Elements of interior design, history,importance, main elements of interior design- line, shape, space, form,texture, colour in detail, their uses and charecteristics in interior design.method of achieving nice composition using these elements vs nice examples and illustration.
Interior design is the process of shaping the experience of interior space, through the manipulation of spatial volume as well as surface treatment for the betterment of human functionality.
Elements of interior design, history,importance, main elements of interior design- line, shape, space, form,texture, colour in detail, their uses and charecteristics in interior design.method of achieving nice composition using these elements vs nice examples and illustration.
Interior design is the process of shaping the experience of interior space, through the manipulation of spatial volume as well as surface treatment for the betterment of human functionality.
This presentation explain how to decor Bedroom as per different Styles.... it includes
1. My Drawings, 2. Few Pictures and 3. My Style Desfinition......
Each Style explains something.....
This book, just like the first edition, compiles
the work of many hands (and keyboards) and
conversations. It has been made possible by the
generous contributions of numerous people, to
whom I would like to express my gratitude.
First, I must acknowledge my current and
former students, who have taught me volumes
and who continue give me the energy to keep
going. I must thank all of the former students
who contributed work to the first edition especially,
including Theresa Isaacson, Leanne Larson,
Ardella Pieper, Cory Sherman, and Justin
Thomson. Denise Haertl, Dan Effenheim, Anne
(Cleary) Olsen, and Angela Ska, now professional
designers, all willingly handed over
portfolios for inclusion in this edition. Current
students who contributed work and help include
Kristy Bokelman, Anne Harmer, and
Randi Steinbrecher. And I thank former exchange
students Elke Kalvelage, Jessica
Tebbe, and Dirk Olbrich for allowing me to include
some of their fine work.
I have been amazed and touched by the
generosity of members of the design community
who shared time and contributed projects:
my friend Lynn Barnhouse at Meyer, Scherer
& Rockcastle Architects, who contributed a
great deal of work and gave hours of her time;
Jane Rademacher, Lisa Miller, and Bob Albachten;
and Thom Lasley, of RSP Architects.
Others who took time out of very busy schedules
to contribute include Thomas Oliphant;
Jim Smart, of Smart Associates; Jim Moeller, at
Arthur Shuster Inc.; Craig Beddow, of Beddow
Design; Deborah Kucera, of TKDA; Janet Lawson,
of Janet Lawson Architectural Illustration;
and Robert Lownes, of Design Visualizations;
Harris Birkeland; and Aj Dumas.
I must acknowledge and thank my colleagues
at the University of Wisconsin–Stout.
Courtney Nystuen, a wonderful teacher and architect,
contributed in many ways. Bill Wikrent,
who is talented, knowledgeable, and very generous,
deserves special thanks. And this edition
would not have been finished in this decade
without the gift of a sabbatical: thank you to the
Sabbatical Committee. Jack Zellner and Kristine
Recker Simpson deserve thanks for willingly
contributing their fine work.
This project would not have been possible
without the help of my husband, Roger Parenteau,
support from our daughter, Anna, and
a fair amount of terror generated by young
Luc to keep things interesting.
Design is what links creativity and innovation. It shapes ideas to become practical and attractive propositions for users, clients or customers. Design may be described as creativity deployed to a specific end
Design is the creation of a plan or convention for the construction of an object or a system. It may be an architectural blueprints, engineering drawings, business processes, circuit diagrams or sewing patterns. Design has different connotations in different fields
N.B: The presentation is compiled from articles and presentations of experts, researchers, professors working in the same field for educational purpose.
this report describes the trendiest styles of interior design with focusing on the styles that work on local materials and elements. each style is defined and characterized in terms of elements and principles of design. submitted to the local lecture of university of duhok/kurdistan of iraq.
The research talks in detail about all the elements of design, for example, Line, Space, Balance, etc. This is to understand and create design in a harmony and give functional and aesthetical value
Good Design is Honest: Cognitive Science to UX Design PrinciplesWilliam Evans
This is a simple introduction to the cognitive science of perception leading into an exploration of user experience design principles as well as fundamentals of visual design.
