Minimasi Kadar Nitrit di Tambak Udang & Rekayasa Keseimbangan Bakteri - Plankton Melalui Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Mikro Elemen oleh Dr. Ir. Kukuh Nirmala, M.Sc. dari Departemen Budidaya Perairan Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Insitut Pertanian Bogor (IPB)
GBSN - Microbiology (Unit 3)Defense Mechanism of the body
Minimasi Kadar Nitrit di Tambak Udang & Rekayasa Keseimbangan Bakteri - Plankton Melalui Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Mikro Elemen
1. Oleh :
KUKUH NIRMALA
DEPARTEMEN BUDIDAYA PERAIRAN
FAKULTAS PERIKANAN & ILMU KELAUTAN
INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR (IPB)
Disajikan pada
SIMPOSIUM NASIONAL
BUDIDAYA UDANG VANAMEI 2019
SHRIMP CLUB INDONESIA BANYUWANGI
29 Januari 2019
8. Faktor-faktor Pemicu Serangan Penyakit
PatogenUdang
Lingkungan
UDANG :
Genetik
Kualitas Benih
Nutrisi
PATOGEN:
Jenis
Kelimpahan
Virulensi
LINGKUNGAN :
Kualitas Air
Kualitas Sedimen/Tanah
Iklim / Cuaca
9. Snieszko (1974)
D = H + P + SD = H + P + S22
DD = The Resulting Disease= The Resulting Disease
HH = Host (Shrimp / Fish)= Host (Shrimp / Fish)
PP = Pathogen= Pathogen
SS = the STRESS caused by= the STRESS caused by
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORSENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
15. Pada Minggu ke – 12,
semua petakan tambak
terserang IMNV
16. 1. Meningkatkan laju Konsumsi Oksigen
2. Terbentuknya Methaemocyanin
NO2
-
mengoksidasi Cu+
-hemocyanin menjadi Cu2+
Cu2+
- hemocyanin sulit mengikat oksigen
Hipoksia (meskipun DO tinggi)
3. Menekan sistem Imun udang
4. Meningkatkan molting
IMNV Disease
DAMPAK NO2
-
terhadap UDANG
17. It is suggested that nitrite in water caused :
a depression in the immune ability of L.
vannamei to Vibrio alginolyticus
The concentration of nitrite increases directly with culture
period, and might reach as high as 20 mg l−1
in grow-out
ponds of white shrimp L. vannamei.
25. BAKTERI HETEROTROF
BAKTERI NITRIFIKASIBAKTERI NITRATASI
FITOPLANKTON
UDANG
BO
NO2
-
NO3
-
NH3
NH4
+
DIATOM BGA
MENGAPA KADAR NITRIT TINGGI /
TIDAK DIOKSIDASI MENJADI NITRAT ??
NO2
-
+ 0.5 O2
NO3
-
+ H2
O
Nitrobacter
26. small-sized cells (<10μm) dominate when the levels of
ammonium are high,
enhancing the growth of microzooplankton (Burford et al.2003).
Burford, M. A., Costanzo, S. D., Dennison, W. C., Jackson, C. J., Jones, A. B.,
McKinnon, A. D., Preston, N. P. & Trott, L. A. 2003. A synthesis of dominant
ecological processes in intensive shrimp ponds and adjacent coastal environments in
NE Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46: 1456-1469.
Phytoplankton succession in intensive marine shrimp culture ponds treated
with a commercial bacterial product.
Aquaculture Research 33(4):269 - 278 · April 2002
After 34 days, the diatoms significantly decreased
whereas cyanobacteria increased in both ponds.
37. Oleh :
KUKUH NIRMALA
Disajikan pada Kuliah Umum Budidaya Perairan
di Jurusan Budidaya Perairan
Fakultas Pertanian
Universitas Bangka Belitung
25 April 2018
38. 1. Mati massal dalam waktu singkat &
serempak (50-100%)
2. Organ target : spesifik
hepatopancreas
3. Mati saat benur berumur 15 – 30 hari
41. 1. Mati massal dalam waktu singkat &
serempak (50-100%)
2. Organ target : spesifik
hepatopancreas
3. Mati saat benur berumur 15 – 30 hari
42. Histological examination showed that the
effects of EMS in both P. monodon and P.
vannamei appear to be limited to the
hepatopancreas (HP)
Degenerative pathology of HP is highly suggestive of a
toxic etiology
Microcystin, a hepatotoxin, can affect the liver.
43.
44. BAKTERI HETEROTROF
BAKTERI NITRIFIKASIBAKTERI NITRATASI
FITOPLANKTON
UDANG
BO
NO2
-
NO3
-
NH3
NH4
+
DIATOM BGA
MENGAPA KADAR AMMONIUMTINGGI /
TIDAK DIOKSIDASI MENJADI NITRIT ??
MEMICU BLOOMING BGA ??
45. small-sized cells (<10μm) dominate when the levels of
ammonium are high,
enhancing the growth of microzooplankton (Burford et al.2003).
Burford, M. A., Costanzo, S. D., Dennison, W. C., Jackson, C. J., Jones, A. B.,
McKinnon, A. D., Preston, N. P. & Trott, L. A. 2003. A synthesis of dominant
ecological processes in intensive shrimp ponds and adjacent coastal environments in
NE Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46: 1456-1469.
Phytoplankton succession in intensive marine shrimp culture ponds treated
with a commercial bacterial product.
Aquaculture Research 33(4):269 - 278 · April 2002
After 34 days, the diatoms significantly decreased
whereas cyanobacteria increased in both ponds.