
caseless caddis
Background information
Velocity of water
Flow of water is very important within the ecosystem as it has an effect on other abiotic factors such
as temperature which then has a knock on effect on where certain plant chose to live within the river
or steam.
The presence of a certain velocity of water within a river affect the biota within it as it carriers or
supports them. In rivers especially discharges vary seasonally, which imposes changes within a
biological community. 1 Water velocity can affect the amount of ... Show more content on
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It is shown that with the ocean, one of the biggest factors in order to promote the diversity within it
is how fast the water flows, it is proven that with the increase in flow, along with it comes the
number of invertebrate species that live under the rocks within that water. 3
Nature of the Caseless Caddis.
Caseless Caddis larvae are normally found in habitats such as lakes, streams and ponds. They have
certain adaptations which allow them to tolerate low oxygen concentrations. Each of the Caseless
Caddis is adapted to specific conditions such as water temperatures and sunlight exposure.
The Caseless Caddis's are relatives of the moths and it is the larval stage of the Caseless caddis the
aquatic stage of its life. A quality of the fly larva is that they make silk threads which help them
adapt to the conditions that they live in.
The Caseless caddis have adapted so that they create a silk tube in which they are then able to live
within the fast flowing water. Many of the caseless caddis is associated with a particular speed of
flow, mainly fast. The caseless caddis have adapted in a way that they have their abdomens placed
safely within the silk tubing they have. As a result of this sclerotisation may have been made in
order to protect them from small stones and other material hitting them as their habitat is within fast

Differentiated Instruction Scenarios
Differentiated Instruction Scenario
The title of my lesson is Environmental Barometer. This lesson will take approximately 45–60
minutes of preparation time and a 45–minute session to conduct a field investigation. The lesson is
in groups of 3 to 4 students. The materials for the lesson include clipboards, one copy per group of
Biotic and Abiotic Features Data Sheet, reference materials (tree, bird, amphibian, insect guides), a
selection of instruments to study abiotic features of an ecosystem (anemometer, thermometer, and
soil pH tester). The students will compare and contrast abiotic and biotic components inventoried at
two outdoor study locations in an effort to explore wildlife as indicators of ecosystem health. The
teacher will choose ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I will prepare students for the day's lesson by quickly summarizing the order of various activities
planned. Explain, for example, that a review of the previous lesson will be followed by new
information and that both groups will be expected. I will give follow–up directions. For example,
provide oral and written instructions when going outside and what expectations are needed for them.
Recommendations for Dyslexia students:
I will provide a glossary of the terms used in the lesson. The students will benefit from a glossary of
content–related terms. I will also repeat the directions to make sure the students understand the
investigation.
Recommendations for Autism students:
I will demonstrate the instructions of the investigations by using hand signals. I will provide extra
time for the students to complete the investigations.
Recommendations for learning disorder:
I will provide extra time for the students to complete the investigations. I will adjust my questions
and level of complexity based on what fits that particular student.
Recommendations for behavior disorder:
I will use a calm but firm voice when talking to students. If a problem arises I will clearly explain
the problem and state consequences. I will also acknowledge improvements in

The Development of an Artificial Life based Software...
The behavior of a solution or a service can be analyzed by taking into account the interaction
between the components of the software. These interactions can be analyzed by developing a
framework based on Artificial Life. This calls for the development of an Artificial Life based
Software Ecosystem model. This paper proposes a framework using Artificial Life in the Software
Ecosystem. In order to find the gaps in the existing methodologies, extensive literature review has
been carried out. It was found that the interest in the topic has been on the increase and the advent of
professional Ecosystems has helped popularizing the phenomenon. However, the present framework
do not use the data related to evolution of the Software for later stages. The proposed methodology
would pave way of Artificial Life in Software Ecosystem.
1. INTRODUCTION A Software Ecosystem (SE) considers developers, clients, operating system,
underlying hardware and other peripheral components. A SE considers the concept of evolution of
the software in the same way as the evolution of a natural ecosystem. It has been pointed out by
many researchers that considering the system's evolution would lead to a better and comprehensive
analysis of the software which would ultimately help in management and development of new
versions. The point can be understood by the following analogy. If we consider that evolution of a
human being, then what humans have done in order to achieve, what they have been able to

The Duckweed Experiment: Effects of Lowering Light...
Abstract Duckweed is a small aquatic plant that is able to grow rapidly, making it the ideal specimen
for our experiment. It is hypothesized that altering the amount of light received by duckweed will
alter its photosynthetic rate. It is predicted that a lower light intensity will lower the rate of growth
in duckweed. Two treatment groups were covered with a screen in order to reduce light intensity.
Both groups were kept under a controlled light source for fourteen days and plant counts were taken
at regular intervals. The ravg for the experimental group was 0.1613 and the ravg for the control
group was 0.2047. The results indicated that our predictions were correct; duckweed that received
less light exhibited a lower rate of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The average population on day 13 for the treatment group was 172.5 individuals and 307 individuals
for the control group. Our results show that the group which received less light had a lower
population count and exhibited a lower overall per capita growth rate. The average population count
for duckweed in the treatment groups was lower than that in the control groups for each day data
was recorded (Table 1). By day fourteen, the average population size of the control group reached
307 individuals, nearly twice that of the treatment group (Table 1). Table I: Population count for
duckweed in the presence/absence of a screen over a period of fourteen days Day Average
population count of Duckweed in the absence of a screen Average population count of Duckweed in
the presence of a screen 0 20.5 19.5 5 53 45 7 85 65 11 185.5 138 13 307 172.5 Using the
experimental data, we calculated the per capita population growth rate of Lemna minor using the
equation r = 1/t∙ln(Nt/N0). The results showed that duckweed grown in the presence of a screen
exhibited a lower per capita growth rate than duckweed grown in the absence of a screen (Table 2).
Table II: Calculated per–capita population growth rate (r) values for each group over a fourteen day
period. All values measured in day–1 Day Duckweed grown in the absence of screen (1) Duckweed
grown in the absence of screen (2) Duckweed grown in the presence of

Taking a Look at Taiga Biome
Taiga Biome
Take a peek inside to learn all about the magnificent Taiga biome.
As we travel through the Taiga you will be taken to four different locations.
1. The Wild Taiga in Finland– This historic place is home to the Taiga's beautiful nature. Enjoy
crystal blue waters, and in the winter months enjoy touring the Esker Valleys which were said to be
formed during the time of the Ice Age.
2. The Wood Buffalo National Park is located in Canada and is a part of the Taiga Biome. You will
see a variety of animals such as Wolves, Bears, and foxes. You will also see the Taiga's keystone and
indicator species in this area.
3. The next stop is The Great Bear Lake in Northern Canada. This is Canada's largest lake. Unlike
other lakes in the world, this one is fairly clean. It has no evidence of human activity. You will be
taken on a large boat across the Lake to enjoy the beautiful sights of the Taiga.
4. The last stop on the tour will be Mackenzie River. The Mackenzie River is larger than the
Mississippi River. You will be taken by the Marshland to see productive wildlife and learn all about
the Taiga Biome.
Faunal
The American Black Bear can be spotted in the Taiga fairly easy. It's huge demurer is easily spotted
as it weighs up to 230–500 lbs. They will eat anything, but most of the diet comes from plants. Be
careful not to get too close as these creatures can be very protective and aggressive.
The Gray Wolf is the biggest canine in the Taiga. To adapt the Gray Wolf has very