Will Evans explores the convergence of practice and theory using Lean Systems, Design Thinking, Theory of Constraints, and Service Design with global enterprises from NYC to Berlin to Singapore. As Chief Design Officer, he works with a select group of clients undergoing Lean and Agile transformations across the entire organization. Will earned his Jonah® from AGI, and serves on the Board of Advisors for Rutgers CX (Customer Experience) Program. Formerly, he was Design Thinker-In-Residence at NYU Stern.
Will was previously the Chief Design Officer at PraxisFlow. Before that, he served as Managing Director of TLCLabs, the world’s leading Lean Design Innovation consultancy where he brought LeanUX, Lean and Kanban to large media, finance, and healthcare companies.
Before TLC, he led experience design and research for TheLadders in New York City. He has over 15 years industry experience in design innovation, user experience strategy and research. His roles include directing UX for social network analytics & terrorism modeling at AIR Worldwide, UX Architect for social media site Gather.com, and UX Architect for travel search engine Kayak.com. He worked at Lotus/IBM where he was the senior information architect, and for Curl – a DARPA-funded MIT project when he was at the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science.
Recent talks:
Introducing The Theory of Constraints
Exploration & Exploitation Mindsets in Design-Driven Enterprises
Redesigned to Disrupt: A Systems Thinking Approach
Design Thinking: Beyond the Bounds of Your Own Head
Introduction to Kanban for Creative Agencies
Framing LeanUX: Epistemology and Complexity in Product Design
Introduction to Lean UX Branding
This presentation explain how to decor Bedroom as per different Styles.... it includes
1. My Drawings, 2. Few Pictures and 3. My Style Desfinition......
Each Style explains something.....
This book, just like the first edition, compiles
the work of many hands (and keyboards) and
conversations. It has been made possible by the
generous contributions of numerous people, to
whom I would like to express my gratitude.
First, I must acknowledge my current and
former students, who have taught me volumes
and who continue give me the energy to keep
going. I must thank all of the former students
who contributed work to the first edition especially,
including Theresa Isaacson, Leanne Larson,
Ardella Pieper, Cory Sherman, and Justin
Thomson. Denise Haertl, Dan Effenheim, Anne
(Cleary) Olsen, and Angela Ska, now professional
designers, all willingly handed over
portfolios for inclusion in this edition. Current
students who contributed work and help include
Kristy Bokelman, Anne Harmer, and
Randi Steinbrecher. And I thank former exchange
students Elke Kalvelage, Jessica
Tebbe, and Dirk Olbrich for allowing me to include
some of their fine work.
I have been amazed and touched by the
generosity of members of the design community
who shared time and contributed projects:
my friend Lynn Barnhouse at Meyer, Scherer
& Rockcastle Architects, who contributed a
great deal of work and gave hours of her time;
Jane Rademacher, Lisa Miller, and Bob Albachten;
and Thom Lasley, of RSP Architects.
Others who took time out of very busy schedules
to contribute include Thomas Oliphant;
Jim Smart, of Smart Associates; Jim Moeller, at
Arthur Shuster Inc.; Craig Beddow, of Beddow
Design; Deborah Kucera, of TKDA; Janet Lawson,
of Janet Lawson Architectural Illustration;
and Robert Lownes, of Design Visualizations;
Harris Birkeland; and Aj Dumas.
I must acknowledge and thank my colleagues
at the University of Wisconsin–Stout.
Courtney Nystuen, a wonderful teacher and architect,
contributed in many ways. Bill Wikrent,
who is talented, knowledgeable, and very generous,
deserves special thanks. And this edition
would not have been finished in this decade
without the gift of a sabbatical: thank you to the
Sabbatical Committee. Jack Zellner and Kristine
Recker Simpson deserve thanks for willingly
contributing their fine work.
This project would not have been possible
without the help of my husband, Roger Parenteau,
support from our daughter, Anna, and
a fair amount of terror generated by young
Luc to keep things interesting.
