The document discusses the principles of interior design, including proportion, scale, balance, rhythm, emphasis, and style. It provides examples and definitions for each principle. Proportion relates to the ratio between sizes of objects. Scale refers to the relationship between objects sizes, especially compared to human scale. Balance can be achieved symmetrically, asymmetrically, or radially by distributing visual weight. Rhythm introduces order and flow through repetition. Emphasis uses elements to create a focal point. Style evolves over time through use of design elements and can include modern minimalist, classic, rustic, retro, contemporary, and hi-tech approaches.

1. Principles of
Interior design
Submitted by :
Sakshi
Ar/13/925
Submitted to:
Ar. Ravinder Singh

2. •Principles of interior design are achieved through the
application of the elements of design.
•The principles are:
Proportion
Scale
Balance
Rhythm
Emphasis
Style

3. proportion

4. • Proportion is the ratio between
the size of one part to another.
• Proportion has a huge impact on
the functionality of a space. It is
all about the general size of
objects and can change the entire
look and feel of a room. Color,
Space, and Style shows you how
to get proportions right every
time.

5. IMPACT OF PROPORTIONS IN A ROOM

6. scale

7. • Scale refers to the relationship
between two or more objects, one
that has a commonly known size.
In most cases, the size of objects is
compared to human scale.
• A larger room can handle
furnishings and decor that are
larger in scale. And vise versa.
The smaller the room is, the more
petite or delicate the furnishings
and decor should be.
• It can be seen and divided in three
categories:
1. Human scale
2. Monumental scale
3. Miniature scale

8. HUMAN SCALE
One can find examples of this in
their homes and workplaces; for
instance, standardized heights
have been created for
countertops, chairs have been
scaled to fit our bodies, the
widths of hallways allow for
people to comfortably pass one
another.

9. MONUMENTAL
SCALE

10. MINIATURE
SCALE

11. BALANCE

12. • the majority of spaces have one
goal is visual balance.
• This is achieved by distributing the
visual weight of objects within a
space to achieve a feeling of
equilibrium.
• The size, color, texture, shape of an
element can change its visual
weight.
•For example, larger, darker,
brighter, highly textured,
complexly shaped objects
typically feel heavier and require
balance through the placement
equally “heavy” items or
multiple less heavy items.
•Balance can also be achieved in
three ways: symmetrically,
asymmetrically and radially.

13. Symmetrical
BALANCE

14. • Symmetrical balance is
achieved when items are
actually repeated or
mirrored along a central
axis.
• This type of balance is
frequently seen in nature,
our own bodies included.
• Symmetry is common in
interior design and can
portray a feeling of stability,
calmness and
dignity. however, can also
be seen as static, dull and
unimaginative
• Symmetry can be achieved
through the use of pattern,
arrangement of furniture,
fixtures and millwork, and
through the application of
colour.

15. aSymmetrical
BALANCE

16. • Asymmetrical balance relates
very strongly to the visual
weight of objects. Rather than
repeating the same item within
a space to achieve balance, in
this case one uses different
elements with a similar
perceived weight to achieve
balance on the opposing axis.
• complex shapes often feel
heavier and for that reason are
commonly used to achieve
asymmetrical balance
• Asymmetrical interiors tend to
feel more dynamic and less rigid
because in these spaces a
variety of objects types are
working together to create
balance. This form of balance
can be more difficult to achieve
it often requires an “eye for
design”.

17. radial
BALANCE

18. • Just as it sounds radial
balance is almost circular
– distributed arrangement
of items around a central
point either extending
outward or inward.
• Common examples of
radial balance translated
to the interior
environment include
chairs centered around a
table, the structure of a
circular rotunda, or even a
circular lighting fixture.
• If one wishes to create
focus on a central item,
applying radial balance (so
that the attention is
directed inward) is a great
way to achieve this.

19. rhythm

20. • Rhythm can be thought
of as a pattern in
movement.
• rhythm can be applied to
interior spaces as a way
to introduce order,
interest and focus, and to
help lead your eye
through a room.
•rhythm and can be achieved
by repeating any of the
elements of design.
•Rhythm can also be achieved
through progression.
•Examples are a gradation of
colour or a series of objects
that start small and become
large in a very regular manner.