Essay about Cmis 102 Hw 2
CMIS 102 Homework 2 Problem Analysis In order to calculate the total price to purchase all the
components required to build a state–of–the–art gaming computer, state–of–the–art must be defined.
For the purposes of this program design, state–of–the–art is defined as a set of computer
components that are capable of operating current games to a satisfactory level. A sample of
minimum and recommended hardware requirements for modern games was taken and a baseline
established for components that satisfy those requirements. Additional hardware was selected that
exceeds the requirements to establish options representing mid–range and bleeding–edge
components. These three sets of components were researched online to determine prices ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These tasks directly correspond to the modules of our design. An input module will display a list of
11 drop down boxes, one for each component type. Each drop–down box will contain the options
available for that component type, with the baseline category option as the default. A calculation
module will look up the prices for the selected components in the database and compute the sum
total. A display module will output the result to the user. A main module will tie the other modules
together and coordinate the calling of each module and the data passed between them.
MAIN_MODULE: /* Set the defaults to baseline components */ SET selectedComponents =
baselineComponents CALL INPUT_MODULE SET totalPrice = CALCULATE_MODULE CALL
DISPLAY_MODULE(totalPrice) INPUT_MODULE: FOR EACH component type get list of
components from the database of TYPE component type populate the combo box for component
type with the list of components of that type END FOR /* Wait for the user to finish input then store
the selections */ SET selectedComponents = values of the drop down boxes RETURN
CALCULATE_MODULE: SET totalPrice = 0 FOR EACH component IN selectedComponents SET
currentComponentPrice = look up the PRICE of the component in the database totalPrice =
totalPrice + currentComponentPrice END FOR RETURN totalPrice

Chaumapsipho Brunnea And Sirens Rock Research Paper
Distribution of Chamapsipho brunneas and Lepsiella Scobina at Sirens' Rock
In Order to analyse the Distribution of C.brunneas and L.scobina, Year twelve Biology classes had
to go down to the " Sirens' Rock" on the south coast of wellington. The Habitat is mainly rock but
there are rock pools from when the high tide went down the water couldn't get out. Chamapsipho
brunnea or Brown Barnacle are a type of barnacle found in the mid–high tides parts of rocky shores.
Brown Barnacle are also known as filter feeders so they feed off of algae and plankton. Brown
Barnacle are not found in the low tide zones for this reason their shells can close off meaning that
they can survive out of water longer by keeping water locked in their shells. Lepsiella Scobina or
oyster borer are a predatory sea snail species. they feed off of barnacle and other prey they are found
in the mid–high tide zones of rocky shores and not low tide. Oyster borer are frequently hidding in
crevices to hide from predators. Oyster borer are not found in high tide but mid–low tides as they
can not close their shells off completely
Abiotic Factors affecting the Distribution of Chamapsipho brunneas and Lepsiella scobina ... Show
Competition can be intraspecific meaning between members of the same species or interspecific
meaning members of others species. If a brown barnacle is in a competition between members of its
own species or with a member of another species it will try to not stick its bottom by anything else
so it will be able to get enough food to survive. Brown barnacle has a hard shell so when predators
like the oyster borer come up at high tide and mid tide to kill and eat it, the brown barnacle will try
and fight it off but it does not always win. The brown barnacle feed off of algae that is on the same
rock as them by scooping water and any food into the opening of its shell. The brown barnacle also
feed of off

The Effect Of Light Intensity On Jubilee Park
Claudelands bush. Jubilee park is a 5.2 hectare Kahikatea forest, remains of a much bigger semi–
swamp lowland forest before it was cut down. There are around 74 plant species currently found in
the forest. The main factor which affects the stratification within the forest is light intensity.
Stratification is the formation of layers in which trees/plants form in certain environments e.g:
Forests. I predict that trees/plants higher up in the forest (e.g: canopy layer) will receive more
sunlight compared to those on the forest floor or shrub layer.The two plants I will be investigating
are the Kiekie (Freycenita Banksii) and Kahikatea (Podocarpus Dacrydioides) Biotic and abiotic
factors which can have an affect on the plants/trees include: Air ... Show more content on
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If Astelia was really high where the wind intensity is strong then the plant would fall off the branch
and be damaged. Therefore it is in the areas where wind is not strong. Mositure is another abiotic
factor if water is not sufficient then the plant will not be able to carry out photosynthesis and
therefore have no energy to carry out its daily processes. Air temperature can affect the rate at which
photosynthesis can occur if conditions are too hot or too cold this could slow down the
process.Light intensity is a very important product for photosynthesis, without sufficient light
photosynthesis cannot be carried out. Birds
Insects: eat leave
Birds:seeds
Intterspecific: too many atelier on a tree
The plant would be adapted to reduced light intensities because the canopy will still be slightly
shaded from the canopy but still receiving high light intensity.
They are used by forest birds as bird nests, support invertebrate animal populations, support other
plant life, and provide food for the birds
Fruit – raw. Sweet, fleshy and juicy, it is pleasant to eat
Soil does not form easily on trunks and branches and as they are sunnier, windier and better drained
than the ground, they suffer both more frequent and more severe droughts. In response to these
stressful conditions many epiphytes have evolved modifications enabling them to store water and to
reduce its loss by evaporation. Water can be stored internally in special

SOP for weekly maintenance Essay
HHD 53rd Transportation Battalion
7th Sustainment Brigade
Fort Eustis, VA 23604
HHD 3rd Platoon Weapons Maintenance SOP
AFD–Q6FG 10–0013
Effective Date 29 October 2013
1. PURPOSE: To address the clearing, disassembling, cleaning, inspection for serviceability,
lubricating and reassembling of the M4 or M4A1 carbine.
2. APPLICABILITY: 3rd Platoon, HHD 53rd Transportation BN.
3. REFERENCES: Lubricate Order (LO); STP 21–1–SMCT; TM 9–1005–319–10; DA Form 2404
Equipment Inspection and Maintenance Worksheet.
4. RESPONSIBILITIES: You are to complete three copies of DA ... Show more content on
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(3) Pull the handguards free.
c. Push the take down pin as far as it will go.
d. Pivot the upper receiver from the lower receiver.
e. Push the receiver pivot pin in as far as it will go.
f. Separate the upper and lower receivers.
g. Remove carrying handle, if applicable.
(1) Loosen the screws on the left side of the clamping bar.
(2) Lift the handle off once the clamping bar is loose.
h. Pull back the charging handle.
i. Remove the bolt carrier and bolt.
j. Remove the charging handle.
k. Disassemble the bolt carrier.
(1) Remove the firing pin retaining pin.
STP–21–1–SMCT 11 September 2012 3–3
Performance Steps
Note: Do not spread open or close split end of pin.