Design is what links creativity and innovation. It shapes ideas to become practical and attractive propositions for users, clients or customers. Design may be described as creativity deployed to a specific end
Design is the creation of a plan or convention for the construction of an object or a system. It may be an architectural blueprints, engineering drawings, business processes, circuit diagrams or sewing patterns. Design has different connotations in different fields
N.B: The presentation is compiled from articles and presentations of experts, researchers, professors working in the same field for educational purpose.
this report describes the trendiest styles of interior design with focusing on the styles that work on local materials and elements. each style is defined and characterized in terms of elements and principles of design. submitted to the local lecture of university of duhok/kurdistan of iraq.
The research talks in detail about all the elements of design, for example, Line, Space, Balance, etc. This is to understand and create design in a harmony and give functional and aesthetical value
Good Design is Honest: Cognitive Science to UX Design PrinciplesWilliam Evans
This is a simple introduction to the cognitive science of perception leading into an exploration of user experience design principles as well as fundamentals of visual design.
Will Evans explores the convergence of practice and theory using Lean Systems, Design Thinking, Theory of Constraints, and Service Design with global enterprises from NYC to Berlin to Singapore. As Chief Design Officer, he works with a select group of clients undergoing Lean and Agile transformations across the entire organization. Will earned his Jonah® from AGI, and serves on the Board of Advisors for Rutgers CX (Customer Experience) Program. Formerly, he was Design Thinker-In-Residence at NYU Stern.
Will was previously the Chief Design Officer at PraxisFlow. Before that, he served as Managing Director of TLCLabs, the world’s leading Lean Design Innovation consultancy where he brought LeanUX, Lean and Kanban to large media, finance, and healthcare companies.
Before TLC, he led experience design and research for TheLadders in New York City. He has over 15 years industry experience in design innovation, user experience strategy and research. His roles include directing UX for social network analytics & terrorism modeling at AIR Worldwide, UX Architect for social media site Gather.com, and UX Architect for travel search engine Kayak.com. He worked at Lotus/IBM where he was the senior information architect, and for Curl – a DARPA-funded MIT project when he was at the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science.
Recent talks:
Introducing The Theory of Constraints
Exploration & Exploitation Mindsets in Design-Driven Enterprises
Redesigned to Disrupt: A Systems Thinking Approach
Design Thinking: Beyond the Bounds of Your Own Head
Introduction to Kanban for Creative Agencies
Framing LeanUX: Epistemology and Complexity in Product Design
Introduction to Lean UX Branding
Student of Dezyne E'cole College ,doing her Degree Programme in Interior Design .Along with the Degree programme the student is also updating her industry required skills of Interior Design through the Diploma Programme in Residential and Commercial Design .This is a work showcase of the work of this student after Two year of her study of Commercial Design.www.dezyneecole.com
Nisha Parwani,B.Sc-Interior Design,2years Residential and commercial Design P...dezyneecole
This project is created based on the commercial design concepts learned by me at Dezyne E'cole College for the retail design creation .
you can see my product design creations too here .
colour plays important part in hotels and housekeeping department interior decoration.various colours, colour scheme , colour combination, effects of colours are discussed in these slides
Perfect Interior Design Ideas with ultimate colours combination from "Samantha Chung Designs". If you are willing for bedroom interior design, then I would suggest to view this presentation so that you can imagine about your bedroom.
Ishac Diwan - Harvard University
Marc Schiffbauer - The World Bank
ERF Seminar on The Political Economy of the Private Sector in the Middle East
Marrakech, Morocco, December 21-22, 2016
www.erf.org.eg
The project main ambition is to empower small farmers in Eritrea through micro-financing and micro-ensurance project, associated with business technical cooperation. It main goal is to help reduce poverty in the country, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. Being agriculture the principal economic activity in Eritrea, and giving the low resources from domestic funding,the proposal is developed through a serie of strategies that could ally Private Sector Window to demands. Considering risks, IDA is necessary for mitigation and secure markets and investments. Target audience are MDBs, Private Sector and Public Sector.
History of Economic Thought Revisited: Beyond Left and RightJoffre Balce
As much as many of us hate economists, we all love to sound like one. Some simplify arguments that limit people's choices between the left and the right, between the government and the market or, worse, between two political parties. By reflecting on the origins and evolution of economic thought, we will endeavour to widen our gaze beyond such limited binary thinking and open new directions in economic discourse.
