4. • How would you describe the
difference between
WEATHER and CLIMATE?
5.
6. I. Characteristics
of the Atmosphere
• Weather = day-to-day changes
in atmospheric conditions.
•These conditions include:
•Temperature
•Air movements
•Moisture content
7. • Climate = general weather
conditions averaged over
many (about 30) years
8. A. Composition of the
Atmosphere
• 78% Nitrogen
• 21% Oxygen
• 0.9% Argon
• 0.1% Other
9. • Ozone – protects us
from harmful UV
(ultraviolet) rays
Damaged by CFCs
(poisons in ACs
and refrigerators)
Ozzy Ozone
10. B. Properties of the
Atmosphere
1)Temperature
2)Air Pressure
3)Humidity
11. 1. Temperature
• measure of the
average kinetic
energy of particles in a material
• more energy = moving faster =
higher temperature
• measured with a thermometer
12. 2. Atmospheric (Air)
Pressure
• the ratio of the force of the
air to the area of the surface
on which it presses
• the weight of the atmosphere
pressing down on Earth’s
surface
16. 3. Humidity
• the amount of water vapor in
the atmosphere at a given
location on Earth’s surface
17. C. Layers of the
Atmosphere
- Based on temperature
differences, scientists
identify four layers of
Earth’s atmosphere
- Each layer is separated by a
“pause”
40. 2. Conduction: transfer of heat
energy through matter from
particle to particle;
most effective in
solids.
41. 3. Radiation: waves that directly
transport energy through
space; brings
HEAT to our
planet.
42. III. Winds
• Created by uneven heat
distribution at Earth’s surface
–The amount of energy
reaching any given point on
Earth’s surface is controlled
by the angle of sunlight
striking the surface
45. • Our tilt!
• Where on Earth will you
receive more of the sun’s
energy per unit area?
• Where will you receive
less?
46.
47.
48. • The Coriolis Effect: Earth’s rotation
causes winds to deflect (curve) to
the right in the Northern
Hemisphere and to the left in the
Southern
Hemisphere.
• Same with water
49.
50. A. Global Winds
Winds are named according to the
direction FROM which they flow!
1. Trade Winds (Tropical Easterlies) –
winds in both hemispheres
flowing towards the equator
between 30° (N and S) and 0°
latitude
51. a. Doldrums – weak and
unpredictable air mix, 5° N and S
of the equator
*winds CONVERGE here to form an
area of LOW pressure
b. Horse Latitudes – very weak air
movement 30°- 35° N and S
52. 2. Westerlies – between 30° and 60°
N and S.
3. Polar Easterlies – weak winds at
60° N and S that flow away from
the poles.