Project Basic Univariate Statistics, Graphical Methods, and Communication of Data Overview and Rationale This assignment is designed to provide you with hands-on experience in performing descriptive statistical methods on a data set. The data set is provided in an Excel workbook and contains a wide range to data types that you will need to work with. Course Outcomes This assignment is directly linked to the following key learning outcomes from the course syllabus: CO1: Explore the use of statistical software in data analysis through hands-on applications, CO2: Create distributions and graphical representation based on given data and identify which distributions best fit the data using the Chi-squared goodness of fit test. CO7: Interpret meaningful relationships and patterns in the data in relation to a given business question Assignment Summary Using the data provided in the attached Excel workbook provided, apply the methods of graphical and numerical descriptive statistics to both the categorical and numerical data as described in the project document. Follow the instructions in the project document to analyze the data presented in the Excel workbook. Then complete a report summarizing the results in your Excel workbook. Submit both the report and the Excel workbook. The Excel workbook contains all statistical work. The report should include all your findings along with important statisticalissues. Format & Guidelines The report should follow the following format: (i) Introduction (ii) Analysis (iii) Conclusion And be 800-900 words and be presented in the APA format. The Excel spreadsheet must be completed as outlined in the assignment. Project Instructions: Using the Excel workbook provided: 1. Create a histogram of the top 10 districts with the highest average number of vehicles per household in 2016. (10%) 2. Create a relative frequency histogram from the “2016 percentage of households without vehicles” for the entire country. Comment on the shape of the distribution. (10%) 3. Create a box plot of the “2016 percentage of households without vehicles” for the entire country. (5%) 4. Perform numerical descriptive statistics for the “2016 Vehicles per Household” for the entire country. (5%) 5. For the “2016 percentage of households without vehicle” for the entire country, determine whether there are any outliers. Comment on the districts to which the outliers belong. (10%) 6. Repeat tasks 2-5 above for the “2015 percentage of households without vehicle”. (30%) Describe whether there are any similarities or dissimilarities in the distributions of the two variables that you have analyzed (the two variables are: “2016 percentage of households without vehicles” and “2015 percentage of households without vehicles”) (10%). 7. Create a table that shows the average number of vehicles per household by state in 2016 (org ...

1. Project
Basic Univariate Statistics, Graphical Methods, and
Communication of
Data
Overview and Rationale
This assignment is designed to provide you with hands-on
experience in performing
descriptive statistical methods on a data set. The data set is
provided in an Excel workbook
and contains a wide range to data types that you will need to
work with.
Course Outcomes
This assignment is directly linked to the following key learning
outcomes from the course
syllabus:
CO1: Explore the use of statistical software in data analysis

2. through hands-on applications,
CO2: Create distributions and graphical representation based on
given data and identify
which distributions best fit the data using the Chi-squared
goodness of fit test.
CO7: Interpret meaningful relationships and patterns in the data
in relation to a given
business question
Assignment Summary
Using the data provided in the attached Excel workbook
provided, apply the methods of
graphical and numerical descriptive statistics to both the
categorical and numerical data as
described in the project document.
Follow the instructions in the project document to analyze the
data presented in the Excel
workbook. Then complete a report summarizing the results in
your Excel workbook.
Submit both the report and the Excel workbook.

3. The Excel workbook contains all statistical work. The report
should include all your
findings along with important statisticalissues.
Format & Guidelines
The report should follow the following format:
(i) Introduction
(ii) Analysis
(iii) Conclusion
And be 800-900 words and be presented in the APA format.
The Excel spreadsheet must be completed as outlined in the
assignment.
Project Instructions:
Using the Excel workbook provided:
1. Create a histogram of the top 10 districts with the highest
average number
of vehicles per household in 2016. (10%)
2. Create a relative frequency histogram from the “2016