So much of what we take for granted today has only just been invented, some of it by Eva – she founded the world’s first Internet Cafe, where David Bowie and Gary Barlow learned about the Internet. Cyberia became a successful chain that she sold before joining Top Shop in 1998 as launch MD of their fledgling ecommerce activity in the days before payment platforms. Whilst at Top Shop, she launched the world’s first mobile ecommerce solution (WAP based). Eva has an extraordinary track record of spotting and exploiting trends. These days she works at The Retail Practice, where she helps brands, on and offline, to understand what is coming next.
Spotting trends is pretty easy if you know how. Using that knowledge is different – there’s one thing you really need to understand if you are going to capitalise on the future.
It is all about of Design for your Perfect Designs of your Presentation
created by andrea mae butalid,abigael lago, lara may racines and mary ann retuerto
Khurram Kamran has given the ideas of the Principles of design with examples & various slides, interior and natural objects. The presentation was an assignment given in the class of Interior Designing by Mr.Abrar Khokar, project coordinator of Indus Valley school of Arts, Karachi.
Manhattan of the desert-Yemen's Ancient Mud Skyscraper CitySumit Ranjan
Manhattan of the desert,
Yemen's Ancient Mud Skyscraper City,Introduction,
SHIBAM,
SITE AND SURROUNDINGS,SHIBAM CITY PLANNING,Traditional Layout and Climate in Shibam City ,
The Needs of Ventilation ,
ARCHITECTURAL IMPRESSION & PLANNING CONCEPT
,Construction techniques of Mud Buildings,
ADVANTAGES OF MUD BUILDINGS
WINDOWS AND DOOR OF SHIBAM, CASE STUDY, VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE
LIBRARY STUDY, 8TH SEM, COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE, BHADDAL,
concourse, hierarchy of bus terminals, i.s.b.t. design, introduction, layout, planning criteria, sizes, space requirements, types of vehicular movement
National Slum Development Program (NSDP) Sumit Ranjan
National Slum Development Program (NSDP)
Housing, 8th sem, B. Arch.
amount, beneficiaries, constraints and recommendations, discription, drawbacks, facilities, financial, funding, government, housing, introduction, managerial, nature, objectives, slums, technical
What is meant by “Airconditioning”?
Human Comfort
Why do we need A.C.?
Advantages and Disadvantage of A.C.
Ideal room temperature
some terminology-
Dry-bulb temperature
Wet-bulb temperature:
Dew point
Latent heat
Absolute humidity
Relative humidity
Specific humidity
Sensible heat
Evaporating Cooling
Condensation
Enthalpy
Entropy
7. Classification of air conditioners
8. Windows AC- advantages
Parts of the Window Air Conditioners
Working
The refrigeration system,
Air circulation system-room air cycle and
The hot air cycle.
Ventilation system,
Control system,
electrical protection system.
9.Split or Ductless AC-
Advantages, parts indoor and outdoor,
Types-
Wall mounted
Floor mounted/Tower AC
Ceiling mounted/Cassette AC
Multi Split ACs
10. Central Air Conditioning System
Advantages and disadvantages
11. Key differences between "Window", "Split" and a "cassette" air conditioners.
12. Cooling capacity
13. Energy Efficiency
14.Energy Consumption
15.Energy Efficiency Ratio
16.Energy Saving Methods
17.Some AC brands
Introduction,
history,
Characteristics features,
Planning,
Influences and principles of the garden,
Elements of Italian garden,
The contemporary garden,
Tuscan style garden,
Division of Italian Renaissance Gardens- 1.Gardens of the Early Italian Renaissance
2. Gardens of the High Renaissance
3.Mannerism and the Gardens of the Late Renaissance,
Other examples of the italian garden,
Some Featured plants,
A Literature Review of Rupert Menzees College Student Accommodation, NSW Aust...Sumit Ranjan
A Literature Review of Rupert Menzees College Student Accommodation, NSW ,Australia, Planning, Floor plans, Elevations,architectural characteristics, study of parking space, common areas, recreational areas, toilets, laundry, accommodation spaces,seminar halls,suits etc.
