social pharmacy d-pharm 1st year by Pragati K. Mahajan
Synthetic Drugs
1. B.Sc. SEM-VI
Paper-II
Organic Chemistry
Unit-IV
Dr. N. G. Telkapalliwar
(M.Sc., NET, SET, Ph.D., PGD-NSNT)
Associate Professor
Department of Chemistry,
Dr. Ambedkar College, Deekshabhoomi, Nagpur
SYNTHETIC DRUGS
2. A) SYNTHETIC DYES:
Colour and constitution (Witt theory, electronic concept) Classification of Dyes based on chemical
constitution. Synthesis and uses of Congo red, Crystal violet, Phenolphthalein and Alizarin dye.
B) SYNTHETIC DRUGS:
Definition, Classification, Preparation, properties and uses of:
Aspirin, paracetamol, Dettol, Chloroquine, Phenobarbitone,
Chloramphenicol, Chloramine T.
C) SYNTHETIC POLYMERS:
Addition or chain growth polymerization, free radical. Vinyl polymerization, Ionic vinyl polymerization,
Ziegler - Natta polymerization .Condensation or step growth polymerization. Polyesters, polyamides.
Unit-IV (Syllabus)
4. • A natural or synthetic substances which when taken into living body affects its functioning or
structure, and is used in diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, prevention of diseases is called drug.
• Natural drugs are made from compounds found in nature. The most prevalent natural
drug sources are plants.
• Synthetic drugs are chemical compounds produced in a laboratory.
• Synthetic drugs are created using man-made chemicals rather than natural ingredients.
What are Drugs?
5. Aspirin
(Acetylsalicylic acid)
Structure: Molecular Formula: C9H8O4
Colourless crystals or a white crystals, crystalline powder, odourless.
Analgesic
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory
Antipyretic
Platelet Aggregation inhibitor
Synthesis:
H2SO4
Aspirin
Properties and Uses:
6. Paracetomol
(Acetaminophen)
Structure: Molecular Formula: C8H9NO2
Colourless crystals or a white crystals
Analgesic
Antipyretic
Toxicity (More than 4000 mg a day)
Liver damage
Skin reactions
Synthesis:
Paracetomol
Properties and Uses:
Phenol
Para-nitro Phenol
7. Dettol
(Chloroxylenol)
Structure: Molecular Formula: C8H9ClO
Antiseptic and disinfectant
Clean cuts, wounds, etc.
Disinfect environmental surfaces such as household floors, walls of slaughter
houses, etc.
Toxicity and poisonous when ingested or inhaled.
Synthesis:
Properties and Uses:
Chloroxylenol
8. Chloroquine
Structure: Molecular Formula: C18H26ClN3
Anti-malarial drug (Treatment or prevention of malaria)
Amoebic liver access
Autoimmune disorders
Side effects: Neuromuscular, hearing, gastrointestinal, brain, skin, eye,
cardiovascular and blood reactions.
Synthesis:
Properties and Uses:
Chloroquine
180OC
9. Phenobarbitone
Structure: Molecular Formula: C12H12N2O3
Colourless crystals or a white crystals, odourless
Sedative
Anticonvulsant
Treatment of all types of seizures.
Treatment of neonatal seizures.
alcohol detoxification
Relive cyclic vomiting syndrome
Synthesis:
Properties and Uses:
Phenobarbitone
10. Chloroamphenicol
Structure: Molecular Formula: C11H12Cl2N2O5
Greyish-white or yellow white crystals, odourless
Antibacterial
Treatment of typhoid
Treatment of staphylococcal brain abscesses
Treatment of bacterial infection
Treatment of children with fever and a petechial rashes.
Synthesis:
Properties and Uses:
Chloroamphenicol
11. Choramine T
Structure: Molecular Formula: C7H7ClNO2S·Na
White crystalline powder, odour of chlorine
It is a Sodium salt of N-chlorotoulene para-sulphonamide
Biocide drugs (algicide, bactericide, fungicide), disinfectant
Hypochlorite released from chloramine T acts as an effective oxidizing agent for
iodide to form iodine monochloride.
Effective against mycobacteria such as tuberculosis, foot and mouth disease and
avian influenza.
Capable of inhibiting with bacterial growth
Used for the incorporation of iodine to peptides and proteins.
Synthesis:
Properties and Uses:
P-toluenesulphonamide
Choramine T