4. percentage of households
without vehicles” for the entire country. Comment on the shape
of the
distribution. (10%)
3. Create a box plot of the “2016 percentage of households
without vehicles”
for the entire country. (5%)
4. Perform numerical descriptive statistics for the “2016
Vehicles per Household” for
the entire country. (5%)
5. For the “2016 percentage of households without vehicle” for
the entire country,
determine whether there are any outliers. Comment on the
districts to which
the outliers belong. (10%)
6. Repeat tasks 2-5 above for the “2015 percentage of
households without vehicle”.
(30%) Describe whether there are any similarities or
dissimilarities in the
distributions of the two variables that you have analyzed (the
two variables are:
“2016 percentage of households without vehicles” and “2015
percentage of

5. households without vehicles”) (10%).
7. Create a table that shows the average number of vehicles per
household by state in
2016 (organize the table by states in alphabetic order). Next,
create a same table for
2015, and create a scatter plot of the average number of
vehicles per household by
state in 2016 versus that of 2015. Use the scatter plot to
describe whether there
exists a correlation between the two quantities above. Calculate
this correlation and interpret this correlation in words.
Lastly, fit a regression of the average number of vehicles per
household in 2016 on the average number of vehicles in
2015, write down the fitted regression model. (40%) (with 20%
bonus)
Rubric
Category Above Standard Meets Standards Approaching
Standards

6. Below Standards
Not Evident
Excel (or R):
Problem
Modeling &
Set-up
ALY6010_CO2
Thoroughly and
concisely modeled the
problem in Excel (or R)
for each method
Accurately modeled the
problem in Excel (or R)
for each method
Satisfactorily modeled
the problem in Excel (or
R) for each method.
Partially modeled the
problem in Excel (or R)
for each method, but
there are some gaps in
the problem modeling
and setup
Did not submit or
incompletely modeled
the problem in Excel (or
R)

7. Excel (or R):
Problem
Solution
&
Accuracy
ALY6010_CO3
Thoroughly and
efficiently obtained
correct and accurate
solutions in Excel (or R)
by using the appropriate
analytic tools of the
software
Thoroughly obtained
accurate solutions in
Excel (or R) by using the
appropriate analytic
tools of the software

8. Satisfactorily obtained
correct solutions in
Excel (or R) by using the
appropriate analytic
tools of the software
Partially obtained
accurate solutions in
Excel (or R) by using the
appropriate analytic
tools of the software
Did not submit or did
not obtain accurate
solutions in Excel (or R)
using the appropriate
analytic tools of the
software
Word/Report:
Problem
Description &
Introduction

9. Thoroughly provided a
summary of the problem
descriptions and
introduced the problem
usingrichand significant
ideas
Thoroughly provided a
summary of the problem
descriptions and
problem introduction
Satisfactorily provided a
summary of the problem
descriptions and

10. problem introduction
Partially provided a
summary of the problem
descriptions and problem
introduction
Did not submit or did
not provide a summary
of the problem
descriptions and
problem introduction
Word/Report:
Description of
Problem
Analysis

11. ALY6010_CO1
Thoroughly and
accurately described the
analytic concepts and
theories used in
analyzing the problem
Accurately described the
analytic concepts and
theories used in
analyzing the problem
Satisfactorily described
the analytic concepts
and theories used in

12. analyzing the problem
Partially described the
analytic concepts and
theories used in
analyzing the problem
Did not submit or did
not provide a summary
of the problem
descriptions and
problem introduction

13. Category Above Standard Meets Standards Approaching
Standards
Below Standards
Not Evident
Word/Report:
Description of
Conclusions
Thoroughly described
the conclusions and
results obtained in the
project using a high level
of critical thinking and

14. reasoning
Thoroughly described
the conclusions and
results obtained in the
project
Satisfactorily described
the conclusions and
results obtained in the
project
Partially described the
conclusions and results
obtained in the project
Did not submit or did

15. not describe the
conclusions and results
obtained in the project
Word/Report:
Writing
Mechanics,
Title Page, &
References
Completely free of
errors in grammar,
spelling, and
punctuation; and
completely correct usage

16. of title page, citations,
and references. The
report contains a
minimum of 1000 words
There are no noticeable
errors in grammar,
spelling, and
punctuation; and
completely correct usage
of title page, citations,
and references. The
report contains a
minimum of 1000 words