(2) Push in bolt assembly to locked position.
CAUTION
Do not drop or hit the firing pin. Damage to the pin may cause the weapon to malfunction. (3) Drop
firing pin out of rear of bolt carrier.
(4) Remove the bolt cam pin by turning it one–quarter of a turn and lifting it out.
(5) Remove bolt assembly from carrier.
(6) Press the rear of the extractor pin to check spring function.
Note: Any weak springs should be reported to the unit armor for replacement.
(7) Remove the extractor pin by pushing it out with the firing pin.
(8) Lift out the extractor and spring, taking care that the spring does not separate from the extractor.
l. Remove buffer and buffer spring from buttstock.
(1) Press in buffer depress retainer and release buffer.
(2) Remove buffer and action

Causes Of Deforestation In Madagascar
Deforestation on the island of Madagascar, an island off of the coast of Africa, has caused major
destruction of habitat for species and a reduction in numbers of plants and trees. The island used to
be largely covered in dense forests which were home to many species of lemur and other animals.
Now, ⅘ of the island is bare and uninhabitable for these animals. Deforestation on the island
progresses at around 150,000 to 200,000 hectares of forests cut down each year. Because of this
many plants and animals that only occur in the wild on Madagascar are endangered. The problem
has effects on both abiotic factors as well as the biotic factors, which include animals and plants.
Some of the abiotic things impacted include lakes and shorelines. One of the main causes for the
deforestation is slash–and–burn agriculture. In this technique, small areas of forest are cut down and
everything is burned to clear the area and introduce some nutrients into the ground. Then, rice is
planted and grown for a few years. After some time, all of the nutrients are depleted from the ground
and rice cannot grow well anymore. Because of this, farmers have to continuously cut down more
and more forest. The reason that this is such a common thing on Madagascar is because most people
are poor and need food, so they resort to this destructive technique that leaves land barren and
unable to support growth.
The impacts on biotic factors are obvious. One–third of the island's 1,600 unique species of plants

Fire Suppression And Its Effects On The American Northeast
For most of the 20th century active fire exclusion was the rule in the American southwest. Previous
to suppression policies, ponderosa pine and dry mixed–conifer forests experienced a frequent, low–
to mixed–severity fire regime (Agee 1996, Allen et al. 2002). As a result of a century of fire
suppression, successional trajectories have been significantly altered, in that ponderosa pine and dry
mixed–conifer forests have become increasingly dense with late successional, non–fire–adapted
trees and excess accumulations of surface fuels (Parsons and Debenedetti 1979, Higgens et al.,
2015). Despite efforts to aggressively suppress fires, several large, severe wildfires have occurred
throughout the southwest in recent decades. Post–fire, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hence, larger patches of high–severity fire may decrease forest resilience or result in unfamiliar
successional trajectories.
The questions facing managers is how will these severely burned areas recover in an era of changing
climate? Will forest structure and vegetation be permanently altered? In areas where past high–
severity fires have burned, recent large fires have struck again, further complicating stand recovery
and adding another challenge for land managers; thus, we will need greater insight as to how, and if,
high–severity burned areas can continually recover (Seager and Vecchi 2010). Improved
understanding of the processes of successional changes in mixed–conifer forests will help facilitate
management efforts to sustain the many resources valued in these ecosystems (Meng, 2015).
Though many studies of post–fire succession exist, due to methodological constraints at the
temporal scale, many studies are limited to either long–term (Abella et al. 2015, O 'Connor et al.
2014, Odion et al., 2014) succession or short–term (Higgens et al. 2014, Keeling et al. 2006, Mast &
Wolf 2006) successional studies or monitoring permanent plots for successive years (Moore et al.
2004). We propose to quantify a space–for–time sequence of successional trajectories across the
greater landscape of the Coconino National Forests area. This approach assumes the only difference
between sites is due to age; however, because forest stands vary due to environmental and
management

Environment And Human Environment
Ecosystems is the dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro–organism communities and their
non–living environment that work together to form a functional unit and they are constantly
changing due to the fluctuating equilibrium from natural stress and human action which has had
adversarial impacts on ecosystems. This is evident in Minnamurra rainforest as human induced
modifications and environmental stresses had resulted in a vulnerable ecosystem. Furthermore, the
removal of factors that contribute to the vulnerability of an ecosystem is important as it affect the
functioning of the ecosystem as processes are accelerated, biodiversity is decreased which greatly
affects humans. Despite the negative effects caused by humans, they have discovered that
ecosystems are susceptible from harm caused by natural environmental factors or human impacts
and realised the importance of protecting and managing ecosystems therefore have implemented
management strategies that are supposed to prevent further detriment and as a consequence may
induce resiliency.
Within Minnamurra rainforest all biophysical components rely on each other, for example changes
to the lithosphere (gaseous elements surrounding the earth), can cause stress to the flora and fauna
within the ecosystem and impact other abiotic factors. Human interaction has also caused many
detrimental impacts on the ecosystem through changes in lithospheric processes. For instance
littering can bring unwanted diseases that can affect

The Ecological Pattern Of Zonation Within The Pauatahanui...
Biology Internal Assessment 2.6 Edward Sargent
Introduction
My investigation was to analyse the ecological pattern of zonation within the Pauatahanui Inlet
estuary at Motukaraka Point. Our focus was to compare the distribution of invertebrate species from
the low tide point to the high tide points of the estuary. This estuary is formed by fresh water from
streams meeting saltwater from the Tasman Sea. We found the pattern of zonation by randomly
placing three 0.3m x 03.m quadrats at 5 metre intervals along an interrupted belt transect line that
was placed at a right–angle to the estuary mouth (Low Tide Point). We recorded the number of
invertebrate organisms on the surface of the mud within the quadrat and then dug down 5cm below
the surface to observe the organisms located there. The main abiotic factor that affects these
organisms is aerial exposure (tidal movement), we also measured the abiotic factors that affect these
organisms, and these included salinity percentage, pH levels, temperatures of the air & substrate and
the light levels. The invertebrates we will be investigating are the Tunnelling Mud Crab (Helice
Crassa) and the Cockle (Austrovenus Stuchburyi). Due to the mud crabs natural instinct to hide in
their burrows when approached, one mud crab burrow was counted as a single mud crab. Also this
particular estuary had consistent cover of single cockle shells from the deceased invertebrates, to
ensure we