byelaws, periphery control, development, objective,FAR ratio, and edict of chandigarh: introduction, purpose, definition, objectives, some terminologies, open and interior space requirements, provision for lighting and ventilation, acts, chandigarh planning and landscape ,
Building Services :Drainage, Rain Water Disposal and HarvestingSumit Ranjan
Drainage- Sub- drains, Culverts, Ditches, Gutters, Drop inlets and Catch Basins,Rain Water Disposal for individual buildings, Rain Water Harvesting with examples and illustration for 4th sem.archi. ,P.T.U
EASY TUTORIAL OF HOW TO USE CAPCUT BY: FEBLESS HERNANEFebless Hernane
CapCut is an easy-to-use video editing app perfect for beginners. To start, download and open CapCut on your phone. Tap "New Project" and select the videos or photos you want to edit. You can trim clips by dragging the edges, add text by tapping "Text," and include music by selecting "Audio." Enhance your video with filters and effects from the "Effects" menu. When you're happy with your video, tap the export button to save and share it. CapCut makes video editing simple and fun for everyone!
Between Filth and Fortune- Urban Cattle Foraging Realities by Devi S Nair, An...Mansi Shah
This study examines cattle rearing in urban and rural settings, focusing on milk production and consumption. By exploring a case in Ahmedabad, it highlights the challenges and processes in dairy farming across different environments, emphasising the need for sustainable practices and the essential role of milk in daily consumption.
Book Formatting: Quality Control Checks for DesignersConfidence Ago
This presentation was made to help designers who work in publishing houses or format books for printing ensure quality.
Quality control is vital to every industry. This is why every department in a company need create a method they use in ensuring quality. This, perhaps, will not only improve the quality of products and bring errors to the barest minimum, but take it to a near perfect finish.
It is beyond a moot point that a good book will somewhat be judged by its cover, but the content of the book remains king. No matter how beautiful the cover, if the quality of writing or presentation is off, that will be a reason for readers not to come back to the book or recommend it.
So, this presentation points designers to some important things that may be missed by an editor that they could eventually discover and call the attention of the editor.
Storytelling For The Web: Integrate Storytelling in your Design ProcessChiara Aliotta
In this slides I explain how I have used storytelling techniques to elevate websites and brands and create memorable user experiences. You can discover practical tips as I showcase the elements of good storytelling and its applied to some examples of diverse brands/projects..
Can AI do good? at 'offtheCanvas' India HCI preludeAlan Dix
Invited talk at 'offtheCanvas' IndiaHCI prelude, 29th June 2024.
https://www.alandix.com/academic/talks/offtheCanvas-IndiaHCI2024/
The world is being changed fundamentally by AI and we are constantly faced with newspaper headlines about its harmful effects. However, there is also the potential to both ameliorate theses harms and use the new abilities of AI to transform society for the good. Can you make the difference?
White wonder, Work developed by Eva TschoppMansi Shah
White Wonder by Eva Tschopp
A tale about our culture around the use of fertilizers and pesticides visiting small farms around Ahmedabad in Matar and Shilaj.
Technoblade The Legacy of a Minecraft Legend.Techno Merch
Technoblade, born Alex on June 1, 1999, was a legendary Minecraft YouTuber known for his sharp wit and exceptional PvP skills. Starting his channel in 2013, he gained nearly 11 million subscribers. His private battle with metastatic sarcoma ended in June 2022, but his enduring legacy continues to inspire millions.
2. 2
Submitted to-
Ar Rimaljeet Kaur
Submitted by-
Sumit Ranjan
College of architecture,
Bhaddal, Ropar
6th sem
AR/12/834
3. What is meant by “Principles of Interior Design”?
3
The Principles of interior Design are the
ways that designers use the Elements of
interior design to create good
Compositions
(decoration/arragements).
Design principles are ways of
arranging or organising design
elements.