17. There are very few
errors in grammar,
spelling, and
punctuation; and
completely correct usage
of title page, citations,
and references. The
report contains a
minimum of 1000 words
There are more than five
errors in grammar,
spelling, and

18. punctuation; or the
usage of title page,
citations, and references
are incomplete; or the
report contains less than
1000 words
Did not submit; or there
are many errors in
grammar, spelling, and
punctuation; or the
usage of title page,
citations, and references
are totally incomplete;

19. or the report contains
very few words
Jingmeng Li
MUSC 1080
01/10/2019
Chapter 5
Chapter 5 is taking about South Asia, mainly India and
Pakistan. India has more than 1 million people, there must be a
lot of diversity in a country as large as India. Religious culture
is very popular in India, India is home to several of the world's
great religions, the “battle” between interethnic and inter-
religious conflicts is inevitable. India can be broadly split into
two main cultural regions: North and south. The north of India
was deeply influenced by Indo-European invaders, more
religions. North India: Hindustani Instrumental Raga, raga
typically features a soloist, who is accompanied by one or more
tamburas and a percussionist playing a pair of drums. Hinduism
dominated in the south, so the impact for the south India is less

20. than north. South India: Carnatic Music, south Indian music is
usually vocal.
I chose the song called Nat-Bhairev from “India's Great Shamim
Ahmed: Three Ragas” by Shamim Ahmed.
(https://folkways.si.edu/shamim-ahmed/india-three-
ragas/world/music/album/smithsonian)
According what we learned from chapter 5, this song is from
north India and it is a raga. What I can heard from this song, the
mainly instrument is a strings of India, Sitar. And the drum,
tabla, Tanpura. My feeling about Indian music is mysterious, its
hard to feel some emotion from this song for me, maybe because
I’m not really know about their religion culture. I only feel this
song is solemn and mysterious. The Tanpura makes me feel my
back tingle.
DataJusidiction2015 Households Without Vehicles2016
Households Without Vehicles2015 Vehicles per Household2016
Vehicles per HouseholdSource:Abilene,
Texas5.40%8.00%1.711.69http://www.governing.com/gov-
dataAkron, Ohio14.50%12.90%1.421.46Albuquerque, New
Mexico8.50%6.90%1.691.75Alexandria,
Virginia10.10%10.00%1.381.34Allentown,
Pennsylvania19.20%16.90%1.311.33Amarillo,
Texas6.10%4.20%1.731.81Anaheim,
California5.70%5.20%2.012.05Anchorage,

21. Alaska6.80%6.10%1.841.95Ann Arbor,
Michigan12.40%11.50%1.451.44Antioch,
California5.70%3.30%2.142.24Arden-Arcade,
California8.80%9.60%1.531.58Arlington,
Texas4.70%3.70%1.851.89Arlington,
Virginia13.40%12.70%1.381.4Arvada,
Colorado3.70%3.60%2.042.07Athens-Clarke County,
Georgia11.20%9.00%1.521.67Atlanta,
Georgia15.20%16.40%1.311.28Augusta-Richmond County,
Georgia9.30%9.10%1.681.69Aurora,
Colorado7.40%6.30%1.821.85Aurora,
Illinois4.00%3.80%1.981.94Austin,
Texas6.90%6.00%1.651.65Bakersfield,
California5.50%6.10%1.931.92Baltimore,
Maryland30.70%28.90%1.081.08Baton Rouge,
Louisiana10.40%11.40%1.541.55Beaumont,
Texas8.80%7.70%1.571.62Bellevue,
Washington5.50%6.90%1.741.81Berkeley,
California19.80%23.10%1.291.23Billings,
Montana4.90%6.70%2.051.91Birmingham,
Alabama15.80%12.30%1.411.48Boise City,
Idaho4.70%4.60%1.811.7Boston,
Massachusetts35.40%33.80%0.940.94Boulder,
Colorado8.10%7.30%1.631.72Brandon,
Florida3.70%6.60%1.751.69Bridgeport,