Questions On Biotic Relationships
...This is my nine weeks exam essay on Biotic Relationships.The Biotic Relashionships are
mutalism, commensalism, paristims, predation, and competion.My nine weeks exam essay is also
going to be about abiotic,bitotic,organisms,populations,commuties,ecoysystems,and biomes. As you
read along you can get to understand the Biotic Relationships. ..The Biotic Relationships are
mutualism,commensalism,parasitism,predation,and competition. This paragraph is about
mutualism.What is mutualism? How many host does this relationship need? Do it do any good
affection to either of the host? What are some examples? Mutualism is ⅕ Boitic
Realashionship.Mutaulism is a relashionship between more than one host.In the mutaulism
realshionship both of the host gets ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What is competition?How many host does this relationship need ? Do it do any good affection to
either of the host? What are some examples?Competition is 5/5 Biotic Relationships.Competition is
a relationship between more than one specie.Competition is a relationship where the animals does
not have any empathy for each other and they can be in the same environment.Competition
relationship is basically saying that the animals in the same environment can't get along. An
example for competition can be a gorillas zebras eagles and etc in the same environment that don't
belong together. Competition is a Biotic Relationship. ..What are abiotic things, Where can they be
found? Abiotic things are dead factors that are part of an environment. Abiotic things are nonliving
things such as water rocks light nutrients ,soil, temperatures,and etc.Abiotic factors are not just
things that you can see it can be things that you can't see like temperatures,and the air. Abiotic things
are nonliving some you can see some you can't. Abiotic things live in all

Sacred Heart College 's Year 12 Biology Class
Wednesday 18 February 2015, Sacred Heart College's Year 12 biology class took a field trip to
'Siren's Rock', located between Island Bay and Owhiro Bay on Wellington's South Coast. The
pattern which was being investigated across the rocky shore was zonation. Zonation is a community
pattern that occurs along an environmental gradient and is caused by the change in an environmental
factor changing the distribution of species which results in species being present in zones or bands.
This report will focus on the relationship between, and how this affects the zonation pattern on the
shore of, the two species Cellana denticulata; commonly known as the Denticulate Limpet, and
Syprachiton pelliserpentis; the Snakeskin Chiton. Cellana denticulata The first species studied was
the Cellana denticulata. This species is a true limpet from the marine gastropod mollusc group and is
the most commonly found on Siren's Rock. Denticulate limpets have a cone shaped shell which is
covered in ridges to increase the surface area to radiate heat therefore increase cooling for the
organism. It grips to rocks with its fleshy, muscular foot, and also grinds the edge of their shell into
the rock so they fit perfectly together. In order to avoid dessication, the limpets pull down their shell
and clamp over a pocket of water while still submerged so they can retain the water during low tide.
C. denticulata are also homing limpets; this means that they have a specific home mark which they
live at and

Spanish Moss
Spanish moss is a vascular epiphyte that belongs to the genus known as Tillandsia. Epiphytes do not
typically harm the tree species that it resides on. Epiphytes such as Spanish
moss(TillansiaUaneoides) is not dependent on the tree for nutrients; however, it uses the tree for
mechanical support. It produces seeds that are transported by the wind which causes it to be found in
various locations; however, spanish moss may not survive living on some tree hosts and be found
more frequently on certain tree species than others. This is largely due to the fact that biotic factors
and abiotic factors contribute to the distribution of Spanish moss found in certain environments.
Biotic and abiotic factors determine both where an organism can live ... Show more content on
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This could be due to the increased amount of foliar minerals on the dying tree, so "it is possible that
differences in availability of minerals in various tree canopies could determine the local distribution
of Spanish moss"(Marks and Schlesinger 1977). The availability of minerals also plays a crucial role
with the amount of spanish moss found on cypress and hardwoods versus pine trees. Pine trees do
not generally leach nearly as much minerals as cypress and hardwood trees do. Mark and
Schlesinger inferred that cypress and hardwood trees possess a higher percentage of Calcium,
Magnesium, and Potassium than pine trees(1977). The differences in minerals, host preferences and
other abiotic and biotic factors of Spanish moss could possibly contribute to the lack of Spanish
moss found in pine trees versus the amount found in hardwood trees at Lake

Human Distribution Patterns Of Acacia Saligna
Abstract
Distribution patterns of Acacia saligna are quite diverse in South Africa especially taking under
consideration that they do not have immediate threats that inhibit their spread. However, this species
occurs in very different environmental gradients, as it can occur from a wet habitat/area to a bare
rock surface that is a very dry habitat. Due to such observations for the distribution of this species a
question is imposed in this paper as to how do traits vary along environmental gradients? Two
phenotypic traits/characteristics are investigated, Specific Leaf Area (SLA) and wood–density. SLA
was calculated by adding the total sum of all the leaf area per individual and dividing that with the
total sum of all the leaf dry mass per individual. SLA = Total leaf area/ Dry leaf mass, SLA unit
g/cm². The highest value for SLA is at the dry site, intermediate in wet site and lowest in the ultra–
dry site. The wood–density for branch and stem samples was calculated using the latest dry mass
value/ volume. Wood–density unit measure is g/cm³. The stem wood–density was highest at the
ultra–dry site, followed by wet site and then the dry site. Branch wood–density was highest at the
dry site, intermediate at ultra–dry site and lowest at the wet site.
Introduction
Acacia saligna is a small tree endemic to the Swan Coastal plain in the Mediterranean climate region
of south–west Australia and is widely naturalized in Mediterranean–type ecosystems throughout the
world (Tozer and

Abiotic Factors Affecting The Quality Of Life Society
There are several essential factors that contribute to the quality of life society enjoys today. One of
these factors is the ability to produce crops such as corn, soybeans, wheat, cotton, and several
others. On occasion these crops experience stressors. These stressors can be from abiotic or biotic
factors. Biotic stressors mainly include insect herbivores, whereas abiotic stressor mainly include
temperature and water or lack thereof. It is vital to understand how crop react to these stressor in
order to predict and possibly contradict the effect on the crops. When dealing with insect herbivores
the outcome can be devastating. Insects can destroy large amounts of crops. To prevent insects from
destroying crop, insecticides are used as well as transgenic crops are used. Abiotic factors such as
drought can be more difficult. The total amount of semi–arid land on earth is one–third, and the rest
of the land experiences unexpected drought occasionally (Fang and Xiong, 2015). This means that
nearly all the crops in the world are at risk of experiencing some kind of water shortage. Due to
these abiotic and biotic stressors, and extensive amount of research has been conducted and is still
being conducted to minimize the negative effects. In the following sections will be an overview of
the abiotic and biotic factors along with the crops response to each, as well as the genetic
mechanisms studied to improve a crops ability to cope with these stressors.
Crops response to drought

The Role Of Critical Thickness Subordinate Impacts Acting...
What is intriguing is the nearness of critical thickness subordinate impacts acting in a deferred way
on the diverse conceptive parameters broke down. The part of conceptive females, the proliferation
file, and the regenerative rate were to a great extent dictated by the populace thickness the prior
year. The generation record and the regenerative rates were not affected by the precipitation design.
The multiplication list speaks to the extent of regenerative females and adolescents in the populace.
Therefore, one conceivable reason for the non–huge relationship amongst precipitation and
multiplication record might be the expansion of grown–up movement after stormy winters (Lima
and Jaksic unpublished work). Then again, the regenerative rate is a gauge of the quantity of
adolescents delivered by a female amid the reproducing season, and includes the litter size, litter
number and the survival rates of the posterity. Consequently, our outcomes propose that
precipitation does not impact these parameters. This is a fascinating result, in light of the fact that an
expansion in the quantity of litters created by females after abnormally stormy winters has been
hypothesized as one of the instruments activating populace episodes of this species. A few studies
have discovered abundant proof of social cooperation's in microtine rodents, including spatial
conduct, territoriality and forceful experiences. In general, these components appear to create quick
thickness subordinate

