3. WHAT IS
N A N O T E C H N O L O G Y ?
Nanotechnology involves manipulating
matter at unprecedentedly small scales to
create new or improved products that can
be used in a wide variety of ways.
3 MM.DD.20XX
5. 5
nanomaterials all the
dimensions are
measured within the
nanoscale (no
dimensions are larger
than 100 nm). Most
commonly, 0D
nanomaterials are
nanoparticles.
Zero-
dimensional
(0D)
two dimensions are
outside the nanoscale.
This class exhibits plate-
like shapes and includes
graphene, nanofilms,
nanolayers, and
nanocoatings.
Two-dimensional
(2D)
one dimension is
outside the nanoscale.
This class includes
nanotubes, nanorods,
and nanowires.
One-dimensional
(1D)
are materials that are
not confined to the
nanoscale in any
dimension. This class
can contain bulk
powders, dispersions of
nanoparticles, bundles
of nanowires, and
nanotubes as well as
multi-nanolayers.
Three-
dimensional
(3D)
7. CARBON BASED
These nanomaterial are composed mostly of
carbon, most commonly taking the form of a hollow
spheres, ellipsoids, or tubes.
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o Spherical and ellipsoidal carbon
nanomaterials are referred to as
FULLERENES, while cylindrical ones are
called NANOTUBES (Carbon
Nanotubes) CNTs.
8. METAL BASED
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oThese nanomaterials include
quantum dots, nanogold (also
called gold nanoparticles, are
small particles that are generally
found as a colloidal solution, and
its color ranges from clear blue to
red), nanosilver, and metal oxides,
such as titanium dioxide.
9. DENDRIMERS
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o These nanomaterials are nano-sized
polymers built from branched units.
The surface of the dendrimer has
numerous chain ends, which can be
tailored to perform specific
chemical functions. This property
could also be useful for catalysis.
10. COMPOSITES
Composites combine
nanoparticles or with
other nano particles or
with larger, bulk-type
materials.
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with at least two
constituent parts, one
being a metal necessarily,
the other material may be
a different metal or another
material.
Metal Based
provide large amount of
flexibility and lightweight to
a final product.
Polymer Based
with at least two
constituent parts, one
being a metal necessarily,
the other material may be
a different metal or another
material.
Carbon Based
12. Natural Sources
• August Bergqvist
• Phone:
• 678-555-0134
• Email:
• bergqvist@treyresearch.com
• Website:
Natural sources include but are not limited to volcanoes, viruses,
ocean spray, dust storms, bacteria, and bush fires. Additionally, the
human body uses natural nanoscale materials such as proteins and
other molecules, to control the body's many systems and processes
(Kumar et. al., 2014).
13. Anthropogenic Sources
• August Bergqvist
• Phone:
• 678-555-0134
• Email:
• bergqvist@treyresearch.com
• Website:
Anthropogenic nanoparticles are man-made and may result in
incidental exposure. The anthropogenic nanoparticles, also known
as engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), exhibit specific size ranging
from 1–100 nm. They are pure materials with controlled surfaces.
There are two types of anthropogenic sources, the unintentionally
produced and intentionally produced.
14. TWO TYPES OF ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES
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Unintentionally Produced
• Combustion aerosols,
particularly motor vehicle
exhaust emission, coal fly ash,
and wielding operations (Kumar
et. al., 2014).
Intentionally Produce
• Nanowires, nanotubes,
quantum dots, and fullerenes,
mostly composed of metals and
metal oxides (Kumar et. al.,
2014).
16. MM.DD.20XX16
QUANTUM DOTS
o Quantum dots were discovered by the
Russian Physicist Alexey I. Ekimov in 1981.
These tiny nanoparticles have diameters
which range from 2 nanometers to 10
nanometers, with their electronic
characteristics depending on their size and
shape. The particles differ in color
depending on their size, the image on the
right shows glass tubes with quantum dots
of perovskite nanocrystals with differing
colors due to varying synthesis reaction
times. This results in different nanocrystal
size (Chilton, 2014).
A nanometer is one millionth of a millimeter approximately 100,000 times smaller than the diameter of a human hair.
Also, because threedimensional dendrimers contain interior cavities into which other molecules could be placed, they may be useful for drug delivery.
The composites may be any combination of metal based carbon based or polymer based nanomaterials with any form of metal, ceramic or polymer bulk materials.