22. Connecticut22.10%20.10%1.371.42Broken Arrow,
Oklahoma3.20%3.00%2.032Brownsville,
Texas7.60%9.60%1.731.73Buffalo, New
York30.00%28.20%1.031.08Burbank,
California7.60%8.70%1.651.71Cambridge,
Massachusetts30.90%36.80%0.90.86Cape Coral,
Florida3.00%3.00%1.721.78Carlsbad,
California2.20%3.00%1.992.01Carrollton,
Texas2.20%2.50%1.911.91Cary, North
Carolina2.40%1.40%1.941.89Cedar Rapids,
Iowa7.80%5.90%1.721.75Centennial,
Colorado2.60%1.70%2.12.15Chandler,
Arizona4.20%4.20%1.821.85Charleston, South
Carolina8.20%7.20%1.641.55Charlotte, North
Carolina7.40%6.00%1.651.71Chattanooga,
Tennessee11.80%10.60%1.531.54Chesapeake,
Virginia4.50%4.40%2.021.99Chicago,
Illinois26.50%27.50%1.111.12Chula Vista,
California4.90%4.90%1.992.01Cincinnati,
Ohio19.30%21.20%1.271.3Clarksville,
Tennessee4.70%2.40%1.781.84Clearwater,
Florida10.60%10.90%1.491.45Cleveland,
Ohio23.50%23.70%1.151.19Clovis,
California5.50%4.00%1.921.98College Station,
Texas4.70%6.30%1.781.86Colorado Springs,

23. Colorado5.80%4.50%1.81.85Columbia,
Maryland8.60%5.00%1.721.81Columbia,
Missouri9.00%5.50%1.661.68Columbia, South
Carolina12.90%10.40%1.471.55Columbus,
Georgia12.40%8.60%1.521.68Columbus,
Ohio9.80%9.40%1.541.55Concord,
California6.90%7.00%1.941.86Coral Springs,
Florida4.10%5.10%1.881.81Corona,
California3.50%2.60%2.172.29Corpus Christi,
Texas8.50%7.90%1.751.77Costa Mesa,
California6.00%3.00%1.792Dallas,
Texas10.20%9.10%1.561.59Daly City,
California6.40%8.60%1.961.95Davenport,
Iowa9.50%7.40%1.71.66Davie,
Florida6.50%3.20%1.811.9Dayton,
Ohio22.20%19.00%1.321.39Denton,
Texas4.90%3.10%1.781.8Denver,
Colorado9.60%9.40%1.581.62Des Moines,
Iowa8.50%9.60%1.71.71Detroit,
Michigan25.30%24.70%1.131.15Downey,
California3.70%2.10%2.112.19Durham, North
Carolina9.80%8.70%1.561.63East Los Angeles,
California13.00%12.00%1.61.75El Cajon,
California10.40%8.60%1.671.73El Monte,
California10.20%8.90%1.832.05El Paso,

24. Texas7.40%8.40%1.791.82Elgin,
Illinois4.80%5.10%1.851.95Elizabeth, New
Jersey28.30%25.80%1.081.17Elk Grove,
California3.40%1.80%2.162.21Enterprise,
Nevada2.20%4.30%1.871.85Escondido,
California8.00%5.70%1.881.95Eugene,
Oregon12.30%11.60%1.541.64Evansville,
Indiana11.70%11.50%1.541.48Everett,
Washington13.20%11.60%1.641.65Fairfield,
California4.80%7.40%2.032.01Fargo, North
Dakota7.00%8.80%1.661.67Fayetteville, North
Carolina8.90%7.00%1.651.64Fontana,
California3.10%2.70%2.372.27Fort Collins,
Colorado4.40%4.80%1.891.86Fort Lauderdale,
Florida8.80%8.20%1.451.49Fort Wayne,
Indiana8.00%6.00%1.651.69Fort Worth,
Texas6.10%4.80%1.81.83Fremont,
California4.50%5.20%2.12.12Fresno,
California11.40%12.40%1.641.63Frisco,
Texas1.10%2.00%2.052Fullerton,
California5.60%5.50%1.962.02Gainesville,
Florida10.40%11.40%1.481.44Garden Grove,
California5.30%4.60%2.232.19Garland,
Texas4.60%4.40%1.992.04Gilbert,
Arizona1.90%1.70%2.042.08Glendale,