Summary: Six Must Have Auto Repair Accessories
6 Must Have Auto Repair Accessories When we talk about the six must have auto repair accessories
we're not including rags. The list is intended to highlight items many DIY auto repair mechanics
might not think of bringing to the job site. With that said, you must have rags on every auto repair
job. And before we move on let's just say that not all rags are created equal. Some rags welcome
fluids by eagerly soaking them up. These are usually made from a blend of different materials with a
high percentage of cotton. Then we have the super low cost ones in the range of $20 for a pack of
100. These are the bright red wipers that seem to repel fluids until you wash them half a dozen
times. And I wouldn't put them in a home laundry machine as these ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Many of the foam insert earplugs reduce the noise level by about 30 dB. The over the ear noise
canceling headphones are good for about 35 dB. The important thing is to do what's comfortable and
convenient for you so that you actually wear the noise reducing devices. There's no reason for you to
spend your golden years with your hand up to your ear saying what. Single Edge Razor Blade
Scrapers and Alternatives When you're working on an automobile you'll find yourself reaching for
single edge razor blade in many situations. Whether it's scraping gaskets or opening up a wiring
harness so you can probe wiring, the razor blade is a powerful tool. It can also be extremely
dangerous when you're hands contain grease or oil. A slip of the razor blade can cause a major
injury. My advice is to move your hand as far away from the blade as possible by using a holding
fixture for single edge razor blades. This is another low cost item that can provide a lot of protection
during your do–it–yourself auto

Behavior And Ecology Final Affirmation Essay
LT 3: Behavior and Ecology Final Affirmation
Just as a reminder your final affirmation must be typed and submitted through Paperrater.com. Make
sure when you upload your final affirmation you also upload a screenshot of your paper rater score.
This final affirmation score will be a compilation of your scores from the "Investigation of Animal
Behavior" from step 1, the "Survivorship and Population Models" from step 2, "Invading Bull Frog
Case Study" and "Population Biology Virtual Lab" both from step 3 and "Biome Project" from step
4 and your completion of this section.
Part 1:
Read the catastrophe on page 506 in the Flourish Textbook, if you are looking at the online version
go to Chapter 9 and then to the evaluate section "Energy, Matter and Disaster" and you will be able
to read it online.
Type your responses to the following:
What might be the effect if 80–85% of the sunlight were blocked from Earth? What might be the
short and long term effects on the following organisms: an earthworm, a shark, a maple tree, a
saguaro cactus and a teenager?
It would effect Earth very negatively. This is because most plants would stop making energy from
the sunlight and the animals that feed on autotrophs would not get that much food anymore, which
would cause a ripple effect. Little energy would be made after that. Also, the planet would cool
considerably. A short term effect on an earthworm would be that it would have lots of food for a
short amount of time due to

Descriptive Essay About Beauty
There are many things that are very beautiful, but the most beautiful thing I encountered lately; was
the beautiful waterfall of Mountain Rainier. The clear freshwater dropping down from the rocks
above. The beautiful green trees covering the surrounding area. The fresh smell of water with no
preservatives. The clear blue sky that reflects off the clear water. The gentle splashes that is smooth
and calming. According to Confucius" Everything has beauty, but not everyone sees it". Therefore,
beauty comes in many different shapes and forms; not everyone sees's beauty the same way. Beauty
is very subjective and it all depends on the eye of the perspective. In my opinion that what makes
beauty so beautiful; beauty can be found in anything at anywhere. Society view beauty as objective;
saying one fits all. For example, society portrays what image is considered beautiful and what
images are not considered beautiful. I am holding an artwork that is worth millions. This artwork
has a four–rectangle shape with dark red coloring. The rectangles shapes look like a door mate with
rose circles all over. Under the four rectangles, It has green coming underneath. The green look like
grass from the stem of the rose. Each rectangle has different shades of red as if the circular rose is
dying off. The picture reminds me of a scary movie from the 1980's. For example, in scary movies
in the 1980's, it starts off all shiny and bright and then glooms over time as it gets darken. I do thing
artist intended for the artwork to be beautiful. The artwork conveyed a real perception of beauty. For
instance, real red flowers were used to display a beautiful image. But, the artists also allowed the
flowers to decay to show the viewers a different image. Therefore, I think the artists was the
showing the viewers that beauty can change based on your train of thought, but the artwork remains
the same. The famous artists Anya Gallaccio was born in 1963 United Kingdom of London.
Gallaccio" studied at the Kingston Polytechnic and Goldsmith College". She gained early
recognition for her work and participation in the Damian Hirst's Freeze". Gallaccio often
incorporates organic material in her artwork, such as fruits, vegetables,

Biotic Factors In Hawaii
Plants are found everywhere on earth, up high on the ridge and down low in caves and caverns. The
types of plants that live in these places depends on many factors. These factors are separated into
two different categories, the biotic factors and the abiotic factors. Some of the biotic factors include,
predation, competition, and habitat destruction. Plants with limited competition and large amounts
of resources will be in a higher abundance than plants with limited resources and higher competition
rates will be confined to areas and either out competed or will be the dominant species. Certain
plants adapt to these factors and thrive and others don't do as well. Some of the abiotic factors
include, sunlight, water, temperature, and wind. These ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ridge is known as an endangered dry ridge hike, for its endemic species and dry climate (Nelson
2003). The ridge trail starts on dole street near the university of Hawaii at Manoa. From the campus,
the ridge seems dry and grassy and it is expected as a dry leeward side ridge. This ridge is also
known for its brush fires during the hot seasons, the most recent being the fire in 2007. The fire left
50 acre of the ridge scorched and burned to the ground (Siopack 2007). But, now in 2016 there has
been an increasing amount of rain and the ridge has since begun to heal since the fire. The beginning
of the trail starts off dry with rocky soil and the dominant vegetation being the M. maximus that has
a yellow brownish color. The vegetation isn't completely covering the soil; it is mostly clumped
together. As you continue to move up the trail the vegetation starts to get a little greener and thicker.
The M. maximus gets thicker, greener, and more dominant. The soil is still rocky and dry, but there
are a few different species such as the air plants and small shrubs. More of a change is seen further
up the ridge once you are out of the tall grasses. The land is moister and has a wide range of tree
species and woody area. There was an abundance of Haole Koa trees, thorny bastards, all spice, and
strawberry guava. It was a large change from an open canopy of large