These principles evaluate each element
in a design (magnificent vs. mediocre
right vs. wrong).
The way the elements are arranged to
create a feeling of stability in a work.
6. Balance
i n t r o d u c t i o n6
Balance in interior design refers to
the proper distribution of objects in
a room to create visual balance.
Balance refers to the distribution of
visual weight within a composition.
Lack of balance disturbs the
harmony of a composition.
A work that is unbalanced visually
creates tension.
Balance is created when there is an
equilibrium of elements that need
each other and together they
create Unity.
7. 7
Balance
T y p e s
There’s three different kinds of
balance:
symmetrical (formal),
asymmetrical (informal)
radial.
Symmetrical (formal) Balance
He easiest way to achieve balance is by
using the symmetrical or formal form,
objects are repeated or mirrored along a
central axis.
It’s when the space is evenly split into two
sides that mirror each other.
Symmetry is created by dividing a space
and the elementswithin it equally.
Symmetry can create order, formality,
calmness and stillness.
Symmetry Makes Design Simple
9. 9
Although it's
primarily a
practical
space, a
bathroom
works its best
when
it's beautiful as
well
as functional.
In this
symmetrical
layout, custom
his-and-her
vanities on
either side of
the central
bathtub divide
the space. The
dark wood
pops
beautifully
against the
neutral
bathtub and
tiles.
11. 11 Asymmetrical design is typically created with an odd
number of disparate elements.
Lines, colours, forms and textures are balanced in a
space without duplication.
The two sides of a work of art are not exactly the
same, but are still visually balanced.
Asymmetry can look informal, natural and energetic.
A design effect in which elementson either side of an
imaginary central line are unmatched but appear to
be in balance.
Asymmetrical balance makes for a more relaxed and
lively interior space.
This balance scheme uses a central line but relies more
on the eye's sense of balance to complete the design.
Rather than having identical objects on either side of
the central axis, asymmetrically balanced spaces have
different objects of equal visual weight on either side
of the line.
Asymmetry Helps Us Stay Interested
Asymmetrical/informal balance
12. 12
Asymmetrical interiors tend to feel more dynamic and less
rigid because in these spaces a variety of objects types are
working together to create balance.
This form of balance can be more difficult to achieve it often
requires an “eye for design”.
13. 13
In this living
room, the
left side of
the fireplace
serves as
the central
line. The
height and
weight of the
sofa and
cushions on
the right
balance the
console on
the left. The
height of the
fireplace
surround
also
balances out
the tall
bookshelves
.
14. 14
You wouldn’t
guess that the
above photo
of Microsoft’s
new office,
designed is
balanced, but
it is. This is
because it’s
balanced in
an
asymmetrical
way using
variety in the
visual weight
of objects.
16. 16
Radial Balance
When there is a central focal point with other
elements radiating from it or around it, this is
radial balance.
Radial balance is almost circular – distributed
arrangementof items around a central point
either extending outward or inward.
You see radial balance less often in traditional
homes; round rooms are difficult to link to
other spaces.Butthe result can be stunning. The
central elements of a radially balanced room
— like the dining table and light fixture in this
dining space — become the immediate focal
points.
The chairs, sculpture and print all radiate out
from this central point.
The circular furniture placement radiates from the central round
coffee table and makes the arrangement look comfy and
relaxed.
17. 17
D-CRAIN Design and Construction
We can use
radial
symmetry in
the landscape
not only to
create a focal
point, but also
as a practical
approach to
design. This
swimming pool
is offset into a
circular
retaining wall;
the circular
stepping
stones show
people the way
to the pool and
add balance
and stability.
18. 18
This circular staircase creates a feeling of grandeurand focus.
The hall table embraces the radial balance of the space, and
the circular planter attracts the eye. The dark color of the table
is an eye-pleasing link to the black metal railing.
The placement chairs and other furnishings in the room are
based on the table as a central focal point.
19. 19
The central
elements of a
radially
balanced
room — like
the dining
table and light
fixture in this
dining space
— become the
immediate
focal points.
The chairs,
sculpture and
print all
radiate out
from this
central point.