22. emphasis

23. • It is a principle of interior
design that says that a
central piece of art or
furniture must play the
role of a focal point or
attention grabber of a
particular living space.
• Elements like color, pattern
and texture must be used
to emphasize a particular
focal point.
• In fact these elements
must be used in such a way
that the focal point
dominates the rest of the
décor items and pulls the
room together. Other
items that surround the
focal point must
complement the latter and
share a contrast that puts
the focal point in the top
priority.

25. • Style is evolved over a period of time, according to the use of various interior
designing elements.
• They can be used solely or in combination (Fusion). Some of them are :
STYLE
Modern Minimalist Style
Classic Style R
U
S
T
I
C
C R
L E
A I
S N
S T
I E
C R
P
R
E
T
E
D

26. Retro Style
Maverick Style
Contemporary
Style
Country Style

27. Hi Tech Style

28. Modern Minimalist Style
• This style is a form of extreme
accuracy, nothing is too much,
without heavy backgrounds.
• The emphasis is on simplicity, the
colors may be dull or bright, in
any case flashy colors.
• Pieces are either geometric
shapes – square, rectangular,
round, but the surfaces are clean,
no scenery, no details.

29. Classic Style
• It is a refined style, developed, rich in
details, which are found both in the
structure of furniture, lighting, etc. as
well as in sets, prints.
• The furniture is the “art” type,
carved or inlaid details and
apply. Decorated with floral
elements, vegetable, various
leitmotif or scenes drawn from
legends.

30. Rustic Style
• Style structure is a crude, rough
details, structure elements of
furniture / lighting can be in tree
trunks, logs, branches, jute. Style is
found in mountain vacation homes,
rural.

31. Classic Reinterpreted Style
• It is a refined style, elegant, where classic
forms details are found in a new approach.
• The forms preserves the structure of old
forms or parts in general updating them
sometimes, or some elements of a
furniture style combined with modern
elements, creating that fusion between old
and new.
• Finishing parts are in a new approach-
painted and varnished, with different and
innovative colors, surface gold, silver.

32. Retro Style
• It is the style of ’50s, ’60s or ’70s. In that
period it is anticipated design pieces to
come.
• The songs have a playful approach,
funny structure, their form and the play
of colors and prints that we find in each
piece.
• . Prints with geometric shapes, lines,
plaid or printed with illustrations
belonging to the Pop Art style.

33. Maverick Style
• It is part of modern style, the approach
is very inventive, unusual and
unconventional .
• Young, explosive, inventive not respect
the rules.
• Structure can be obtained by joining
pieces, overlapping volumes and
volumes twisting colors can be
randomly chosen even for the same
room, seemingly nothing happens, only
part of the excentrity of this style.

34. Contemporary Style
• The style is contemporary-modern style but
maintains a hot line through selected finishes
and color range used.
• The songs do not seem very new, modern,
cool. Colors are balanced, warm, bright tones
and pastel can be out of the question when it
comes to these style. Finishes warm, wood-
veneer, solid wood doors with frames or
appearance to look more polished and panels
upholstered with leather or sometimes, may be
characteristic of this style.
• Textile materials, velvet, plush, upholstered
pieces ptr skin are often used in shaping the
ambience characteristic of this style.

35. Country Style
• Rural style is elegant furniture style
with influences from English, French
or Scandinavian classic pure style can
be called rural chic.
• Furniture finishes are nice, bright
colors-white, pastel colors and forms
were taking over traditional
furniture but not abundant
decorations. Surfaces are painted or
sometimes have a slight patina.

36. Hi -Tech Style
• Hightech style is an innovative modern style,
the emphasis being on furniture structure
where every detail of combination is not
random and it is part of that structure.
• Screws, rivets, wheels apparent booms, rough
metal finishes, appearances bulbs are specific
to this style. The finishes used are often of
metal, glass and plastic and wood in small
proportions and for parts we find fabric-
upholstered as simple as we can, leather.
• The colors are often dull-gray, white, small
black scale.

37. THANK YOU