Caribbean Sea Abiotic Factors
The Caribbean Sea in located off the coast of North, Central, and South Americas. This sea spans
about two million, seven hundred and fifty–three thousand square kilometers. There are also many
islands found in the midst of the Caribbean Sea. While these islands are a great place for a vacation,
the populations of people on the islands can affect life. Many different factors influence life in the
Caribbean Sea. These factors are divided into two categories; abiotic factors and biotic factors.
These types of factors can influence biodiversity in a certain area. A change in a single population
results in a huge change in an ecosystem that was previously well–balanced and diverse.
Populations change in size all as a result of these factors.
Abiotic factors, such as rainfall and temperature, are different from place to place. In the Caribbean,
the abiotic factors vary from water current to water depth, from the amount of sunlight to the oxygen
levels. The Caribbean Sea is large and there are many measuring points throughout the sea, this
results in different conclusions for the same question. Now, that being said, the results recorded in
this paper are strictly and average. The average amount of precipitation in the Caribbean per year is
as low as twenty–five centimeters in some parts to as high as nine hundred centimeters in other
parts, that just goes to show how big the Caribbean really is. That being said, the deepest measured
part of the Caribbean sea can be found between

Biodiversity And Its Impact On Biodiversity
Biodiversity is what makes the planet earth unique and different from every other planet in the solar
system. Biodiversity can be studied on a global level all the way down to studying it within a
microscopic ecosystem (National Wildlife Federation, 2015). It is important to understand that
biodiversity can be looked at genetically as well as environmentally as well. For example, genetic
biodiversity is seen in the variation of different breeds within the dog species, while environmental
biodiversity is the diversity of ecosystems and habitats (National Wildlife Federation, 2015).
Preserving biodiversity is perhaps the most important task that humans have to complete while
living on this planet. The ecosystems that make up all of the regions worldwide are immensely
complex, so conservation may be difficult at times. Additionally, many factors influence the species
that inhabit ecosystems, and these factors may complicate the preservation of biodiversity.
Moreover, there is a plethora of threats to biodiversity, both natural and manmade that are
destroying ecosystems on a daily basis. Out of these threats, the human influences are particularly
severe and must be taken care of at all costs. Biodiversity provides countless benefits for every
ecosystem and creature, which is what makes it worthy of conservation. Through the introduction
and relocation of species, some degree of restoration may be possible in the future. Biodiversity is
an amazing natural process that makes life

Marine Ecosystems
Rocky Shore Ecosystems– Point Cartwright
Nicolas Cuny 11B Mr. Nisbett
Due Date: 03/09/2010
Introduction:
On the 23rd of August, the three biology classes or grade 11 at Redlands College visited the rocky
shore ecosystems at Point Cartwright in Queensland. Two different types of rocky shore ecosystem
were examined, the rock pool area, and the boulder area. We first examined areas within the rock
pool area. The rock pool area has several specific features which set it apart from other rocky shore
ecosystems, including its geological makeup and position. It is made up of a flat platform of rock
pockmarked with numerous rock pools; indents in the rocks which are filled with water and contain
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sea anemones feed from the surrounding water by catching small micro–organisms in their
tentacles. For this reason, anemones need constant water to survive which is why none were
observed in the boulder area as an area with constant water cannot be guaranteed. Sand is another
factor which is present in the boulder area, but not in the rock pools. Sea cucumbers were thriving
closer to the low tide mark in the boulder area, yet none were observed in the rock pool area. Sea
cucumbers are almost always found laying spread out across the sand, with their feeding tubes out,
browsing along the sand bed. This is the feeding habit of the sea cucumber and it would not be able
to carry out this habit without the presence of sand. It is shown time and time again by the presence
and habits of specific organisms in each area that the abiotic factors of each area affect the ability for
an organism to survive in that system.
See next page for transect table taken at Point Cartwright boulder area.
(TRANSECT TABLE INSERT HERE!)
Figure 1: Green Algae
Percentage of Algae Cover (%)
Metres from shore (M)
Figure 2: Limpets
Number of Limpets in Sector
Metres from Shore (M)

As seen in figure one, percentage of cover of green algae in each transect sector decreased the
further from shore we travelled, and closer to the low tide mark. This is a clear example of an
organism's ability to thrive depending on its position in the boulder area. This

Efficient and Sustainable Ecosystems
Ecosystem Report:
Introduction:
Ecosystems are everywhere. Any place that contains living and non–living organisms (biotic and
abiotic), that share the same space are a community, this is called an ecosystem. An ecosystem can
occupy a large space in the environment, or a very small space. To make up an ecosystem, there
must be an interrelationship between the abiotic and biotic components in the ecosystem; for
example, there must be a series of food–chains in order for the different species to survive in that
particular ecosystem. Another definition of an ecosystem is:
'They consist of all the organisms in a community, their biotic and abiotic environments, and
exchanges within and between each of these' (Knox et al. 2010, p. 128).
The purpose of this investigation is to thoroughly study an ecosystem, to expand the knowledge of
many who wish to further understand the environment and its components. By completing this
investigation it allows for people to understand the importance and needs for having and
maintaining healthy ecosystems. For example, 'Ecosystems provide food both in their natural
state...in the form of managed landscapes' (International Water Management Institute 2011, p. 11).
The investigations of ecosystems are vital in today's society because people can learn how to better
treat and take care of them so they are more efficient and sustainable.
Methods:
Figure 1: This is a map of where the investigation was taken place, and it shows the 2 areas that

Earth, Our Earth : Steps To Save The Environment
Earth is our home. Our home needs to be protected and loved for it to survive for decades to come
and for our future children. Taking the time to learn and educate yourself about the environment and
the home we live in is crucial not only for its survival but our own too. it is not only important to
realize how our daily lifes harms the environment but also that there are many steps we can take to
save the environment as well. First step in doing so, is learning what the environment is, what makes
up the environment, what are we doing wrong and what can we do that is right to save our home.
The environment is made up by everything surrounding and affecting us daily. It is the air we
breathe, the water that covers the earth's surface, the plants and animals arounds, and much more. In
the environment there biotic and abiotic factors that sometimes interact with one another. a biotic
component is any living thing in an ecosystem, such as animals, plants and microorganisms. Abiotic
components are the non–living parts of an ecosystem, such as temperature, sunlight, clouds, and the
chemicals in the soil. Both biotic and abiotic factors interact in the ecosystem and if one factor is
chaged or removed, it can affect the entire ecosystem. Abiotic are specially important because they
directly affect how organism such as ourselfs survive. One example of the interaction between biotic
and abiotic factors is with plants. The plant is a biotic factor and uses abiotic factors such as sunlight
and water to make food and survive.
Society has been affected by the environment and affected the environment we live in. while many
things have been changing due to human ativity, much as been preserved and protected by human
activity.the interactions between humans and the environment are constantly changing. The way we
treat the earth and the earth treats us has changed over the years. These effects include decrease
water quality, increased pollution and greenhouse emissions, depletion of natural reousrces and
contribution to climate change. Some of these effects can be easily linked to human activities
whereas others remain unclear. Water pollution is primarily the fault of humans and the excess input
of nutrients into the