20. Visual Balance
20
There are instances when this is the
desired effect, but for the majority
of spaces one goal is visual balance.
This is achieved by distributing the
visual weight of objects within a
space to achieve a feeling of
equilibrium.
The size, color, texture, shape of an
element can change its visual weight.
For example, larger, darker, brighter,
highly textured, complexly shaped
objects typically feel heavierand
require balance through the
placement equally “heavy” items or
multiple less heavy items.
21. 21
Very dark or saturated areas
of color demand attention
within a composition.
An area of high contrast,
even at a small size, will
automatically draw the
viewerʼ s eye.
Forms placed near the edge
of a page can also draw
more
visual attention than forms
placed directly in the center
of a page.
22. The Rule of Thirds
22 The Rule of Thirds refers to the idea of dividing a
composition into thirds based on a grid.
The most important elementsof the composition fall on
the lines in between to create a strong composition.
A slightly off center balance is more visually interesting
and harmonious than an evenly centered composition.
A rectangle has been divided horizontally and vertically
by four lines.
The rule of thirds states that the centers of interest for
any rectangle lie somewhere along those lines.
23. The Golden Mean
23
Golden Mean: Relationship between sizes that is pleasing to the
human eye.
This concept was first formally recognized by the ancient Greeks,
and examples of the golden mean can be observed through
Greek artwork and architecture.
The golden mean appears in everything from atomic
structures to galaxies.
Graphic designerscan use these proportions to create work that
instinctively looks “right.”
There’s a mathematical ratio commonly found in nature—the ratio
of 1 to 1.618—that has many names.
Most often we call it the Golden Section, Golden Ratio, or Golden
Mean, but it’s also occasionally referred to as the Golden Number,
Divine Proportion, Golden Proportion, Fibonacci Number, and Phi.
24. Fibonacci sequence
24
The Fibonacci Sequence is also one of the most
elemental building blocks found in nature.
This principle is based on the Fibonacci sequence, which is a
series if numbers to denote proportions:
2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89,144,233, etc. The each number in this
series is the sum of the two numbers proceeding it.
Proportions are based on the number Pi, in which
measurements are approximately1.618 times one another in
a layout.
In the example above, segment A is 1.618 times the size of
segment B, and segment B is
1.618 times the size of segment C.
27. Space
i n t r o d u c t i o n27
Space is the area in and around
something.
Designing involves arranging design
elements in space.
The distance or area between,
around, above, below, or within
things.
Three-dimensional designs have:
• form
• length
• width
• height
and occupy space.
30. 30
Focus/Emphasis
i n t r o d u c t i o n
Accent, stress, or importance placed on a part of
a piece of artwork.
Focus is used to centre attention.
Focus can be created by contrasting elements so
that they attract attention.
Emphasis is something we all know about. It simply
means that every room or space has a focal point,
whether it is architectural or an object.
A fireplace is the most common architectural focal
point.
Oversized artwork or a large piece of furniture
can also be a focal point in a room.
Interior design elements like color, texture and
form are used to add emphasis to a focal point.
If you refaced your fireplace with bronze glass
tiles, you have used color and texture to create
emphasis.
The fireplace and mirror collection
exemplifies emphasis in a room.
33. 33
The single element of emphasis in this
bathroom is the sink structure. The sink draws
your eye to it because of the bold gold and
brown color, the shape and size of the
element in the room. The shape provides
movement in the space and the colors
complement the wall color behind it. In this
small area, the sink dominates the space.
The ceiling in this kitchen is amazing, its the first thing my
eyes went to when I saw the image. The placement, color,
shape, and size of the lighting makes this kitchen different
and exciting.
34. 34
The sofas
frame the
painting as
the focal point
of this room,
with a white
wall-to-ceiling
construct
juxtaposed
against the
wall and
ceiling for
further
contrast.
38. 38
The design principle that suggests connected movement between different parts of
a design by using colors, lines, forms, or textures; also referred to as continuity
Rhythm is visual flow: the eye should be able to ‘flow’ smoothly across the room.
Regular repetition of lines, shapes, or colors that create a movement.
Patterns have rhythm .