25. Arizona8.40%9.00%1.661.72Glendale,
California11.70%11.40%1.651.67Grand Prairie,
Texas3.80%3.30%2.032.03Grand Rapids,
Michigan12.50%12.00%1.511.56Greeley,
Colorado5.70%5.80%1.921.92Green Bay,
Wisconsin8.60%8.50%1.611.66Greensboro, North
Carolina6.10%7.30%1.641.61Gresham,
Oregon9.80%8.50%1.681.87Hampton,
Virginia6.70%7.80%1.751.69Hartford,
Connecticut30.30%32.60%10.99Hayward,
California6.00%5.70%2.082.12Henderson,
Nevada2.80%5.00%1.791.74Hialeah,
Florida12.60%12.20%1.531.58High Point, North
Carolina8.70%9.10%1.651.66Highlands Ranch,
Colorado2.70%1.50%2.072.04Hillsboro,
Oregon7.60%5.90%1.71.86Hollywood,
Florida11.40%9.70%1.521.53Honolulu,
Hawaii16.60%17.20%1.41.4Houston,
Texas8.30%8.10%1.581.59Huntington Beach,
California2.60%2.20%1.981.99Huntsville,
Alabama6.60%6.30%1.681.7Independence,
Missouri7.50%5.80%1.71.7Indianapolis,
Indiana10.50%8.70%1.541.63Inglewood,
California9.80%9.80%1.631.69Irvine,
California5.00%4.00%1.771.83Irving,

26. Texas4.50%4.90%1.721.75Jackson,
Mississippi11.00%7.60%1.61.68Jacksonville,
Florida8.30%8.70%1.621.62Jersey City, New
Jersey40.10%37.10%0.810.85Joliet,
Illinois7.20%6.60%1.831.91Jurupa Valley,
California4.80%4.90%2.392.32Kansas City,
Kansas10.10%8.60%1.781.72Kansas City,
Missouri11.40%11.30%1.551.58Kent,
Washington7.00%8.70%1.981.85Killeen,
Texas6.30%6.20%1.721.79Knoxville,
Tennessee9.70%11.30%1.571.59Lafayette,
Louisiana10.60%8.00%1.61.6Lakeland,
Florida7.00%5.60%1.531.54Lakewood,
Colorado5.50%6.50%1.851.84Lancaster,
California9.60%7.70%1.781.77Lansing,
Michigan12.60%13.40%1.411.45Laredo,
Texas6.50%5.90%1.871.85Las Cruces, New
Mexico6.10%8.20%1.751.73Las Vegas,
Nevada10.20%10.50%1.621.63League City,
Texas2.60%1.00%2.042.15Lehigh Acres,
Florida3.50%4.20%1.851.81Lewisville,
Texas4.10%4.30%1.761.78Lexington,
Kentucky7.20%7.40%1.641.7Lincoln,
Nebraska6.30%5.80%1.741.78Little Rock,
Arkansas8.20%8.90%1.591.58Long Beach,

27. California10.40%10.10%1.641.69Los Angeles,
California12.10%12.20%1.591.62Louisville/Jefferson County,
Kentucky11.70%10.90%1.61.61Lowell,
Massachusetts17.60%16.90%1.351.52Lubbock,
Texas7.30%5.60%1.671.74Macon-Bibb County,
Georgia13.20%13.30%1.551.6Madison,
Wisconsin11.20%11.20%1.511.5Manchester, New
Hampshire8.10%13.50%1.61.56McAllen,
Texas6.90%7.60%1.721.72McKinney,
Texas3.80%2.40%1.891.95Memphis,
Tennessee11.80%12.50%1.491.47Mesa,
Arizona7.40%6.80%1.671.78Mesquite,
Texas4.70%3.70%1.921.96Metairie,
Louisiana6.30%7.20%1.61.6Miami Gardens,
Florida6.50%5.30%1.751.71Miami,
Florida19.90%18.60%1.191.24Midland,
Texas5.70%3.70%2.051.93Milwaukee,
Wisconsin17.90%18.70%1.31.34Minneapolis,
Minnesota18.20%17.10%1.331.35Miramar,
Florida2.50%2.30%1.972Mobile,
Alabama9.70%8.30%1.61.65Modesto,
California8.10%7.20%1.821.86Montgomery,
Alabama8.50%11.00%1.681.62Moreno Valley,
California5.00%2.90%2.222.32Murfreesboro,
Tennessee3.80%3.80%1.821.96Murrieta,