Biotic Components Paper
Biotic Component Paper
Biotic Components Paper
In this paper I will conduct research on the Bolsa Chica Wetlands that are located in an area of
lowlands in Orange County California, adjacent to the city of Huntington Beach. The area is
managed by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), whose mission is to" protect and
enhance; migratory shorebird, seabird, waterfowl overwintering habitat; protect natural habitat for
shorebirds and seabirds; protect nesting and foraging conditions for threatened or endangered
species" The Bolsa Chica Conservancy (BCC) is a local volunteer organization that assists in
maintaining the area. Its goals are to ensure the preservation, restoration, and enhancement of the
area (2010). This ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A tidal salt marsh is a community of plants and animals that thrive in wet saline conditions (ADBC,
2010), which rely on the tides to bring nutrients, such as oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous. As the
tide leaves the wetlands, pools are exposed which shorebirds can feed on larvae without competition
from fish that was impossible during the time period of water diversion and dam construction. The
land became baron; an area of waste land, until 1967, when the water originally diverted for
irrigation of fields, was redirected to the lowland area. In 2006, a tidal inlet was successfully opened
after 107 years, allowing the tide to flow to various parts of the wetlands which had previously been
closed off (ADBC, 2010).
During the process of Bolsa Chica environmental change, much has been learned about ecosystem
destruction and restoration. Wetland areas are as Wright states "among the most productive
ecosystems on earth, rich in breeding grounds for many species of fish, shellfish, and waterfowl"
(2008). Interfering with the natural biogeochemical cycles can have devastating effects, completely
wiping out ecosystems. Lessons learned are valuable for other restoration projects, many of which
are in progress throughout the United States (U.S.). Major learning's included, the rise in water
salinity when not allowed to mix with fresh water creates a hostile environment, making it
inhabitable by the resident community, lack of tidal rhythm reduces

Safety Precautions For Drones Research Papers
Electrical Subsystem
Drones are high–speed racing machines, but did you know "danger" is their middle name? Full
throttle propellers can slice through skin or eyes and batteries can burst into flames unexpectedly.
That's why drone assembly requires skill and attention to detail. Attach the motors in the wrong
configuration and RubiQ will act more like a mole than a drone. Plug in the battery before attaching
the antenna and you risk permanently frying the video receiver (RX). So buckle up, read carefully,
build methodically and wear those safety goggles!
Materials List:
Droneology
RubiQ Kit
Safety Precautions:
Safety is no Accident
Learn to stay out of harm's way as you navigate the Droneology safety briefing before attaching
RubiQ's electronic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Well, let's think about light as a type of wave – it makes it easier to imagine sunshine's 8–minute
journey from the Sun to the Earth. This sunlight contains the full electromagnetic spectrum of
wavelengths: radio waves longer than a football field, x–rays shorter than a single atom, infrared,
ultraviolet and every visible color from neon pink to eggplant purple. The Earth is constantly
bombarded with these waves, absorbing some while others bounce off. The colors we see in the
world around us are actually the rejected wavelengths colliding with color–sensitive proteins in the
backs of our

Abiotic Factors Affecting Natural Resources Production...
Alysha Agliam
Noeau Likua
Molokai HS
NR Production
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract........................................................................................................3
Main Body....................................................................................................4
References.....................................................................................................7
ABSTRACT
Abiotic and biotic factors are extremely important factors for our environment. The presence of
these factors could provide for a peaceful and healthy environment and the disappearance of these
factors could wreak havoc on an environment. Abiotic factors focus more on the physical aspects of
an environment and biotic focuses more on biological.
MAIN BODY
What are important abiotic and biotic factors affecting organisms that are considered in Natural
Resources Production decisions?
Abiotic refers to something physical rather than biological. Abiotic factors can determine which
species of organisms will survive in any given environment. This factor is important because they
affect how organisms survive. The abiotic factor can be placed into categories of meteorology, soil,
air pollution, micro–topographic features, water availability, and water quality. Chemical and
geological factors, such as rocks and minerals, and physical factors, such as temperature, weather,
and lay of the land, are also referred to as abiotic components.
Biotic factors are the living parts of an ecosystem, such as the animals, plants, and microorganisms.
A factor created by a living thing or any living

Ecology: Water and Aquatic Habitats
ECOLOGY
Ecology is concerned with the study of organisms and their habitats. This includes the
interdependence of various populations, their impact on each other and their surroundings, the effect
of the surroundings on their behaviour, as well as the ways in which the organisms and the
environment change in response to each other. A pond and its inhabitants provide a good example of
these interrelationships. A pond contains:
a. soil consisting of rock, minerals and dead remains of organisms
b. water with minerals
c. aquatic plants including algae
d. aquatic animals like snails and tadpoles
e. bacteria and other microorganisms such as protozoans
All these components interact to produce a system called an ecosystem which is constantly ... Show
Aquatic animals prefer darker waters during the day and ascend to the surface when light intensity is
reduced. Flowering of plants also depends on light. pH This determines the acidity or alkalinity of
the water in aquatic habitats or the soil in terrestrial habitats. The pH tends to be neutral at a value of
7 and increases if alkaline contents are abundant. Organisms are affected by the pH of their
environment. Fresh water mollusks tend to be deficient on waters with a pH less than 6.
Wind
Winds carry water currents and waves and also rain–bearing clouds. Wind also helps in the dispersal
of fruits and seeds and causes pollination in some plants. The drying effect of strong air currents can
cause a high rate of transpiration. The fauna and flora of mountains differ due to winds. The
windward side of mountains has luscious vegetation while the leeward side is sparsely vegetated.
Pressure
Pressure varies from the depths of the ocean to the higher altitudes of atmosphere. Atmospheric
pressure reduces when one ascends from sea level. Mountainous areas have lower atmospheric
pressure than lowlands.
AQUATIC ECOLOGICAL FACTORS
Salinity is the concentration of dissolved salts in the surrounding environment. Aquatic organisms
have to maintain osmotic balance between their body fluids and their aquatic habitats. The
concentration of salts in the body of marine animals is close to that in surrounding water. They are
therefore able to

Investigating The Distribution Patterns Of Three Species...
Biology 2.6 Achievement Standard 91158 Cellana Denticulata, Chamaesipho Columna and
Chamaesipho Brunnea are three species living in the intertidal zone of the rocky shore. I am
investigating the distribution pattern of these three species and the factors affecting the zonation
pattern of these organisms. The aim of the investigation was to analyse and compare the distribution
of the separate species, regarding the adaptations and the intraspecific and interspecific interactions–
whether being competitive, cooperative or exploitative. The investigation took place at Sirens
Rocks. (see photo right) The distribution of these species are affected by abiotic and biotic factors of
which limit the upper vertical and lower vertical limit that the three organisms can endure, thus
providing a fundamental niche where the organisms inhabit. The ecological pattern presented at the
location of Sirens Rocks is Zonation, which is a community pattern, showing visual bands or zones
of which is created by the varying tolerance to different abiotic factors and biotic factors. The
observable community pattern of zonation, not taken from the given location of sirens rocks.
Cellana Denticulata (denticulate limpets) Cellana denticulate, with results taken from Sirens Rocks,
was found to inhabit mainly the mid tide zone, mainly on open surfaces regardless of the aspect if
the substrate. The mid tide zone is completely submerged by water on average twice a day leaving
the