Rhythm refers to a way of utilizing the art elements to produce the look and feel
of rhythmic movement with a visual tempo or beat.
Rhythm is a feeling of structured movement created by the repetition of elements.
Rhythm can be used to create a sense of movement in, through or around a
design.
Repeated elements and the spaces between them make patterns that we
experience as rhythm.
This helps to give a composition visual harmony by creating unity in a layout.
Examples include the repetition of similar shapes, colors or textures.
Rhythm
i n t r o d u c t i o n
40. 40
Rhythm can be accomplished through the
following means:
1. Repetition
2. Alternation
3. Progression
Repetition
The repeated use of certain objects or
physical attributes of decor elements.
For example: chevron patterns on both
your sofa and wall tapestry, a series
of similar vases lining a mantle or a
stack of books on a shelf.
Similarly-themed homeware and arts
will also contribute to the theme of
your interior design.
Repetition is the simplest way to attain rhythm and can be
achieved by repeating any of the elements of design
(line, colour, texture and pattern, light, and scale and
proportion) or other design concepts in an organized and
regular way.
41. 41
He repeating wood slats on the wall of this pizza
shop creates a playful rhythm and draws your eye
through the space.
42. 42
Repetition is the
simplest way to
attain rhythm
and can be
achieved by
repeating any
of the elements
of design
(line, colour, tex
ture and
pattern, light,
and scale and
proportion)
43. 43
Alternation
Alternation is used to create
rhythm by alternating two or
more elements in a regular
pattern.
The pattern may be
ABCABC or ABBABB, but
always repeating in the
same order
a modular sofa with
alternating colours of white
and green, placing a small
roundtable between two
armchairs, or even
differently-shaped wall
recesses can achieve this
effect, as seen below.
45. 45
Progression
Interior design elements placed according to size from smaller to bigger ones, or perhaps according to the
gradient of their colours.
Rhythm can also be achieved through progression. Examples are a gradation of colour or a series of objects
that start small and become large in a very regular manner.
46. 46
The Barajas
Airport is an
excellent
example of
rhythm
achieved
through
repetition
and
progression
of colour.
48. Unity
i n t r o d u c t i o n48
Unity is achieved when all of the different elements in a design work together to create a unified whole.
Designers use unity to make elements in a composition appear to belong together.
When each elements has a clear visual relationship to one or more other elements, the composition is
unified.
Unity is what draws the whole design together. Simply put, every single item in your home should
contribute to the overall interior design concept, not draw away from it.
All Parts of a work of art are interrelated, balanced, and organized to achieve a quality of oneness .
A unified design is greater than the sum of its parts; the design is seen as a whole first, before the
individual elementsare noticed .
Unity can be compared to harmony, integrity or wholeness.
When unity is achieved:
a composition does not become cluttered or confusing.
a concept can be communicated more clearly.
a design evokes a sense of quality and organization.
49. 49 Some of the ways to achieve unity include:
1. Alignment
2. Similarity
3. Proximity
4. Repetition
5. Continuation
6. Overlapping
Alignment consists of arranging elements so that
their edges are lined up.
The common alignment allows the eye to group
those elementstogether.
A grid is often used to create unity through
alignment, not just in a single design but also
between related designs (the pages of a
magazine or book, for example).
1.Alignment
51. 51
3.Proximity
Proximity is based on
grouping by closeness;
the closer elements are to
each other, the more
likely we will see them as
a group.
Proximity is one of the
easiest ways to achieve
unity.
52. 52
4. Repetition
Repetition is based on
grouping by similarity;
elements that are similar
visually are perceived to
be related.
Any element can be
repeated - line, shape,
color, value or texture -
as well other things such
as direction, angle or
size.
Repetition helps unify a
design by creating
similar elements and is
one of the most effective
ways to unify a design.
53. 53
5. Continuation
Continuation means that
something (a line, an
edge, a curve, a direction)
continues from one
element to another.
The viewer’s eye will
follow the continuing line
or edge smoothly from
one elementto other and
the mind will group the
elements because of this
connection.
Implied lines are one
example of continuation.