28. California3.50%0.70%2.122.36Naperville,
Illinois3.30%4.40%1.891.91Nashville-Davidson,
Tennessee7.90%5.90%1.661.72New Haven,
Connecticut30.40%29.20%1.011.1New Orleans,
Louisiana18.80%20.20%1.281.26New York, New
York54.50%54.40%0.630.63Newark, New
Jersey39.20%40.30%0.860.89Newport News,
Virginia9.50%8.40%1.631.69Norfolk,
Virginia10.60%15.00%1.581.54Norman,
Oklahoma7.00%4.30%1.831.87North Charleston, South
Carolina12.70%10.70%1.521.46North Las Vegas,
Nevada7.00%5.60%1.841.89Norwalk,
California4.60%5.50%2.212.27Oakland,
California17.30%16.70%1.441.45Oceanside,
California5.60%3.60%1.891.92Odessa,
Texas4.40%5.20%1.831.78Oklahoma City,
Oklahoma6.00%5.70%1.781.82Olathe,
Kansas4.60%2.70%2.012.01Omaha,
Nebraska8.20%9.20%1.681.66Ontario,
California4.60%3.90%2.042.15Orange,
California3.70%5.00%2.122.16Orlando,
Florida9.40%8.20%1.451.5Overland Park,
Kansas3.90%3.20%1.851.85Oxnard,
California4.30%4.60%2.22.1Palm Bay,
Florida6.20%3.00%1.61.75Palmdale,

29. California8.10%5.60%1.952.02Paradise,
Nevada15.20%15.40%1.411.5Pasadena,
California9.70%11.40%1.621.54Pasadena,
Texas5.80%5.70%1.781.88Paterson, New
Jersey33.60%33.00%1.051Pearland,
Texas2.40%1.40%1.992.18Pembroke Pines,
Florida6.00%4.30%1.831.83Peoria,
Arizona5.60%4.50%1.851.91Peoria,
Illinois16.50%15.40%1.441.45Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania31.10%29.50%1.031.05Phoenix,
Arizona9.10%8.40%1.661.71Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania23.90%23.40%1.181.16Plano,
Texas2.80%2.40%1.91.93Pomona,
California6.50%5.30%2.072.27Pompano Beach,
Florida7.80%7.50%1.491.44Port St. Lucie,
Florida3.60%2.60%1.761.79Portland,
Oregon14.70%13.70%1.491.49Providence, Rhode
Island21.70%18.00%1.211.27Provo,
Utah3.90%4.50%2.112.17Pueblo,
Colorado12.00%8.10%1.631.67Raleigh, North
Carolina5.30%6.00%1.691.74Rancho Cucamonga,
California2.70%3.00%2.152.12Reno,
Nevada10.00%10.80%1.641.73Renton,
Washington5.50%6.00%1.781.87Rialto,
California6.50%4.50%2.222.22Richardson,

30. Texas3.70%3.70%1.911.84Richmond,
California11.70%8.10%1.681.89Richmond,
Virginia16.40%18.00%1.391.42Riverside,
California5.40%5.30%2.052.04Rochester,
Minnesota7.80%8.90%1.681.68Rochester, New
York26.80%26.50%1.11.14Rockford,
Illinois11.90%13.40%1.541.46Roseville,
California6.10%4.20%1.871.95Round Rock,
Texas2.80%2.70%1.931.99Sacramento,
California10.00%8.60%1.611.65Salem,
Oregon8.30%7.00%1.71.71Salinas,
California6.00%5.80%1.962.09Salt Lake City,
Utah10.60%10.60%1.61.62San Angelo,
Texas8.20%6.10%1.641.66San Antonio,
Texas8.40%8.30%1.681.71San Bernardino,
California11.70%11.10%1.711.8San Buenaventura,
California7.20%6.10%1.851.91San Diego,
California6.60%6.30%1.761.8San Francisco,
California31.20%29.90%1.071.1San Jose,
California5.50%5.10%2.072.12San Mateo,
California5.20%5.10%1.841.87Sandy Springs,
Georgia6.90%7.60%1.571.57Santa Ana,
California7.30%5.70%2.212.25Santa Clara,
California6.00%5.80%1.871.81Santa Clarita,
California4.00%3.70%2.062.15Santa Maria,