Four Characteristics Essay Comparison Of Four Ecosystems
Comparison of Four Ecosystem Essay Assignment An ecosystem is the "relationship between the
biotic and abiotic components. Biotic components are composed of all living things in contrast,
abiotic components are composed of the non–living parts of an environment." (Ms. Blackshaw) This
essay is focused on the abiotic factors that influence an ecosystem. They are many abiotic factors
affecting an ecosystem such as temperature, water, wind, sunlight, rocks, soil, and oxygen.
However, the three abiotic factors that affect a parking lot, field, meadow, and forest the greatest are
wind, rock and water. Wind is defined as the movement of the air. Even though, Wind is an abiotic
factor it is still vital for various ecosystems. In parking lots, wind is non–prominent due to the lack
of trees compared to the forest, where it is chilly and windy. Some biotic factors that were recorded
in the parking lot were, grass, tress, and dandelions. Dandelions are important for bees and other
organisms that consume nectar. Without wind, the dandelion blossoms would not be able to blow
away creating more dandelions for bees and other insects to consume. This gives the organisms less
nectar and it may cause death because the lack of resources for them to consume in that area. Fields
produce more wind currents compared to parking lots because its an open space, with more trees.
Since there are not a lot of interferences with the fields, wind picks up grass pollens and spreads it
throughout the fields making the fields richer and healthier. This allows the primary consumers to
eat the grass and be healthy. Causing the entire food chain to be healthy. Meadows compared to
fields, have a bit more wind due to the trees and bushes that compose the ecosystem. The winds help
for cooling birds and insects. Wind also affects plants throughout their growth. Slight winds help the
plants grow sturdier, so other consumers can benefit from it. Winds in forests are very high due to
the number of trees. Due to more wind, it helps animals such as birds to fly without much effort and
the same with butterfly's. Without wind in forests animals that fly tend to struggle a lot because it
does not have wind support. Rock or stone is a natural substance.

A Brief Note On The Temperate Deciduous Forest Biome
Alexis Apicella
Chapter 5.
1) I live in the Temperate Deciduous Forest Biome and within this biome the temperature and
precipitation are the most important determinants. There are distinct seasons where the summers are
warmer than in the winters. Also in the fall the leaves will fall off of the trees and in the following
spring they will appear again. These factors have changed over the past 100 years due to global
warming. The weather within seasons have changed resulting in more frequent hot days and fewer
cool days.
2) We cannot protect people from a natural disturbance such as a fire, because it is a natural part of
an ecosystem and are bound to happen. We cannot control flooding, windstorms, or earthquakes,
which are also natural disturbances, therefore we prevent fires where houses were built in the path.
Chapter 6.
3) There are more disadvantages of living longer or reproducing more quickly then there are
advantages. In order for a species to survive they must have access to food and water. As a
population is growing at a fast rate they are using up their environment much quicker then before.
The environment has no time to replenish itself since every moment animals are looking to feed.
Each environment has a limited capacity of they are able to offer a species and once that capacity is
met, shortages of food and resources eventually lead to a population crash.
4) Abiotic factors are caused by nonliving components of the environment and are density
independent

Cepaea Nemoralistic Lab Report
In this study, we designed and examined the effects of different degrees of soil moisture levels on
the distance travelled of Cepaea nemoralis. Our experiment showed that the average distance
travelled of Cepaea nemoralis was higher in moister levels of soil. This was the case in both Trials 1
and 2 and statistical analysis showed that both Trials were statistically significant (See Figures 1 and
2). Through various research and previous observations, our prediction was that the Cepaea
nemoralis would move a longer distance in moister levels of soil. Higher levels of soil moisture
were expected to cause more movement because the mucus produced by the glands helps them
move more efficiently, without hurting themselves (Why Do Snails Leave Slime ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of these snails was Cepaea vindobonenis, which is very similar to Cepaea nemoralis. They
measured the occurrence of snails in transects in 9 different locations. The soil moisture varied from
24% to 42% and results were similar to ours as more snails were found in moister areas
(Hettenbergerová et al. 31–42). Our results were similar to the articles, as in both cases, activity
increased in moister soil. However, there could be a discrepancy because the soil moisture levels
used were much higher in this study than ours (13% and 27%). However, even in this case, there
were more snails in the moister areas, similar to our experiment. The consistency of our results with
this study strengthens our findings as the results are

The Impact Of Centennial Parklands On The World 's Most...
Centennial Parklands is one of the world's most visited public parklands, with more than 20 million
visits made to the Parklands' annually. The Park is 2.2 square kilometres in area, originally
swampland, known as Lachlan Swamps and is located adjacent to another two large public spaces,
Moore Park and Queens Park. The Parklands are administered by The Centennial Park and Moore
Park Trust, a NSW Government agency whose responsibilities cover low–lying wetlands,
ornamental lakes, pine and native forests, expanses of grass, to playing fields, a golf course, tennis
and netball courts and the Entertainment Quarter at nearby Moore Park. Centennial Park is one of
Australia 's most famous parks and is listed on the Register of the National Estate. [3]
Centennial Parklands is known as the 'green lungs of Sydney ' – a 360 hectare public space that
provides critical ecological and environmental functions for the city and its inhabitants. [4] Animals:
[5] Bats Blue–tongued Lizards Common Bushtail Possum Frogs Invertebrates Long–finned Eel
Turtles Birds: [6] Australian Kestrel Australian Wood Duck Black Swan Black–fronted Dotterel
Black–winged Stilt Channel–billed Cuckoo Crested Pigeon Great Egret Hardhead Duck Latham 's
Snipe Musk Duck Nankeen Night Heron New Holland Honeyeater Trees and shrubs: [7] African
Tulip Tree Algerian Oak Angel 's Trumpet Australian Teak Blueberry Ash Broad–leaved Paperbark
Coastal Wattle Coast Tea–tree Dragons Blood Tree

Small Body Of Water And Its Effect On The Ecosystem Essay
Acacia reservation is located at 41.5017° N, 81.4897° W longitude, latitude respectively. The
reservation is located in the city of Lyndhurst. Lyndhurst is an eastern suburb of Cleveland and was
originally apart of Mayfield. It is located in the county of Cuyahoga, Ohio, United States. The
population was 14,001 at the 2010 census and is a total of 4.44 miles. The ratio of people per mile is
approximately 3,153 per square mile, thus it has a relatively high density of people. Acacia
reservation is a 155–acre green space located in the city Lyndhurst. The specific area on which this
paper focuses is the central area of the park where on the map a small body of water can be seen.
While observations were made in various other areas this is where the majority of the study took
place. This body of water is approximately four hundred yards from the roadway on both sides. The
Acacia Reservation has several abiotic factors that directly affect the ecosystem, some of those are
sunlight, temperature, rainfall, wind speeds, and rocks. Sunlight directly affects the ecosystem as it
distributes energy to plants and also affects the temperature. Sunlight is extremely important
because it forms the basis of the food chain as it allows some plants to survive and others to die
because of a lack of it. Temperature is another example of abiotic factor that directly affects the
ecosystem as it provides or inhibits a livable temperature for animals within the

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