31. California6.20%5.50%21.98Santa Rosa,
California5.30%6.20%1.861.88Savannah,
Georgia13.90%13.70%1.451.43Scottsdale,
Arizona4.40%4.50%1.671.7Seattle,
Washington16.60%17.10%1.41.39Shreveport,
Louisiana11.00%13.60%1.531.5Simi Valley,
California2.30%4.10%2.262.29Sioux Falls, South
Dakota6.60%5.60%1.791.82South Bend,
Indiana12.50%13.60%1.441.43Spokane,
Washington10.90%9.40%1.681.66Spring Hill,
Florida3.90%4.70%1.651.75Spring Valley,
Nevada6.10%5.20%1.641.62Springfield,
Illinois11.90%10.60%1.521.52Springfield,
Massachusetts20.80%22.20%1.311.26Springfield,
Missouri9.70%9.30%1.561.56St. Louis,
Missouri19.70%18.50%1.251.27St. Paul,
Minnesota13.30%13.50%1.521.52St. Petersburg,
Florida9.60%9.30%1.491.52Stamford,
Connecticut11.00%8.90%1.671.63Sterling Heights,
Michigan5.10%4.20%1.851.89Stockton,
California10.50%10.80%1.81.83Sunnyvale,
California5.60%4.90%1.831.78Sunrise Manor,
Nevada11.00%11.80%1.61.66Surprise,
Arizona2.40%1.30%1.871.87Syracuse, New
York26.40%29.20%1.091.08Tacoma,

32. Washington9.70%9.30%1.711.7Tallahassee,
Florida8.40%6.90%1.541.65Tampa,
Florida11.40%10.10%1.481.49Temecula,
California1.00%2.00%2.242.25Tempe,
Arizona11.10%9.40%1.571.65The Woodlands,
Texas3.30%4.10%1.971.9Thornton,
Colorado3.50%3.00%2.12.14Thousand Oaks,
California3.30%3.20%2.072.09Toledo,
Ohio14.70%13.30%1.451.43Topeka,
Kansas9.70%12.40%1.571.52Torrance,
California5.40%5.20%1.911.95Tucson,
Arizona14.40%11.70%1.491.54Tulsa,
Oklahoma9.30%8.80%1.631.62Tyler,
Texas6.70%6.40%1.611.63Vallejo,
California9.00%7.60%1.942.01Vancouver,
Washington5.50%7.60%1.721.75Victorville,
California6.50%6.60%1.921.95Virginia Beach,
Virginia4.90%3.40%1.931.98Visalia,
California6.90%5.90%1.751.84Vista,
California3.10%3.30%2.152.14Waco,
Texas8.70%8.80%1.621.67Warren,
Michigan7.80%7.20%1.651.73Washington, District of
Columbia36.20%37.30%0.890.86Waterbury,
Connecticut20.40%20.60%1.361.32West Covina,
California4.10%5.20%2.32.22West Jordan,

33. Utah1.90%1.30%2.142.3West Palm Beach,
Florida8.60%10.40%1.461.43West Valley City,
Utah5.00%4.30%2.162.1Westminster,
Colorado5.90%4.60%1.961.91Wichita Falls,
Texas8.70%6.80%1.751.63Wichita,
Kansas7.70%6.70%1.731.8Wilmington, North
Carolina10.10%8.50%1.631.56Winston-Salem, North
Carolina11.30%9.90%1.631.68Worcester,
Massachusetts19.60%19.30%1.31.3Yonkers, New
York24.60%23.50%1.261.25http://www.governing.com/gov-
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